人教版初二(上)英語第16講：unit8語法篇(教師版)

1、Unit 8語法篇名詞：1、英語名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類：（1）、專有名詞是個(gè)別的人、地、物、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專用名稱。專有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。如：Beijing, Tom, the People s Republic of China（中華人民共和國）專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語，則必須使用定冠詞 the。如：the Great Wall（ 長城）姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式，則表示該姓氏一家人（復(fù)數(shù)含義）,女口： the Greens（ 格林一家人）。（2） 、普通名詞是許多人或事物的共有名稱。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可

2、數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞是可以用簡單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞，如：box, child, orange ；不可數(shù)名詞是不可以用簡單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。如：water, news, oil, populatio n,in formati on .2、英語可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。1、名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法如下：1在單數(shù)名詞詞尾力口 s。如： mapTmaps,boy 宀 boys,horse 宀 horses, table 宀 tables.2s,o,x ,sh,ch 結(jié)尾的詞力口 es.女口： classTclasses, boxTboxes, heroTheroes, d

3、ishTdishes,benchTbenches.注:少數(shù)以 o 結(jié)尾的詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加 s。如：photoTphotos, pianoTpianos. 有生命加-es, 沒 生命加-s以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的名詞,變 y 為 i,再加 es。如：family 宀 families, cityf cities, partyTparties.以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，變 f 或 fe 為 v,再加 es。如：shelf f shelves, wolf f wolves, life f lives, knifefknives.妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架下保己命，半片樹葉遮目光。2、不

4、規(guī)則變化：marfmen, womanfwomen, sheepfsheep,toothfteeth, fishffish, childfchildren, oxfoxen, goosefgeese不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，說明其數(shù)量時(shí)，要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。女口： a bag of riceftwo bags of rice, a piece of paperfthree pieces of paper, a bottle ofmilkffive bottles of milk.3、 名詞所有格：名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，在句中作定語、賓語或主語。其構(gòu)成法如下：表示人或其它有生命

5、的東西的名詞常在詞尾加s。如：Childern s Day（兒童節(jié)）,mysister s book（我姐姐的書）以 s 或 es 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只在詞尾加。如：Teachers Day（教師節(jié)）（3）有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞，也可在詞尾加s.女口：today. newspaper（今天的報(bào)紙）,ten.minutes.break（十分鐘.的課間休息 ）,China.s. population（中國的人口 ）.（4）無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞，一般均可用介詞of 短語來表示所有關(guān)系。如：a fine daughter of the Party（黨的好女兒

6、）.2、注解:1 s 還可以表示某人的家或者某個(gè)店鋪，如：my aunt s（我阿姨家）,the doctor s（診所）2兩人共有某物時(shí)，可以采用 A and B s 的形式，如：Lucy and Lily s bedroom（露西和麗麗合 住的臥室）3“ of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”，稱為雙重所有格，如：a friend of my father s（我父親的一位朋友）,a friend of mine（_ 我的一位朋友）4、 名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問題：1、 謂語和謂語基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致，即：主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：如： The

7、computer was a great invention.（計(jì)算機(jī)是個(gè)了不起的發(fā)明）The water in the glassis_very cold.（玻璃杯里的水很冷）2、 集體名詞（如 family, class, team, group, row, police, school等）做句子主語時(shí)，1如果表示整體概念，則謂語用單數(shù)形式，如：Class Three is a very goodclass.（ 三班是好班）以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的名詞,變 y 為 i,再加 es。如：family 宀 families, cityf cities, party2如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí)，則謂

8、語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：Class Three have a mapof China.（ 三班有張中國地圖）3、 Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people 等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)，表示許多時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。女口： There .is_a sheep in the yard.（ 院子里有只綿羊 ）/ There are some sheep in the yard.（院子里有一些綿羊）4、 maths, news 等雖然有 s 結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù)：The news is very exciting.（這 個(gè)消息令人興奮）5、 glasses, shoe

