2018高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一閱讀理解第3講主旨大意題靶向訓(xùn)練

1、專題一閱讀理解第 3 講主旨大意題d：靶向訓(xùn)紡真題演練A（2016 全國卷川，閱讀理解 D）（導(dǎo)學(xué)號 58210008）Bad n ews sells .If it bleeds， it leads.No n ews is good n ews， and good n ews isno news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now thatinformation is being spread and monitored（監(jiān)控）in differentways

2、，researchers are discovering new rules.By trackingpeoples e mails and onlineposts , scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sobstories.“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media ,” says Jonah Berger , a scholar at theUniversityof Pennsylvania.“ They wan

3、t your eyeballs and dont care how yourefeeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how theyreact.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers an alyz ing word of mouth com muni cati on e mails , Web posts andreviews , face to face conversations fou

4、nd that it tended to be more positive than n egative（ 消極的）,but that did nt n ecessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive newsshared more often simply because people experieneed more goodthings than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at howpeople spread a parti

5、cular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The NewYork Times website .He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e mailed ” list for six mon ths.One of hisfirst findings was that articles in the scie nee sect ion weremuch more likely to make the list than non scienee articles.He found that

6、scienee amazed Timesreaders and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or thatin spired n egative feeli ngs like an ger or an xiety, but not articles that left themmerely sad.They needed to be aroused （激發(fā)）one way o

7、r the other , and they preferred good news2to bad.The more positive an article , the more likely it was to be shared ,as Dr.Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious : Why Things Catch On. ”【語篇解讀】人們常說“沒有消息就是最好的消息”，類似的傳統(tǒng)說法只適合于大眾 媒體。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)普及的時代，好消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的傳播速度比壞消息要快很多。32 What do the classic rules mention

8、ed in the text apply to?A News reports.B Research papers.C Private e mails.D Daily conversations.解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ Theif it bleeds rule works for mass media ”可知，像“ if it bleeds ”這樣的傳統(tǒng)說法適用于大眾媒體，故選A。答案： A33 What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A Theyre socially inactive.B Theyre good at te

9、lling stories.C Theyre inconsiderate of others.D Theyre careful with their words.解析： 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ .You care a lot more how they react ”可知， 你非常在乎朋友聽完你講的故事后的反應(yīng)， 根據(jù)本段“ You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被當(dāng)作一個DebbieDowne”，說明指的是一個不為他人考慮的人”，故選C。答案： C34Which tended to be the most

10、emailed according to Dr.Bergers research?A Sports news.B Science articles.C Personal accounts.D Financial reviews.解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ .articles in the science section were muchmore likely to makethe list than nonscience articles”可知，科技類的文章比非科技類的更有可能被人們討論，故選B。答案： B 35.What can be a suitable title for the

11、 text?A Sad Stories Travel Far and WideB Online News Attracts More People3C Reading Habits Change with the TimesD Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks解析： 標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段“ By tracking peoples e mails and online posts ， scientistshave found that good news can spread faster and farther than disastersand

12、sob stor ies. ”可知，好消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播得更快，影響更深遠(yuǎn)；說明文章主要講的是 好消息通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳播，故選D答案：DB（2016 全國卷I,閱讀理解D）The meaning of silenee varies amongculturalgroups.Silences may be thoughtful ,or they may be empty whe n a pers on has nothing to say.A sile nee in a con versati on may also showstubbor nn ess, un eas in ess , or worr

13、y.Sile nee may be viewed by somecultural groups as extremely uncomfortable ; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（ 間隙）with con versati on .Pers ons in othercultural groups valuesile neeand view it as n ecessary for un dersta nding a pers ons n eeds.Many Native America ns value sile nee a

14、nd feel it is a basic part of com muni cati ng amongpeople , just as some traditional Chinese and Thaipersons do.Therefore ,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops , what may be implied（ 暗示）is that the pers on wants the liste ner to con sider what has bee n said befor

15、e continuing.ln thesecultures, silenee is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use sile nee in other ways, particularly whe n deali ng withcon flicts among people or in relati on ships of people with differe nt amounts of power.For example ,Russian, French , and Spanish persons may use silenee t

16、o show agreement between parties aboutthe topic underdiscussion.However , Mexicans mayuse sile nee whe n in struct ions are give n by a pers on in authority rather tha n be rude to that pers onby arguing with him or hern still ano ther use, pers ons inAsia n cultures may view sile nee as a sig nof r

