英文修辭 詳解Rhetorical_Devices

1、Rhetorical DevicesexamplesMetaphor Greece was the cradle of western culture. Mary was trapped in the net of lies. Learning is climbing up the mountain. His voice thundered in his office. Some books are to be tasted, some to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. Simile He regards me a

2、s a thorn in his flesh. Her eyes are as blue as the sea. He is like a brave lion. Habit may be likened to a cable; every day we weave a thread, and soon we cannot break it. He has no more ideas of money than a cow.Metonymy轉(zhuǎn)喻轉(zhuǎn)喻,換喻換喻 The pen is mightier than the sword. The kettle is boiling. What you

3、learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. Her heart ruled over her head. The gray hair should be respected by the society. He is another Shylock. Synecdoche提喻提喻 局部整體；抽象具體； 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)；原料成品 She has got five mouths to feed. Aunt Melissa is my admiration. Drawing is his bread and butter. Australia beat C

4、anada at cricket. Where did you buy this cotton ? His death made our team lose a strong arm.Personification The wave is kissing the shore near the cliff. The hall applauded for his wonderful speech. The house was cold, closed, and unfriendly. The sun stretches its warmth across the land. I think the

5、 machine is being uncooperative. Walls have ears.Hyperbole She is starving. Maggie smiles and the whole world is happy. I have tried millions of times but it did not work. We have not met you for ages. This box weighs a ton. The movie almost scared us to death.Irony I lost my wallet and the key to t

6、he apartment last night. Was I lucky enough? She is as slender in the middle as a cow in the waist. It must be delightful to find yourself in a strange city without a cent in your pocket. What a nice and warm day today? (Actually, its cold and cloudy. ) Antithesis To err is human; to forgive, divine

7、. Love is an ideal thing, and marriage a real thing. It is easy to say, but hard to do. I agree that it is legal， but I wonder if it is moral. Speech is silver, silence gold.pun We must all hang together, or we shall hang separately. You will go nuts for the nuts you get in Nux. Seven days without w

8、ater makes one weak. What do lawyers do when they die? Lie still. Whats wrong with this fish? Long time no sea (see). What flower does everybody have on the face? Everybody has tulips ( two lips) on the face.Rhetorical question Who knows? ( No one knows.) What is the use of it? ( It is useless.) Can

9、 a man be too cruel to his mothers enemy? (A man can not be too cruel to his mothers enemy.) And who among us is without faults? ( All of us have faults.) Are you dreaming to change your own future? Why not try? ( You may have a try.) How can I forget all these? ( I cant forget all these.) Paralleli

10、sm 1) Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 2) Thinking logically, speaking eloquently and writing explicitly are important elements of good communication. 3) From my observation, many people today spend their time receiving education, working more and more hours, and making more and

11、 more money. 4) The research shows that translation problems are primarily language problems, that the translator must have a good command of both languages, and that a translator weak in any language must upgrade it. 5) Anne is a person of poor understanding, little information, and uncertain tempe

12、rament.Repetition 1) Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future. 2) We long for success and we are working hard for success 3) I am convinced that we can succeed, and I am convinced that we must succeed.

13、4) We are now living in a new era, and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.Euphemism She is resting in peace forever. His wife now needs to eat for two. She is feeling her own age now. More attention must be paid to the underachievers in the class. One of the kids wrote four-l

14、etter words in his composition. Transferred Epithet移位修飾法 這是英語語言學(xué)分支修辭學(xué)的一種重要的修辭手法。它將描寫甲事物性狀的詞語移來描寫乙事物的性狀。 1、 形容詞由指人轉(zhuǎn)移到指物，即從具有某種特性的人轉(zhuǎn)到與這種特性相關(guān)的物 The enemy fled in a blind haste. Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed, smiling attention. a happy day; sleepy language; a smiling reply; a wise choice; cold fac

15、ts; trembling terror; blood money; angry brow 怒容; a fiery temper; nervous hours 2、 形容詞由指物轉(zhuǎn)移到指人 He is a straightforward person. My father is a solemn scholar of physicsOnomatopoeia擬聲詞 Onomatopoeia is the formation of words to imitate natural sounds. The buzz of a bee, the hoot of an owl, and the fizz

