JaneAusten匯總

1、Members and tasksNO.23陳曉梅look for informationNO 24張淑婷look for informationNO 25吳淑梅write the reportNO 26張麗碧make the PPTNO 27鄒翠云check the PPTNO 29胡曉萍check the reportNO 38林美國give a presentationJane AustenJane Austen was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, setamong the landed gentry, ear

2、ned her a place as one of the most widely readwriters in English literature Her realism, biting irony and social commentaryhave gained her historical importance among scholars and critics Firstly, lefs talk about the social backgroiuid when Jane Austen wrotePride and Prejudice.In economy, the Indust

3、rial Revolution was going on invisibly but orderly,which greatly improved Britains industrial workshops productivity Rapidlygrowing of the middle class and the culture, the new industrial city continuedto develop without good control which resulted in a lot of bad consequencesof urbanizationIn polit

4、ics, as the struggle between the old and new nobility andcommercial capitalism, making the British constitutional (no real constitutional)continued reforming. The two sides produced a corresponding equilibriumforces during a succession of the bills, Parliament finalized abolitionist bill in1833.In c

5、ulture, Sentimentalism writers reflected the sentimental weakness ofthe small bourgeois in urban and rural. Faced great changes in the society andcomplained about the failures of their lives, they were dissatisfied with botharistocratic and bourgeois tyranny and didnt understand the reasons forsocia

6、l changes, leading to a sentimental mood. Sentimentalism writershighlighted the feelings and emotions in the creation, focused on describingpersonal inner feelings, rendering the lower figures hardship and misfortune,whose works full of sentimentality. Sentimentalism had a broad impact, andmade prep

7、arations for the formation of romanticism. Gothic novel can be saidto be the original of horror movies, Significant elements of Gothic novels,including horror, mystery, supernatural, doom, death, decadence, houses livedan old ghost, mania, family curse and so onIn military, British colonial areas de

8、veloped to the East, Australia andNew Zealand had been exploited. As for expansion of India, on the one hand,due to the Indias seven years of war, on the other hand, the East has become anew center of the output of goods because of American independence Therefore, British colonialism was all over th

9、e world. Due to the success of theSeven Years War and the Napoleonic wars at sea, Britain eventually becamenaval supremacy over 200 years Secondly, it is about family of Jane Austen. AusteiVs parents, GeorgeAusten and his wife Cassandra were members of substantial gentiys families.George was descend

10、ed from a family of woolen manufacturers, which hadrisen through the professions to the lower ranks of the landed gentry.Cassandra was a member of the prominent Leigh family. From 1765 until 1801,that is, for much of Janes life, George Austen served as the rector of theAnglican parishes at Steventon

11、, Hampshire, and a nearby village. From 1773until 1796, he supplemented this income by farming and by teaching three orfour boys at a time who boarded at his home.Austin had six brothers. Her elder brother, James who was melancholyliked literature James inherited his fathers job, to be a clergyman.

12、Her secondelder brother George suffered from illness. Austen had never seen himbecause he has been recuperating Austin had a sister (Cassandra), and theywere quite intimate. Austin admired her sister, and inPride and PrejudiceJaneBennet characters model is indeed similar to Cassandra. Austins mother

13、 said ,if Cassandra went to boarding school, Austin would also keep going , ifsomeone wants to Cassandra *s head, she would not hesitate to go with Austin Sister relationship between them is the most close.Finally, lets come to the career of Jane Austen. Austen was subsequentlyeducated at home, unti

14、l leaving for boarding school with her sister Cassandraearly in 1785 By December 1786, Jane and Cassandra had returned homebecause the Austens could not afford to send both of their daughters toschool. Austen acquired the remainder of her education by reading books,guided by her father and her broth

15、ers James and Henry. Austen apparentlyhad unfettered access both to her fathers library and that of her uncle, WarrenHastings, a wealthy opium trader. Together these collections amounted to alarge and varied library. Her father was also tolerant of Austens sometimesrisque experiments in writing, and

