高中英語比較級總復(fù)習(xí)

1、概述比較級comparative degree在英語中通常用下列方式表示的詞：在形容詞或副詞前加more(如more natural,more clearly )或加后綴-er(newer,sooner ) 。典型的是指形容詞或副詞所表示的質(zhì)、量或關(guān)系的增加。英語句子中，將比較兩個主體的方法叫做“比較句型” 。其中，像“ A 比B更”的表達方式稱為比較級。組成句子的方式是將形容詞或副詞變化成比較級的形態(tài)。比較級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1. 一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er, -ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級在后面加-er,最高級在后面加 -est；( 1)單音節(jié)詞如：smallfsmaller fsmallestsh

2、ortf shorterf shortesttall ftaller ftallestgreatfgreaterf greatest( 2)雙音節(jié)詞如：cleverf clevererfcleverestnarrow f narrowerf narrowest2以不發(fā)音e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較級在原級后加-r ，最高級在原級后加-st ；如：largef largerf largestnicef nicerfnicestable ablerfablest3在重讀閉音節(jié)(即：輔音元音輔音)中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級加-er ，最高級加-est；如：big f biggerf biggest

3、hot- hotter f hottestfat-fatterf fattest4.以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，把y改為i,比較級加-er,最高級加-est;如：eas尸 easierf easiestheavyf heavierfheaviestbusyf busierf busiesthappyf happierfhappiest5其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級在前面加more ，最高級在前面加 most ；如：beautiful f more beautiful fmost beautifuldifferent f more different f most differente

4、asilyf more easilyf most easily注意：(1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(2)形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義，只表示"非常"。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.6有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。如：good (well) better- bestbad (ill) - worsef

5、worstold f older/elderfoldest/eldestmany/much f moref mostlittle f less- leastfar f further/farther f furthest/farthest比較級的用法1 . “A + be +形容詞比較級 + than + B” 意思為“ A比B更”。如： This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高。注意： 在含有連詞than 的比較級中，前后的比較對象必須是同一范疇，即同類事物之間的比較。在比較級前面使用 much ，表示程度“強得多” 。如： A watermel

6、on is much bigger than an apple. very, quite 一般只能修飾原級，不能修飾比較級。2 .“比較級 + and +比較級"或"more and more +原級"表示"越來越"如： It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天氣越來越?jīng)鏊he wind became more and more heavily.風(fēng)變得越來越大。Our school is b

7、ecoming more and more beautiful.我們的學(xué)校變得越來越美麗。3在含有or 的選擇疑問句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比較級形式。如： Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰更高， Tim 還是 Tom?4 . “the +比較級，the+比較級”，表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.錢你賺得越多，花得越多。The sooner， the better.越快越好。5 . 表示倍數(shù)的比較級用法： . A + be +倍數(shù) + times + the + 形容詞對應(yīng)名詞形式+ of

8、 + B.如： The new building is three times the height of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。（新樓是舊樓的四倍高） . A + be +倍數(shù) + times +as +原級 + as+ B.如： Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。（亞洲比歐洲大三倍） . A + be + times + 比較級 + than + B.如： Our school is twice bigger than yours.我們學(xué)校比你們學(xué)校大兩倍。6 .形容詞、副詞的最高級形式主要用來表示三

9、者或三者以上人或事物的比較，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如： of the three, in our class 等等。如： He is the tallest in our class.他在我們班里是最高的。7 ."否定詞語+比較級"，"否定詞語+ soas"結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8 . 比較級與最高級的轉(zhuǎn)換：Mike is the most intelligent in

10、 his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class9 .修飾比較級和最高級的詞1）可修飾比較級的詞 .a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。 . 還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。 . 以上詞（除 by far） 外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。注意： 使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。（錯 ） Tom is the tallest

11、of his three brothers.（對 ） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2）下列詞可修飾最高級： by far, far, much, mostly, almost 。This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a. very 可修飾最高級，但位置與much 不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.8 .要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。（錯