16、 of soda water are examples of words created from the natural sound. 各類物體的響聲: 聲音名稱 響聲 英文英文1、金屬磕碰聲 當(dāng)啷 clank, clang2、形容金屬的響聲 當(dāng)當(dāng) rattle3、金屬、瓷器連續(xù)撞擊聲 丁零當(dāng)啷 jingle, jangle, cling-clang4、鼓聲、敲門聲 咚咚 rub-a dub ,rat-tat, rat-a-tat5、脆響的（關(guān)門）聲 吧嗒 click6、敲打木頭聲 梆梆 rat-tat，rat-at7、重物落下聲 咕咚 thud, splash, plump8、東西傾倒聲

17、嘩啦 crash, clank9、風(fēng)吹動樹枝葉聲 颯颯 sough, rustle10、樹枝等折斷聲 嘎巴 crack, snap 11、不大的寒風(fēng)聲 瑟瑟 rustle12、踩沙子、飛沙擊物或風(fēng)吹草木 沙沙、颯颯 rustle13、飛機(jī)螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)動 呼呼 whirr14、雨點(diǎn)敲擊房頂 噼里啪啦 patter15、水流動聲 拔拉 splash, gurgle16、物體受壓 嘎吱 creak 喀嚓 crack. snap17、溪水、泉水流動聲 潺潺 murmur, babble, purl18、液體、沸騰、水流涌出或大口喝水聲 咕嘟 babble, gurgle19、重物落地聲 撲通 flop,

18、thump, splash, pit-a-pat20、笑聲、水、氣擠出聲 撲哧 titter, snigger, fizz21、雷聲、爆炸聲、機(jī)器聲 隆隆 hum, rumble, roll22、汽笛或喇叭聲 嗚嗚 toot, hoot, zoom23、油在鍋里 滋滋 sizzle24、鞭炮爆炸聲 噼啪 pop25、腳踏樓板聲 登登 clumpOxymoron 矛盾修飾法 A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mo

19、urnful optimist. E.g.: sound of silence, a true lie, victorious defeat, falsely true, sweet sadness， much ado about nothing. 所謂矛盾修辭法(Oxymoron)是指將語義截然相反對立的詞語放在一起使用，來揭示某一項(xiàng)事物矛盾性質(zhì)的一種修辭手法。換言之，它使用兩種不相協(xié)調(diào)，甚至截然相反的特征來形容一項(xiàng)事物，以增強(qiáng)語言感染力。在閱讀理解解碼過程中，矛盾修辭法可以產(chǎn)生出兩種強(qiáng)烈的修辭效果 Oxymoron第一，出人意料出人意料。由于兩部分語義相互矛盾，合并使用有悖常理，所以矛盾修

20、辭強(qiáng)烈碰撞讀者的神經(jīng)思維，起到意想不到，啟發(fā)思維的作用，為進(jìn)一步深化理解奠定了基礎(chǔ)。例如英語的cruel kindness,漢語的“真實(shí)的謊言”和“甜美的復(fù)仇”便是矛盾修辭法的具體表現(xiàn)。讀到上述那樣的矛盾詞語組合讀者肯定會有出乎意料的感覺。第二，引人入勝引人入勝。矛盾詞語的沖擊會激發(fā)讀者進(jìn)一步深化理解的欲望。在仔細(xì)推敲這種看似矛盾的語言表達(dá)之后，讀者會發(fā)現(xiàn)矛盾修辭法所表示的語義矛盾不僅符合邏輯，而且使文章更加形象生動，意蘊(yùn)豐富且深刻。 Alliteration押頭韻押頭韻 Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in

21、 two or more neighboring words or syllables. Also known as: initial rhyme E.g.: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. the wild winds of winter Analogy 類比類比 An analogy is in the form a is to b as c is to d. In other words the relationship of a to b is analogous or similar to that of c to d. For example: A cap is to a bottle as a lid is to a jar. Appropriate praise to a child is what t