16、 provided both sisters with expensive paperand other materials for their writing and drawing.According to assorted evidences Jane Austen had started writing poems,stories, and plays for her own and her familys amusement by 1787. Much laterJane took time to bring out a compilation of 29 of her earlie

17、st works (whichwere produced into three bound notebooks) which are presently known as“JuveniliaShe made fair copies of all her works which were originally knownto have been written between 1787 and 1793. Evidences suggest that Janeworked on these pieces till late 1809-11 which were further added wit

18、h otherworks of hers by her niece and nephew, Anna and James in 1814. Jane hadreportedly written (which had been added to the compilation) a satirical novelin letters titled Love and Friendship which had been intentionally written likethat as she had mocked popular novels of sensibility. Other works

19、 like TheHistoiy of England a manuscript of 34 pages accompanied by 13 watercolorminiatures by her sister Cassandra also formed a part of Juvenilia”. Forparodied writing, Austen earned the names, boisterous and anarchic fromscholar Richard Jenkyns In 1793 Jane started on a play which she soon abando

20、ned It was latertitled, Sir Charles Giandison or the happy Man, a comedy in 6 acts” which sherestarted and completed around 1800 In the period between 1793 and 1795,Jane wrote Lady Susan；a short epistolaiy novel which was considered by Janeas one of her greatest and most ambitious works.After comple

21、ting Lady Susan, Jane started writing on her first full-lengthnovel Elinor and Mariamie (There is no evidence to confiim as to how muchoriginal text was maintained and reproduced in the novel published in 1811 asSense and Sensibility)According to her sister Cassandra, Jane had read outher novel befo

22、re 1796 Tom Lefroy, a neighbor nephew had made a visit toSteventon from December 1795 to January 1796 and Jane was just 20 years oldat this time. Lefroy got introduced to Jane at a ball and according to Austensletters to Cassandra, Jane shared great times with Lefroy. Due to young ageand no money th

23、e love story got aborted in the nascent stage as Lefroy wassent away to Ireland for establishing his legal career.Austen attempted her second novelFirst Impressionsin 1796 andcompleted the draft in August 1797 at the age of 21. Janes father took theinitiative to publish one of her novels, hi Novembe

24、r 1797 Janes father, GeorgeAusten wrote to Thomas Cadell, an established publisher in London asking himto consider publishing a Manuscript Novel, comprised in three Volumesabout the length of Miss Bume/s Evelina7(First Impressions)which wasrejected and returned Jane went back to reworking on herElin

25、or andMariannefrom November 1797 until mid-1798 revising it greatly.In the middle of 1798 Jane started on her third novel after fully revisingElinor and Marianne.Her third novel initially had a titleSusanwhich was latertitled asNorthanger Abbeythat was a clear satire on the popular Gothic novel.Aust

26、en reportedly finished with her work after a year Her brother HenryAusten presentedSusanto Benjamin Crosby, a London publisher who agreedto pay 10 for the copyright. The manuscript of the book was repurchasedfrom Crosby by Austen in 1816.While staying at Chawton, Jane Austen could successfully publi

27、sh four ofher novels which were received well and appreciated greatly. Janets brotherHemy helped her in persuading publisher Thomas Egerton to publishSenseand Sensibilitywhich appeared in October 1811. The novel turned many headsand became popular besides being judged as fashionable by critics.Sense

28、 andSensibilitywas completely sold out by the middle of 1813 providing Jane withsomesortoffinancialandpsychologicalindependence.EgertonthenpublishedPride and Prejudice,a revision of First Impressions, in January 1813for which he also advertised that made the book an immediate success ByOctober 1813, Egerton began selling a second edition ofPride and Prejudice.In May 1814 Mansfield Park was published by Egerton.Emmawas published inDecember 1815 and a second edition ofMansfield Parkwas published inFebruary 1816 by London based publ