9、s, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.（褲子很便宜 ,我想買）6、 a lot of后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：A lot ofstudents are playing baseball now.（現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球 ）A lot of time was wasted on that work.（大量的時(shí)間花在了那個(gè)工作上）（被動(dòng)句）7、 and 連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù)，但是兩個(gè)名詞

10、若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物時(shí)，謂語則用單數(shù)。如： The teacher and his son are picking apples now.（老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果 ）/ Fish_and chips is very famous food.（魚和薯?xiàng)l是一種出名的食品）& there be 句型中 be 的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如：There is a table and four chairsin the room.（ 房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子）9、 用 bothand連接兩個(gè)事物做主語時(shí)，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Both you and I are required tobe he

11、re tomorrow.（ 你和我明天要求都來）10、主語中含有 with 的短語時(shí)，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由 with 之前的人物決定。女口：A womanwith a 7-year-old child wasstanding at the side of the road.（一名婦女帶著一個(gè)七歲的孩子（當(dāng)時(shí)）就站在路邊）11、 either - or或者 neithernor連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語時(shí)，謂語采用就近原則。女口： Eitheryou or _he is_ right.（ 要么是你對(duì)，要么是他對(duì)。/你和他有一個(gè)人是對(duì)的）/ Neither you nor I_am _ going there

12、.（你和我都不打算去那里）12、 表示一段時(shí)間或長度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)。女口： Two months is not a shorttime.（ 兩個(gè)月不是個(gè)短時(shí)間 ）Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance（距離）.（兩千千米是相當(dāng)長的一段距離）13、主語中含有 half of / （threequarters）of / all （of） the.等詞語時(shí)，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定 ,女口： Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in Engl

13、ish.（ _因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的）/ A third of the stude nts were playing near thelake.（學(xué)生的三分之一（當(dāng)時(shí)）正在湖邊玩耍）/ All of the water in these rivers has beenpolluted.（這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了）（被動(dòng)句）但是,population 一詞又有特殊情況： What s the population of China?（中國人口是多少？）（句 子用單數(shù)）/ Three quarters of the population in this city are Arab

14、s（ _ 阿拉伯人）.（這個(gè)城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人）（句子用復(fù)數(shù)）、單項(xiàng)選擇（共 5 小題；共 5.0 分）1. People in America eat much _ .A.coffeeB. onionsC.2. - How many _ there in the box?-There is on ly one.A.san dwich isB.C.san dwich areD.4. - What did you have for breakfast?I hadcheese do you n eed?6. The watermelon is 15 yuan.（就劃線部分提問）_is t

15、he watermel on?7. There are sixty minutes in an hour.（就戈 U 線部分提問 ）_ are there in an hour?8. Miss Gao needs 3 spoons of honey.（就劃線部分提問）_ honey _ Miss Gao need?解析：1. 橫線后為 much，故為不可數(shù)名詞 beef,故選 C。2. 因?yàn)槭?how many ,故為可數(shù)名詞，故選 B。3. Onion 是可數(shù)名詞，同時(shí)為元音發(fā)音開頭，故選C。4. Bread 為不可數(shù)名詞，因此需要加量詞，故選B。5. Cheese 為不可數(shù)名詞，因?yàn)樾枰?/p>

16、how much 提問，故選 B。6. 對(duì)錢提問用 how much7. 對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many,故答案為 how many minutes8. 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how much基礎(chǔ)演練3. Give meonion and atomato, and I n eed them to make my san dwich.A. aB. theC.anD. /beefD. iced watersan dwiches aresan dwichs areA.three breadB.three pieces of breadC.three pieces breadD.three

17、pieces of breads5.A. How manyB. How muchC.HowD. How long二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型（共 3 小題;共 6.0 分）、單選1. Let s_ banana and apple milk shake.3._people are there in your tow n? One hun dred thousa nd.、適當(dāng)形式填空1. How_ (ma ny/much) yogurt do we n eed?2. Next you n eed_ (cut) up three banan as.3. _(make) dinner is a very in

