最新山東省濱州市201X年中考英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)語法十動(dòng)詞不定式語法考點(diǎn)剖析

1、動(dòng)詞不定式語法考點(diǎn)剖析考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to動(dòng)詞原形”，否定形式是在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，但沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作謂語，動(dòng)詞不定式及其賓語和狀語構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語。1作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，可以用動(dòng)名詞替換且常用it作形式主語，把動(dòng)詞不定式后置，常構(gòu)成“Itbeadj.(for sb.)動(dòng)詞不定式”。Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(對(duì)我們來說)保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。2作表語My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英語。

2、3作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)接to do作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。(2)接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。(3)在使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have和感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, look, smell等的后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要省略。help后的不定式可帶to也可不帶to。4作定語I have a lot of home

3、work to do.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。動(dòng)詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要有相關(guān)的介詞。The cat is easy to take care of.這只貓很容易照顧。5作狀語Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上?？此畠?。(目的)Were glad to meet you here.我們很高興在這兒見到你。(原因)He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能繼續(xù)工作了。(結(jié)果)6“疑問詞動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who, what, when, where, h

4、ow, which等后接動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語等。The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。He didnt know where to go(where he should go)他不知道去哪里。7含動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型與短語too. to.太而不能Why dont you do sth.？為什么不做某事？prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事be made to d1(2018湖北咸寧中考改編)Remember some frui

5、t when you come back.Abuying Bto buyCbuy Dbought2(2018湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考改編)The weather report says its going to have a shower this afternoon.It does? Wed better now, just in case.Ato leave BleavingCleave Dleft3(2018甘肅張掖中考)My two cousins decide a business together.Ato start BstartingCstart Dstarted4(2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾中

6、考改編)We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith.Ahelp Bto helpChelping Dhelps5(2018黑龍江綏化中考改編)People are supposed hands when they meet for the first time in America.Ashaking Bto shakeCshake Dshook6(2018貴州中考)Parents should always tell their kids with strangers.Anot to talk Bnot talkingCto not

7、talk Dnot talk7(2018四川成都中考改編)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.Ato pick up Bpicking upCpicked up Dpick up8(2018四川達(dá)州中考)Id love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework If you dont go, Ato do; so do IBto do; nor will ICdoing; so will IDdo; neither am I9(2018四川樂山中考改編)Julia, y

8、our mobile phone is ringing.Wait a minute. Its dangerous it while crossing the street.Aanswering BanswerCto answer Dto answering10(2018廣東中考)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.Abuild Bnot buildCto build Dnot to build11(2018貴州安順中考)You shou

9、ld do what you can your English, Li Ming.OK, I will. Thank you, Ms.Hu.Aimprove Bto improveCimproving Dimproved考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)(可有賓語和狀語)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。1動(dòng)名詞常用結(jié)構(gòu)(1)只能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞(短語)有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good a

10、t doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing等。(2)haven.(in) doinghave fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulty (in) doing等。(3)to doing 結(jié)構(gòu)，to是介詞be/get used to doing, look forward to doing

11、, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。2有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，但表達(dá)的意義不同。stopforgetremembertryregret1(2019預(yù)測(cè))Have you forgotten $1，000 from me last month? Will you please remember it tomorrow?Aborrowing; to bringBto borrow; to bring Cborrowed; bringingDborrowing; bringing2(2017黑龍江龍東中考改編)Would you

12、 mind here?Of course not. Ill my cigarette at once.Anot smoking; put awayBnot smoking; put outCnot to smoke; put offDnot to smoke; put out3(2019預(yù)測(cè))Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty the problem. Aworking outBhaving worked outCto have worked outDto work out 4(2017湖北黃岡中考)Now

13、adays lots of products from China are very popular in the world.Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid products made in China.Ato buy BbuyingCbought Dbuy5(2019預(yù)測(cè))My brother keeps me with my work.Ato help Bhelp Chelping Dhelped6(2019預(yù)測(cè))Ive enjoyed to talk with you.Ato be able Bbeing ableCto been able Dof

14、 being able7(2019預(yù)測(cè))Mr. Wang came into the office without the door. Aknock Bknocking at Cto knock at Dknocking to8(2017重慶中考)Dave is a good boy and he always finishes his homework on time.Ado BdidCdoes Ddoing9(2017重慶渝北中考)There are some people soccer in the park.Aplay BplaysCplaying Dto play10(2017江蘇常

15、州中考)Why doesnt the Surgeon stop lunch?Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room.Ato have; to save Bhaving; to saveCto have; saving Dhaving; saving11(2017江蘇淮安中考)The research he devotes himself to the farmers have a better harvest is very important.Ahelping Bto helpChelp Dhelped考點(diǎn)三

16、分詞1現(xiàn)在分詞由“動(dòng)詞原形ing”構(gòu)成，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行意義，還具有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等。The crying girl cant find her mother.那個(gè)正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。(定語)The story is interesting.這個(gè)故事很有趣。(表語)I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。(賓語補(bǔ)足語)Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)通過考試。(狀語)2過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成意義，在句中作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語

17、、狀語等。She is very tired.她很疲勞。(表語)The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那個(gè)男孩穿了一條褪色的牛仔褲。(定語)She found the village greatly changed.她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)村莊變化很大。(賓語補(bǔ)足語)3現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或者進(jìn)行。a sleeping child一個(gè)正在睡覺的孩子a developing country一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家boiling water正在沸騰的水a(chǎn) surprising look一個(gè)令人吃驚的表情(

18、2)過去分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或者完成。the novel written by Lu Xun 魯迅寫的那篇小說 a singer surrounded by a group of fans 被粉絲包圍的歌手fallen leaves 落葉a snowcovered city被雪覆蓋的城市1(2017黑龍江龍東中考改編)I saw Jim into that new building just now.Oh, its our new library. It to the public for a week.Awalk; has opened Bwalking; has been openCwalking; has opened Dwalks; has been open2I heard him an English song when I passed his room last night.Asing BsingingCsung Dto sing3(2019預(yù)測(cè))The novel is great.Its well worth Aread BreadsCread