17、espect , particularly to an elder ora pers on in authority.Nurses and other care givers n eed to be aware of the possible meanings ofsilenee when they come across the personal anxiety their patientsmay beexperie ncin g.Nurses should recog nize their own pers onal and cultural con struct ion of sile

18、nee sothat a patie nts sile nee is not in terrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.Anurse4who understands the healing（治愈）value of silenee canuse this un dersta nding to assist in the care of patie nts from their own and from other cultures.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同內(nèi)涵。32. What do

19、es the author say about silenee in conversations?A.It implies an ger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture specific.D.It is content based.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章首段首句The meaning of silenee varise amongcultural groups ”和下文給出的例子可知，作者認(rèn)為沉默是有文化特性的。答案：C33. Which of the following people might regard silenee as a c

20、all for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russia ns.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知許多美國本土人，一些傳統(tǒng)的中國人以及泰國人認(rèn)為談話時人們沉默是在思考。答案：A34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silenee?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to pa

21、tients.D. Make use of its healing effects.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value ofsile nee can use this un dersta nding to assist in the care of patie nts.” 可知，作者建議護(hù)士要用沉默來治療病人。故選Do答案：D 35.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SileneeB.What It Means to Be SilentC. Sil

22、e nee to Native America nsD. Speech Is Silver ; Silenee Is Gold5解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要介紹了在不同文化背景下談話期間的沉默的不同含義，由此判斷 B 選項(xiàng)可以概括文章內(nèi)容。故選Bo答案：BC（2015 廣東卷，閱讀理解 C）（導(dǎo)學(xué)號 58210009）Daniel Anderson ,afamous psychologist , believes its important to distinguish televisi ons in fluences on childre n from those of the family.

23、We tend to blame TV,he says, for problems it does nt really cause, overlook ing our own roles in shap ing childre ns min ds.One traditi onal belief about televisi on is that it reduces a childs abilityto think and to understand the world.While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words andimag

24、es（影像）.In stead , they lear n both explicit and hidde n meanings from what they see.Actually ,children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore , as many teachers agree ,children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explainingnewwords and ideas.Yet , most pare

25、ntsuse aneducati onal program as a cha nee to park their kids in front of the set and do someth ing in ano therroom.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form ofentertainment.But according to Anderson , the amount of time spent watching televisi on is not relatedto rea

26、di ng ability.TV does nt take the place of readi ngfor most children ；t takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listeningto the radio and play ing sports.Thi ngs like pare nts educati onal backgro und havea stron ger in flue nee on a childs read ing.“ A childs readi ng ability is bes

27、tpredicted by how much a pare nt reads , ” An ders on says.Traditi onal wisdom also has it that heavy televisi on watch ing lowers IQ （ 智商）scores and affects school performance.But here, too , Anderson notes that nostudies have proved it.ln fact , reasearch suggests that its the other way around. “I

28、f youre smartyoung , youll watch less TV when youre older, ” Andersonsays.Yet , people of lower IQ tend to be life long televisi on viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that televisi on is dan gerous tochildren.However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effect

29、sas conven ti on ally believed, An ders on suggests that televisi on cannot be condemned6without con sideri ng other in flue nces.【語篇解讀】本文為議論文，題材為社會生活類。傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為，看電視會對孩子思維能力的培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的影響，還會讓孩子遠(yuǎn)離閱讀。 而著名心理學(xué)家安德森對此提出了不同的看法。36. By watching TV ， children learn_ .A.images through wordsB.more than explicit meanin

30、gsC. more about images than wordsD. little about peoples psychology解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“ In stead , they lear n both explicit and hidden meaningsfrom what they see. ”可知答案為 B 項(xiàng)。答案：B37. An educational program is best watched by a child_ .A. on his ownB. with other kidsC. with his parentsD. with his teach

31、ers解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句Furthermore , as many teachers agree , childrenunderstand far more when parents watch TV with them , explainingnewwords and ideas.可以推斷出答案為 C 項(xiàng)。答案：C38.Which of the f ollowing is most related to childrens reading ability?A. Radio listening.B.Television watching.C. Parents readi