18、 teresti ng thing for me.4. _(add) the salt to the no odles, please.5. He can drink three cups of_(juice).6. How many_ (watermel on) do you want?7. I would like a big bowl of_ (no odles).8. There_ (be) two slices of bread.9. I don t like_(some) sugar in the tea.10. I like dessert so I don t like to

19、drink coffee_(with) sugar.1-5 ACACC1. much 2. to cut 3. Maki ng 4. Add 5. juice 6. watermel ons 7. noodles 8. are 9. any 10. without鞏固提高1. 我們需要兩茶匙蜂蜜。We n eed two_ of hon ey.2. 在頂上放上另外一片面包。Put ano ther slice of bread_.A. make2.1 n eed two_.A. teaspo on of honeyC. teaspo ons of honeyB. makesC. doD. do

20、ingB. teaspo ons of honeysD. teaspo on of hon eysA. How ma nyB. How muchC. How old4. First put some salt on the water and the n_ .A. Mix them upB. Mix up themC. Mix it up5. Here is a recipe_ Super chicke n San dwich.A. atB. inC. forD. How ofte nD. Mix up itD. on3. 你想要多少橙汁？一杯。_ orange do you want? On

21、e cup.4. 這是一份制作草莓冰激凌的食譜。Here is a_strawberry ice cream.5. 你需要幾茶匙黃油？_teaspo ons of butter do you n eed?連詞組句6. do, make, beef, and, no odles, how, you, tomato,_?7. cut, up, the, gree n, onions, and, put, them, on, the, pan cake8. you, like, cabbage, beef, dumpli ngs, would, some, and,9. many, of , do,

22、 how, want, cup, coffee, you,_ ?10. turn, off, the, TV, before, you, go, to, bed,1. teaspo ons 2. on, the, top 3. How, much 4. recipe, for 5. How, many6. How do you make beef and tomato no odles?7 Cut up the gree n onions and put them on the pan cake.8. Would you like some cabbage and beef dumpli ng

23、s?9. How many cups of coffee do you want?10. Turn off the TV before you go to bed.學(xué)當(dāng)堂檢珮一、單項(xiàng)選擇（共 15 小題；共 15.0 分）1. - What do you n eed to make the tomato no odles?_ onion and _ tomato, please.A.A; aB.An; anC.A; anD.2. Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy .A.food

24、B.waterC.pearD.3. - _ do you make fruit salad?-First, cut up the apples, bananas and pears. And the n.A. WhenB. WhereC. WhyD.4. - What did you eat for breakfast this morning?-Two _ and some vegetables.An; acarrotHowC.pieces of chicke n5. - _ water do we need to make the soup?-Three cups.A.How manyB.

25、How muchC.How longD.How soon6.Its dark（暗的）in the room.Pleasethe light.A.turn onB.turn upC.turn dow nD.turn off7.exercise every day, my son. Its good for your health. Dad ofte n said to himA.TakesB.Taki ngC.TakeD.To take8.We must cutthe tomatoes and put themthe ble nder.A.off; inB.up; intoC.dow n; in

26、toD.over; in9.-Can 1 help you, sir?- Yeah, but I dont knowa banana milk shake. Maybe you can teach me.A.what to doB.whe n to make C.how to makeD.why to do10.-Tom, supper is ready- I dont want to eat,Mum. Im not feeling well.A.everyth ingB.nothingC.somethi ngD.anything11.-How did you celebrate your f

27、athers birthday yesterday?- We celebrated ita big dinner in a restaura nt.A.haveB.to haveC.by havi ngD.to hav ing12.You may fill the turkeythese bread pieces.A.inB.byC.withD.to13. - There _ little yogurt in the fridge（冰箱）.Could you buy some for me, Dick?-All right, Mom.A. isB. areC. amD. have二、完形填空（

28、共 10 小題；共 15.0 分）Pizza is a kind of popular food. It _16_ from Italy. The pizza capital of the world isNaples. The worlds first pizza _ 17_ is still there. It _18_ in 1830. Thebest pizza of today has a（n） _19_ history. It was first made by a person _20_ Raffaele Esposito in the 1880s. This pizza has