12、 ） He is more cleverer than his brother.（對 ） He is more clever than his brother.（對 ） He is cleverer than his brother.9 .要避免將主語含在比較對象中。（錯 ） China is larger that any country in Asia.（對 ） China is larger than any other country in Asia.10 .要注意對應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。The population of Shanghai is larger than that

13、 of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11 .要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有名詞。比較： Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.10.連用詞much ,a little ,a bit,even使用比較級應(yīng)注意的問題1 比

14、較對象是否明確比較必須在同類事物之間進行，用 that 代替天氣和人口。如：My pen is better than yours.The weather of Harbin is colder than that of Beijing.2比較的范圍比較級中的被比對象與比較對象必須屬于互不分離的兩個范圍。 比較的對象如在同一范圍內(nèi)。必須加other 一詞，將比較的個體排除在外。范圍內(nèi)加 any other 范圍外加 any.He is taller than any other boy in his class.Canada is larger than any country in Asia

15、.3 比較級前的修飾語常用來修飾比較級的詞有： much ,a little , a bit ,a lot ,even ,still ,a great deal of, far ,by far ,any ,rather及表示倍數(shù)的詞。修飾可數(shù)名詞用：many more或few.修飾不可數(shù)名詞用： much more .There are many more books in your library than in ours.His handwriting is much better than mine.4比較狀語從句中的省略than 后是一個完整的句子， 有時為了避免重復(fù)， 把謂語部分省略

16、。 但如果前后時態(tài)不同，則不能省略。The book is more interesting than that one (is interesting).She is much taller than she was last year.I think he will be more careful with his study than he is now.5 比較級與冠詞 the 的使用表示“兩者中比較的一個"，要用(the +比較級+ of the two)的句式.He is the stronger one of the two boys.English is the ea

17、sier language of the two.6表示倍數(shù)的三個結(jié)構(gòu)1 ) be + 倍數(shù) + as - as2 ) be + 倍數(shù)+ 比較級 +than3 ) be + 倍數(shù) + the +名詞(尺寸，長度) +ofThe house is three times as big as that one .The house is three times bigger than that one .The pencil is twice the length of that one7 .比較級 + and +比較級越來越Days are getting longer and longer.8

18、 . the +比較級，the +比較級越,越The more ,the better.The more you eat, the fatter you ll be.9 . the +序數(shù)詞 +最高級 +Which is the first most useful invention ?10 one of + 最高級 + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)He is one of the tallest boys in his class.11 由物主代詞修飾的時候，不用冠詞He is my best friend.引特殊比較級的構(gòu)成：原形 比較級 最高級 備注far Farther / further Farthes

19、t / furthestMany / much more mostGood / well better Bestold Older / elder Oldest / eldestlittle Less LeastBad / badly / ill Worse Worstimportant More important Most important 多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞Tired / slowly / loudly / clearly /careful / surprised / funny More , most 比較級范例1) Are you feeling ?Yes， I'm fin

20、e now.A. any well B. any better C. quite goodD. quite better答案： B. any 可修飾比較級， quite 修飾原級， well 的比較級為 better.2) The experiment waseasier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. muchD. more much答案：C. much可修飾比較級，因此 B , C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需 more ，因此C 為正確答案。3) If there were no examinations, we s

21、hould have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time答案：D。happier是比較級，因此排除 B , happiest是最高級，不需 more,因此排除C, 由句意可得“如果沒有我們會”因此應(yīng)該選D。形容詞、 副詞的比較級的用法既是該類語法的重點也是難點。 研讀歷屆高考題不難發(fā)現(xiàn)， 高 考對形容詞和副詞比較級的用法的考查涉及到了多個方面。 為了便于同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)， 下面筆者 就其用法的一些重要結(jié)構(gòu)作一歸納并附以練習(xí)，以期同學(xué)們對此

22、能熟練掌握。1. “ as+adj/adv+as 或 not so(as)+adj/adv+as. ”句型。該句型常用來描述兩個比較對象的程度上的相似或不同 ( 即平時說的“等級比較和不等級比較” ) 。例如：My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours.我的電腦不如你的貴重。2. “ as many/few+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) +as ”或“ as much/little( 少的 )+ 不可數(shù)名詞+as ”。前者描述數(shù)目上的接近，后者描述量的相近。例如：You may borrow as many books as you can. 你能借多少書就借多