32、ng list.D. Parents educational background.解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Thingslike parentseducationalbackgro und have a stron ger in flue nee on a childs readi ng.”可知答案為 D 項(xiàng)。答案：D39._ Anderson believes that.A.the more a child watches TV, the smarter he isB.the younger a child is , the more he watches TVC.the

33、smarter a child is , the less likely he gets addicted to TV7D.the less a child watches TV, the better he performsat school解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第四句安德森所說If youre smart you ng, youll watch less TVwhen youre older，” 可以推斷出答案為 C 項(xiàng)。答案：C 4O.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To advise on the educational

34、use of TV.B. To describe TVs harmful effects on children.C.To explain traditi onal views on TV in flue nces.D. To present Andersons unconventional ideas.解析：主旨大意題。整篇文章講述的都是安德森關(guān)于看電視對孩子的影響所提出的非傳 統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)。故選 D 項(xiàng)。答案： D 模擬演練 A（2017 湘潭一中等六校聯(lián)考）After the earthquake had stopped, when the rescuers reached the ruin

35、s of a young womanshouse, they saw her dead body through the cracks.But her pose was somehow strange that she knelton her knees like a person was worshiping（ 做禮拜 ） ； her body was leaning forward, and her twohands were supported by an object.The collapsed house had crashed her back and her head.With

36、so many difficulties, the leader of the rescue team put his hand through a narrow gap on thewall to reach the womans body.He was hoping that this woman could be still alive.However, the coldand stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure.He and the rest of the team left this house and were

37、 going to search the next collapsedbuilding.For some reasons, the team leader was driven by compelling force to go back to the ruinedhouse of the dead woman.Again, he knelt down and used his hand through the narrow cracks to searchthe little space under the dead body.Suddenly, he screamed with excit

38、ement，“ A child!There is a child！”The whole team worked together ； carefully they removed the piles of ruined objects around thedead woman.There was a 3 month old little boy wrapped in aflowery blanket under his mothers dead body.Obviously, the woman had made a sacrifice for savingher son.When her h

39、ouse was falling, she used her body to make a cover to protect her son.The little boywas still sleeping peacefully when the team leader picked him up.8The medical doctor came quickly to exam the little boy.After he opened the blanket, he saw a cellphone.There was a text message on the screen.It said

40、 ，“ If you can survive, you must remember thatI love you.” This cell phone was passingaround from one hand to another.Everybody that read the message wept. “ If you can survive ，youmust remember that I love you. ”Such is the mothers love for her child !【語篇解讀】 本文為記敘文。 作者講述了一個感人的真實(shí)故事。 在地震中一位普通而 又偉大的母親

41、在危難時刻為自己的孩子開辟了一條生命通道， 她把死留了自己， 把生留給了 自己的孩子。1 Why did the leader of the rescue team decide to leave the house?A He didnt notice the woman.B He knew the woman was dead.C He left to ask for help.D The gap was too narrow for his hand to get through.解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“ However， the cold and stiff bod

42、y told him thatshe had passed away for sure. ”及第三段第一句“ He and the rest of the team left this house andwere going to search the next collapsed building. ”可知答案 為 B 項(xiàng)。答案： B2 The reason why the woman died in such a strange pose was that_ A she tried to protect her baby with her own bodyB the earthquake

43、happened when she was worshipingC her knees were severely injuredD her hands were supported by an object解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“ Obviously ，the womanhad madea sacrifice for savingher son.When her house was falling， she used her body to make a coverto protect her son. ”可知答案為 A 項(xiàng)。答案： A 3.What can be the be

44、st title for the passage?A A strange pose in the ruinsB A mothers love in the ruinsC A rescue teams struggleDA heart breaking scene解析： 主旨大意題。 本文講述了地震中的一位母親用自己的生命保護(hù)了自己的孩子， 由 此可見本文的最佳題目為：廢墟里的母愛。故答案為 B 項(xiàng)。答案： B9B（2017 濟(jì)寧高三模擬）（導(dǎo)學(xué)號 58210010）Giving Mary Poppinss magic umbrella some serious competition is t

45、he all hightech “Oombrella ” not only can it predict the weather ， its also impossible to lose.The smartumbrella syncs（ 同步進(jìn)行 ）with a smartphone app，sending users updates about weather conditions30 minutes in advance ，and reminders if they happen to leave the device behind.And heres the addedbonus it