29、 the same _21_ as the Italianflag. The Italia n flag is red, white and _ 22_. The pizza has red tomatoes, white cheese andA.chickenB.piece of chicke n14. Here _ two cups A. is; ofB. is; in15. Lets make tomato and beef k for you. Help yourself please.C. are; ofD. are; inA.Sounds goodC.That

30、s rightB.Youre welcomeD.Dont worrygree n herbs.There are many different kinds of pizza today. We can _23_ chicken pizza,vegetable pizza, etc. in the restaura nt. Some pizza has tomatoes, and some pizza_24you want.tomatoes. Most pizza is round,25some isnt. You can choose any kind16.A.comeB.comesC.are

31、D.am17.A.theaterB.clubC.trainD.restaura nt18.A.ope nsB.turns onC.openedD.tur ned on19.A.longB.shortC.excitedD.bori ng20.A.n ameB.n amesC.n amedD.naming21.A.colorsB.shapeC.timeD.recipe22.A.blackB.blueC.yellowD.gree n23.A.orderB.makeC.doD.sell24.A.hasB.does nt haveC.isD.is nt25.A.orB.soC.butD.because三

32、、閱讀與表達(dá)(判斷式)(共 5 小題；共 10.0 分)Erica is a twelve-year-old girl. She can make delicious no odles. Here is her recipe for no odles. Try it andtaste for yourself!Soup In gredie nts:one cup of orange juiceone cup of lem on juiceone teaspo on of honeyOther In gredie nts:noodlessalt3 slices of chicke nsome s

33、trawberries (cut up)some gree n onions (cut up)some lettuce2 slices of cheeseSteps:First, mix the orange juice, lemon juice and honey together. Then you have great soup for use!The n, boil the no odles and add some salt into the water. Put the no odles into cold water.Next, put the noodles in a big

34、bowl! Add the chicken slices, strawberries, green onions and lettuce to the noodles and mix them up. Put the cheese on it.Fin ally, pour the soup into the no odles.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤，正確的為T,錯(cuò)誤的為 F。26. Erica can cook delicious no odles.27. Erica uses four in gredie nts to make the soup.28. Erica does nt use

35、gree n onions or tomatoes to cook the no odles.29. The no odles must be cold.30. The last step to make the no odles is to put the cheese on it.四、閱讀理解（共 5 小題；共 10.0 分）The food in England is very different from our Chinese food. People in England eat a lot of potatoes. Theylike to eat them every day.

36、They eat bread for breakfast and usually for ano ther meal. They eat their bread withbutter, maybe cheese, or jam（果醬）that we dont eat much in China. Cheese and butter are made from milk.People in England drink a lot of milk, too. They drink cold and hot milk, and they put it in their tea, too. They

37、arethe biggest tea drinkers in the world. They like Chinese tea, but they drink mostly strong black tea from India andSri Lanka. They dont eat much rice. For their main meal, they like meat or fish with potatoes and one or twovegetables. After the main meal they often have something sweet. They call

38、 it dessert. They dont have dumplings in En gla nd.31. From the passage we know English food is _ Chinese food.A.always the same asB.nicer tha nC.quite differe nt fromD.worse tha n32. Which of the follow ing isnt En glish peoples favorite?A.Rice and dumpli ngsC.Potatoes and bread33. Most En glish pe

39、ople drink tea from _B.Fish and meatD.Milk and tea35. What do people in En gla nd ofte n eat after the main meal?A.Ch inaC.In dia and Sri Lanka34. We dont eat _A.dumpli ngsC.bread with butterB.AmericaD.Japanmuch in Chi na.B.vegetablesD.riceA. Milk with sugar.C.Strong black tea.D. Fish and meat.五、閱讀與

