屆高考復(fù)習(xí)專題 賓語(yǔ)

1、.2005屆高考復(fù)習(xí)專題 賓語(yǔ)一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)通過本章復(fù)習(xí)，使學(xué)生明白在句子中賓語(yǔ)的概念及用法。二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與雙賓語(yǔ)，不定式與動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，帶疑問詞的不定式作賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)從句三、教學(xué)方法Teacher 1What is object?2Give examples, showing what is transitive and what is intransitive.3We often speak of a verb as “transitive ”if it takes an object, and “intransitive” if it doesn't.

2、And usually the same verb is used both transitively and intransitively.（能夠跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫及物動(dòng)詞，不跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫不及物動(dòng)詞。通常一動(dòng)詞既可跟賓語(yǔ)，又可不跟賓語(yǔ)。）4All this （the students' sentences-see left） is correct. In each group, there are two sentences, the former shows that the verb is transitive and the later shows that it is an i

3、ntransitive verb. What else do you know about transitive verb ?5Besides the verb-groups you used in the sentences what else do you know（group verbs ）?6What can be an object?7在有些情況下用it在句子中作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)不定式或動(dòng)詞的ing形式放在句子的后邊。你們能舉幾個(gè)例子嗎？8By the objective complement we mean that part of the sentence which s

4、tands in the same relation to the object as the predicate stands to the subject.9We can compare the following. 主謂句He was a monitor.Tom was angry.She laughed.In the first two sentences, “He” and“Tom” are subjects and “was a monitor”, “was angry ” are predicates. In the third sentence “She” is subject

5、 and “l(fā)aughed” is predicate. （前兩句是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，“He”與“Tom”分別是主語(yǔ)，“was a monitor”與“was angry”分別是復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。第三句“She”是主語(yǔ)，“l(fā)augh”是謂語(yǔ)。）10Nouns, adjectives and infinitives can be used as objective complements.（名詞，形容詞及不定式可用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。）11In the following., nouns are used as objective complements.We made him chairman.We consider h

6、im an honest boy. He named his son John.I think this a great shame.這幾個(gè)句子都是名詞作賓補(bǔ)。12 In a sentence, participles can also be used as objective complements. 在一個(gè)句子中分詞也可以作賓補(bǔ)。In the following, ing form is used as objective complement. （現(xiàn)在分詞）I found him playing with a snake.I heard him singing in the next r

7、oom. We noticed the boy drawing a picture. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. Don't have the boy crying all the time.13 Infinitives can be used as objective complements.（不定式作賓補(bǔ)）We want him to come back as soon as possible.I wish you to take me to that place. We'll invite him to have din

8、ner.What caused World War to take place?I cannot bear you to be unhappy.In the end I got him to see my point of view. We'd better ask another student to do it. 14Up to now, we have learned nine verbs which are followed by infinitives without“to”. Can you tell me what they are?15Do translations,

9、using infinitives without“to”.A有人見他進(jìn)了屋子。B他被迫留下來(lái)并接受懲罰。C人們常聽他唱這支歌。D人們注意到小偷溜進(jìn)了這所房子。16The direct and indirect object.Some verbs frequently or even regularly take two objects.We bought her some flowers. In English, we call her the indirect object and some flowers direct object。17常見的可跟直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give，

10、send， buy， refuse， tell， ask，teach， write， get， pay， show， cause等。18 Do the following translations.A我明天給你買件新襯衣。B你能搞到一兩張音樂會(huì)的票嗎？C請(qǐng)出示護(hù)照。D老板給雇員付酬金。E下次來(lái)時(shí)請(qǐng)帶教科書。F給我倒杯茶好嗎？G他拒絕了你的這點(diǎn)兒盛情。H別急，我會(huì)給你們講故事的。I許久沒收到他的來(lái)信，他決定給他再寫一封。J火車晚點(diǎn)給我們帶來(lái)了不少麻煩。19As is seen from the sentences above, the indirect object nearly always

11、denotes a person and is generally a personal pronoun. If the direct object is also a personal pronoun （it, them）,it is placed after the verb and the indirect object is often introduced by to or for.Translate the following sentences.A把那東西給我。B小明今天早晨把那些東西送給你了。C我們會(huì)為你買那東西的。D我會(huì)為她把那些東西弄到手的。E他把款付給了我。20 In g