23、少?！?Drink as much water as you can. ” the doctor said to him. 醫(yī)生對他說到：“你要盡可能的多喝些水?！?. “主語+比較級+than any other”結(jié)構(gòu)表示：主語所描述的事物比其他任何一個都比較級形式表示最高級含義。例如：Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是他們班中最聰明的學(xué)生。注意：若比較范圍不同，than后應(yīng)用“any+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 + 其他”。例如：China is larger that any countries i

24、n Africa. 中國比非洲上的任何國家都大。4. 諸如 not,never 之類的否定詞與形容詞或副詞的比較級連用， 表示最高級含義。 意為： 再沒有比-更一的了。例如:It is not a better idea.這是再好不過的一個辦法了。I have never heard such an interesting story.5. “形容詞 +to ”結(jié)構(gòu)也可表示比較含義。例如：我從來沒有聽過比這更有趣的故事了。This kind of car is superior in quality to that.（superior to 意為：優(yōu)于；勝過。 ）Li ping is thre

25、e years senior to Liu Gang.這種汽車的質(zhì)量比那一種好得多李平比劉剛大三歲。 (senior to 意為：年長于；資格老于；地位高于。 )6. “ no+比較級+than ”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對兩個比較對象都進行否定(可由neither nor結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫) 。例如：I m no more foolish than you. 我們倆都不傻。 ( 相當(dāng)于 Neither I nor you is foolish.)7. “ not more+ 比較級 +than ”結(jié)構(gòu)表示在程度上前者不如后者。例如：This book is not more interesting than tha

26、t one.這本書不如那本書有趣。 ( 相當(dāng)于 Thebook is less interesting than that one.)8 .“形容詞比較級+than+形容詞”，意為：與其-倒不如一。例如：Jack is much harder than clever. 與其說杰克聰明，倒不如說他學(xué)習(xí)用功。9 .would rather than, prefer to ，prefer to do- rather than 這三個句型表示 “寧愿而不愿；喜歡勝過；寧愿做而不愿做“含義。雖無比較級形式，但表示比較級含義。例如：She would rather die than give in.她寧死

27、不屈。He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他寧愿出去也不愿呆在家里。10 . “The+比較級，the+比較級”。該結(jié)構(gòu)意為“越，越”。例如：The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就越小。11 .what 有時也可以表示 “比較” 關(guān)系，說明兩種事物的相同或相似性。 what 的該種用法常用于書面語，用來加強修辭效果，含有比喻含義，相當(dāng)于as,意為“好比-；正如一；就像一樣"。wha

28、t的該類用法共有3種情況：(1)A is to B what C is to DTwelve is two what twenty-four is to four.十二比二就等于二十四比四。(2)what C is to D, A is to BWhat food is to the body, a book is to the mind. 書籍對于思想猶如食物對于身體。(3)what C is to D, that A is to BWhat the gun is to a soldier, that the pen is to a writer.作家的筆猶如戰(zhàn)士的槍。 鞏固練習(xí) 請選出符合

29、題意的最佳選項。1 .How beautiful she sings! I have never heard.(NMET96)A.the better voice B. a good voice C. the better voice D. a better voice2 .Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?I couldn t agree .The idea is great to me.(2000年北京春季高考題 )A.much B. more C. worse D. at all3 .Theyou study, the yo

30、u ll be in it.(MET90)A.hard; interested B. harder; interesting C. harder; more interested D. hardest;more interested4 .As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you lean,(2002 上海 )A. the more for life are you equippedB.the more equipped for life you areC.the more life you ar

31、e equipped forD.you are equipped the more for life5 .The patient isn t out of danger. He is than he was yesterday.(96上海題 )A.no better B. worst C. not worse D. not more6 .Liu Fang studies much better than student in his class.A.any B. any other C. the other D. other7 .This year the farmers have produced twice _ grain_ they did last year.(NME