40、表達(dá)（問答式）（共 5 小題；共 10.0 分）Every one has to eat and drink. But for most people, food is not just a matter of survival（ 生存）.Foodbrings people together when they come to a dinner or a party. One way or another, food is an important part ofyour lifestyle. In the U.S., there are fast food restaura nts, cof

41、fee shops and family restaura nts. When you eatoutside, you n eed to know the eati ng culture.You can find McDonalds and KFC in many countries around the world._ youlook at the menu, and say what you would like to eat._ they give you the food. Thenyou sit down and eat your food there or take it away

42、. There is no need to leave a tip（ 小費(fèi)）.In a coffee shop you can sit at a table. The waiter usually brings you coffee whe n you sit dow n. Then youtell him what you would like to eat and he brings it to you. You pay for the food and drinks when you leave.In a family restaura nt the waiter shows you w

43、here to eat. If you cant eat up all the food, the waiter givesyou a doggy bag （剩菜袋）to take your food home. You add 15% of th單 0 as a tip.任務(wù)一：回答下列問題。36. What will the waiter do after you go into a coffee shop and sit dow n?37. When do people n eed to give a tip in a family restaura nt from the passag

44、e?任務(wù)二：將文中劃線句子譯為漢語。38. _任務(wù)三：在文中、處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使上下文連貫。i._ii._任務(wù)四：給短文擬一個(gè)標(biāo)題。40. _六、單詞拼寫（單句首字母填空）（共 2 小題；共 2.0 分）41. The h_ is too small to plant a tree.42. Its so cold today. I think the t _ must be very low.七、單詞拼寫（根據(jù)中文提示拼寫單詞）（共 3 小題；共 3.0 分）43. This big restaura nt can _（接待）many people every day.44. Do you l

45、ike to eat _ （三明治）?45. Leaves turn yellow and brow n in _ （秋天）.B.Desserts.八、適當(dāng)形式填空（單句適當(dāng)形式）（共 5 小題；共 5.0 分）46. Many _ (travel) come here to fish every day.47. Dumplings are _(tradition) food in China.48. _ (fin al), you may add some salt to the soup.49. Do you have an idea of _ (give) thanks?50. Id l

46、ike two spoons of _(honey).九、翻譯(根據(jù)中文提示完成句子)(共 5 小題；共 5.0 分)51. 請(qǐng)打開電視，今天有場籃球賽。_ the TV, please. There is a basketball match today.52. 籃子里有一些蔬菜，你能把它們切碎嗎？There are some vegetables in the basket. Could you _ them _53. 請(qǐng)你把坑里灌滿水。Please_ the hole _ water.54. 昨天父親買了兩箱酸奶。My father bought _ _ yogurt yesterday

47、.55. 別忘了加一些糖和鹽。Dont forget_ some sugar and salt.十、對(duì)話 7 選 5 (共 5 小題；共 10.0 分)A: 56_B: OK, how do we make it?A: First, cut up some fruits like apples, bananas or a watermel on.B: I like eati ng bananas and apples. How about three apples and three banan as?A: Sure. 57_B: I have a big bowl. Here you are

48、.A: 58_B: How much yogurt do we n eed?A: 59_B: What else do we need?A: Would you like to put some hon ey?B: Oh, a little, please.A: 60_ Do you want to have a taste?B: How delicious!A.Then put some yogurt in the bowl( 碗).B.One spo on is eno ugh.C.How do you make a banana milk shake?D.Lets make fruit

49、salad.E.Fi nally, mix them all up.F.Put the fruits into a bowl.G.How many apples do you n eed?*、適當(dāng)形式填空(短文適當(dāng)形式)(共 10 小題；共 10.0 分)Dear Xiaoxi,Joh n is good at making popcor n, so he 61_(show) me how to make it today. First,he 62._(put) some corn and 63._ (little) sugar into the popcor n mach ine.Then he 64._(tur n) on the popcor n machi ne. After a while, he turned it off and65._(pour) the popcor n out.We 66_ (enjoy) the popcor n whe n it cooled dow n. How delicious it67._(be)! I can 68_ (make) popcor n now. How about69._(your