12、rammar, we have a word “gerund”. In a sentence, it can be used as object. 21“Gerund”的意思是“動(dòng)名詞”，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，我們不太強(qiáng)調(diào)這種說法了，而常用動(dòng)詞的ing形式來(lái)代替“動(dòng)名詞”。在下列詞的后邊加 ing 作賓語(yǔ)。avoid, can't help, be busy, excuse, fancy, mind, finish, enjoy, practise, give up, put off, suggest等。Please give some examples, using the words abo

13、ve. 22V-ing form can be used after a preposition.A魏芳喜歡跳舞。（be fond of）B我沒考慮講很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。（think of）C通過努力學(xué)習(xí)，你才能多得知識(shí)。（by）D感謝你們光臨這個(gè)音樂會(huì)。（for）E他主動(dòng)前來(lái)幫忙。（without）F對(duì)不起，來(lái)晚了。（for）G我可不喜歡立即就走開這個(gè)想法。（the idea of）23After“remember”, “stop”“forget”, “regret”, “go on”, “l(fā)ike”, a gerund or an infinitive makes a difference in m

14、eaning.I remember going there.=I remember that I went there.I remember to buy the ticket. I remember that I must buy the ticket.I forgot locking the door.=I forgot that I had locked the door.I forgot to tell him about it.=I forgot that I should have told him about it.I like singing pop songs.=To sin

15、g pop songs is my hobby.I'd like to go with you.=If you ask me to go with you, I am very happy to do that.24由于動(dòng)名詞來(lái)源于動(dòng)詞，又起到名詞的作用，所以動(dòng)名詞，又像名詞那樣可以在它的前邊用物主代詞。e.g. your coming, your being late, etc. Give some sentences, showing that you know the usage.25 Some verbs, such as“ know”, “wonder”, “show”, “

16、teach”, “tell”,“ask”and“l(fā)earn” can be followed by an infinitive with“how”, “what”, “when”, “where”and “whether”.ADo you know what to do next?BHe learned how to make model planes.CWe have not made up our mind whether to go or stay here.DI wonder why to do it.ETell me where to go and what to see. FLet

17、's ask the policeman which way to go.26賓語(yǔ)從句可以出現(xiàn)在及物動(dòng)詞的后邊或介詞的后邊，而且從句要用陳述句式，即主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后。I am interested in how you did the experiment.He got angry because of what you had said about him behind his back.Can you give me some more examples?Students 1What can be used after a transitive verb is called ob

18、ject.2Charles came. （intransitive, for there is no object after “came”. ）Charles took a ticket.（transitive, for there is “ticket” after “took”.）3 Are the following correct? AThe girl plays the violin. She plays very well.BThe headmaster left Beijing. He left yesterday.CHe is painting a picture. But

19、she doesn't paint. DHe borrows money.But I don't borrow or lend.4 We often see many verb-plus preposition groups. And it is often called group verbs.AEveryone laughs at me. BI'll look into the matter.CYou can't play with fire, my dear. DThey sent for a doctor at once. （動(dòng)詞加介詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)詞組作及物

20、動(dòng)詞用5Look at , look upon, look for, wait for, depend on, live on, search for, call on, call at In a word, we've learned quite a lot.6Up to now, we've found all the following can be an object:ANouns 名詞I received a letter. BPronouns 代詞Did you see any?I found something interesting in the book.I

21、know him quite well. CInfinitives 不定式I want to buy a video camera.He refused to attend the meeting.Dverb's ing form （Gerunds） 動(dòng)名詞Do you like playing cards?I hate lying.ENoun clauses 名詞從句I'll take whoever wants to go. He said that he was busy.FSo or Not standing for a noun clause So與Not代表一個(gè)從句

22、I think so. I hope so. I hope not.I suppose not.7 In the following , it may serve as an object.I think it wrong to cheat.I have made it a rule that the classroom should be cleaned every day.I think it useless arguing with him.8 什么是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)？ （What do you mean by賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)？）9主謂賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)We elected him a monitor. I

23、 made him angry.We heard her laugh. Sentence One Sentence TwoSentence ThreeWe heard her laugh. 主 謂 賓 補(bǔ)10What can be objective complements？ （什么可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)？）11In the following, adjectives are used as objective complements.I found the room empty. They dyed the silk red. You leave the door open. Don't

24、swallow it whole.這幾個(gè)句子都是形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。12Do you mean present and past participles?那一定是指現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞了。In the following, ed form is used as objective complement.（過去分詞）His story made us interested. Please keep your mouth shut. What he did made us satisfied. He left the work undone.I heard the song sung by the fam