46、 wont ever flip inside out.Designed by French company Wezzoo ，the rainbow colored umbrella comes in twoversions classic and moder n. The classic is 3.1ft long with a curved han die , while the modern version is 0.8ft long with a straight han dle.The compa ny describes the device as a portable weathe

47、r station, made of a reflective surface with builtin sensors that record real time data such as light, humidity , pressure , andtemperature.The umbrella collects and processes this data as well as in formatio n from a social mediacommunity before sending out alerts about when its going to start rai

48、ning.And if the user happens to accidentally forget it at home on a potentiallyrainyday, or leaves it in a restaura nt , similar alerts will be sent out using GPStech no logy to make sure youdont lose it.“ Wewanted to make this umbrella unforgettable in terms of design ,too，” explains Alexandre ,of

49、Escabo design studio. “We developed an exclusive material.It makes you feel you are holding anaurora borealis(北極光)in your hands.lt has effectsthat are amaz ing with the light and always cha nging.lt really makes the umbrella special. ” The capsule that i ntegrates all the tech no logy, maki ng the u

50、mbrellasmart , is located in the handle.The umbrella is all set to hit globalonlineand physical stores thisfall.Accordingto a company spokesperson , it will retail at 79 ($86) , but the earlybird price on Kickstarter is 59 ($64) . For those who are rather attached to theircurrent umbrellas, the comp

51、any will also release an Oombrella capsule that cantransform any umbrella into a smart device.Now, if only it could make us fly likeMary Popp ins!【語篇解讀】 文章介紹一種新型的智能雨傘，它既可以提醒用戶要下雨了，還能防止丟失。 4.What does Paragraph 1 main ly tell us about Oombrella?10A.Its special design.B. Its working principle.C. Its f

52、unctions.D. Its structure.解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的句子not only can itpredict the weatherits also impossible to lose.A ndheres the added bonus it wont ever flipin sideout. ”可知，第一段主要介紹Oombrella 的功能。故選 C。答案：C5. Which of the followi ng best shows how Oombrella works?A. collect -process recordpredictB.process - -

53、record collectpredict11C.record collect process predictD.record process collect predict解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段made of a reflective surface with built in sensors that recordreal time data such as light , humidity , pressure , and temperature.The umbrella collects andprocesses this data as well as in formati

54、o n from a social media community before sending out alertsabout when its going tostart raining. ”可知，Oombrella 先記錄信息，再收集、處理，最后預(yù)測天氣。故選C。答案：C6. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Oombrella is already on sale.B. Early buyers of Oombrella will save money.C. Its impossible to turn an ordinary u

55、mbrella into a smart one.D. Oombrella is a magic device that can make us fly.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子“According to a company spokesperson ,it will retailab 79 ($86) , but the early bird price on Kickstarter is，59 ($64).”可知，Oombrella 的早期購買者可以省些錢。故選B。答案：B 7.Whats the purpose of the author writi ng the pas

56、sage?A. To introduce readers a new type of umbrella.B. To show readers how to predict the weather.C. To remind readers to take an umbrella at any time.D. To persuade readers to buy the high tech umbrella.解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的句子Givi ng Ma ny Poppi nss magic umbrellatech Oombrella ”可知，文章是介紹一種新型的傘。故選A答案：A（

57、2017 南昌十校聯(lián)考）the worlds population lived in cities.Onlyoneover a million.Mostpeople lived in rural areas ,and the worlds ten largest cities all had2000 ,the number of city dwellers exceeded threebillion;and in 2008, the worlds population crossed a tippingpoint more than halfof the people on Earth liv

58、ed in cities.By 2050, that could in crease to over twosome serious competition is the all highIn 1800, only three percent ofcity Beijing had a populatio n ofand n ever saw a city in their lives .In 1900,just a hundred years later,roughly150 milli on people lived in citiespopulati onsexceedi ng one m

59、illi on .By12thirds.Clearly , humans have become an urban species.In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many people viewed cities negativelycrowded, dirty environments full of disease and crime.They feared that as cities got bigger , livingconditionswouldworsen.lnrecent decades , however ,attitudes

60、have changed.Many expe rts now think urbanization （ 城市化）is good news, offeringsolutions to the problems of Earths growing population.Harvard econo mist Edward Glaeser ,author ofTriumph of the City,is one suchperson.Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absenee of space betweenp