25、ous singer. You should have your hair cut.He saw his face reflected in the water. 13 Infinitives without “to” can also be used as objective complements.（不帶to 的不定式也可作賓補(bǔ)）I saw him enter the room.Will you come and help me do the experiment?Tell me what makes you think so.I felt my legs tremble.Nothing

26、can make him change his mind.Let me do it a second time. We watched him play basketball.We hear him say it.14Yes. They are: let, make, have, see, feel, hear, watch, observe and notice. And what should we pay attention to when they are used in passive voice? When they are used in passive voice, “to”c

27、an't be omitted.（以上各詞若出現(xiàn)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中“to”不能省略，另外have是個(gè)例外，它不能用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中。）15AHe was seen to enter the room.BHe was made to stay behind and take his punishment. CHe is often heard to sing the song.DThe thief was noticed to steal into the house. 16It means直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。從剛才的例子中，（We bought her some flowers）我們明白了直接賓

28、語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系最密切，雖然從距離上它不如間接賓語(yǔ)離動(dòng)詞近。在這一句中我們可以刪去間接賓語(yǔ)“her”成為“We bought some flowers”但我們不能略去“some flowers”成為“We bought her”17What are the commonest verbs that can take both a direct object and indirect object?18 Can we translate like this?AI'll buy you a new shirt.BCan you get me a couple of tickets for t

29、he concert?CShow me your pass-port.DThe boss paid the workers the money. EDo bring me your textbooks when you come next time.FPour me a cup of tea, will you?GHe refused you the little favour.HDon't worry, I'll tell you a story. INot having heard from him, he decided to write him a second let

30、ter.JThe delay of the train caused us a great deal of trouble.19上述例句中，間接賓語(yǔ)是人，且是人稱代詞。如果直接賓語(yǔ)與上述例句不一樣，不是物而是人稱代詞，比如it，them等情況時(shí)，人稱代詞（直接賓語(yǔ)）則直接放在動(dòng)詞后邊，把間接賓語(yǔ)后置，前邊用介詞to或for。AGive it to me.BXiao Ming sent them to you this morning.CWe'll buy it for you.DI'll get them for her.EHe paid it to me.20是“動(dòng)名詞”嗎？

31、我們是否也可以說是動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)？21動(dòng)名詞的概念是來(lái)自動(dòng)詞，起名詞的作用。AHe is busy doing his homework.BI enjoy listening to pop music.CEvery morning, he practises speaking English.DAt last they put off carrying on the plan.EDo you mind getting up early?22AWei Fang is fond of dancing.BI didn't think of speaking so long.CBy s

32、tudying hard, you can get more knowledge. DThank you for attending the concert. EHe came to help me without being asked.FSorry for being late.GI don't like the idea of going away at once. 23So we can say that “stop to do” and “stop doing”have different meanings.AStop talking, please.（It means an

33、 acting is going on, it should stop. ）The students stopped to read English.（Perhaps the students were talking, were singing or even were quarrelling. They stopped their action and then began to do another thing. In the sentence above, the students began to read English.BThe students went on playing

34、basketball.The students went on to play basketball.（The former means that the students kept playing basketball. And the later, however, means that the students stopped their study and then did another thing, in the sentence, they began playing basketball. ） 24AWould you mind my opening the window? I

35、t is stuffy in the room.BThank you for your coming.CI don't like his talking to others in that way.DWho told you of her being here?EI am surprised at your liking this kind of stuff.25I also knew the following verbs can be followed by an infinitive used as object. want, wish, like, prefer, agree,

36、 choose, promise, mean, expect, decide, hope, long, try, attempt, offer, manage, pretend, continue, dare, need, affordADon't trouble to come if you you are busy.BHe didn't dare to wake his father up. CHe chose to stay where he was.DI am longing to see you.26 Yes. For example:Who is it? Tell

37、me who it is.When can you come? I want to knowwhen you can come.What do you want? He asked me what I wanted.What is the matter? He didn't know what was the matter.What happened? He asked me what had happened.Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?四、精選題1 Few pleasures can equal _ of a coo

38、l drink on a hot day. AsomeBanyCthatDthose 2 I hate _ when people talk with mouths full. AitBthatCthese Dthem 3 Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember _ . AwhereBthereCwhichDthat4 It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. AhoweverBwhateverCwhi

39、cheverDwhenever5 I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. Ato goBto have goneCgoingDhaving gone6 I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _ . AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing 7-Which newspaper shall I buy? - _ , whatever they have in the shop.AAnythingBSomethingCAny oneDSome one8I'm very sorry _ that, I didn't do it on purpose. Adoing Bto doChaving don Dto have done9-Does she stu