《免疫學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識》

1、Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training1基基 礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ) 知知 識識培訓(xùn)手冊培訓(xùn)手冊2008版僅供內(nèi)部培訓(xùn)使用Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training2目錄目錄1. 感染與疾病感染與疾病介紹介紹5病毒病毒10細菌細菌19流行病學(xué)流行病學(xué)31抗擊傳染性疾病抗擊傳染性疾病392. 免疫免疫48先天性免疫先天性免疫51后天性免疫后天性免疫55抗體介導(dǎo)免疫抗體介導(dǎo)免疫64細胞介導(dǎo)免疫細胞介導(dǎo)免疫77免疫病理學(xué)免疫病理學(xué)843. 疫苗學(xué)疫苗學(xué)被動和主動免疫被動和主動免疫 93 疫苗種類疫苗

2、種類101疫苗檢測疫苗檢測116疫苗的使用疫苗的使用129Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training3感染與疾病感染與疾病Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training41. 感染與疾病感染與疾病什么引起感染什么引起感染?感染如何引起疾病感染如何引起疾病?什么時候感染引起疾病什么時候感染引起疾病?1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz on

3、eVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training5介紹介紹1.1 Introduction The problem Some statistics A changing scene1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one乙肝病毒乙肝病毒白日咳桿菌白日咳桿菌麻疹病毒麻疹病毒破傷風桿菌破傷風桿菌白喉桿菌白喉桿菌Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training6在在20世紀末引

4、起死亡的病因世紀末引起死亡的病因01020304050全部百分比全部百分比其它其它新生兒與新生兒與圍產(chǎn)期圍產(chǎn)期感染性疾病感染性疾病循環(huán)系統(tǒng)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病疾病腫瘤腫瘤呼吸系統(tǒng)呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病疾病全球全球工業(yè)化國家工業(yè)化國家發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展中國家感染性疾病的問題感染性疾病的問題1.1 Introduction The problem Some statistics A changing scene1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingV

5、accines Product Training7一些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字一些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字1.1 Introduction The problem Some statistics A changing scene1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one1975-1999年報告的脊灰病例年報告的脊灰病例20 00040 00060 000197519801985199019952000Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training8一些統(tǒng)計

6、數(shù)字一些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字1975-1999年全球疫苗接種覆蓋率年全球疫苗接種覆蓋率100%80%60%40%20%198019851990199520001.1 Introduction The problem Some statistics A changing scene1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneMeaslesDTPBCGVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training9正在變化的情況正在變化的情況挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn):新的感

7、染性疾病老的傳染病死灰復(fù)燃耐藥傳染病向新領(lǐng)域的播散在控制不利地區(qū)傳染病的播散1.1 Introduction The problem Some statistics A changing scene1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training10病毒病毒本章涉及的題目是本章涉及的題目是:病毒的結(jié)構(gòu)與分類病毒如何復(fù)制病毒如何引起疾病一些重要病毒和它們引起的疾病1.1 Introduc

8、tion1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training11一般描述一般描述病毒外膜病毒外膜(蛋白蛋白,糖蛋白糖蛋白 或脂蛋白或脂蛋白)衣殼衣殼(蛋白蛋白)病毒核心病毒核心(D

9、NA或或RNA)1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training12分類分類DNARNA單鏈單鏈雙鏈雙鏈病毒外膜病毒外膜甲肝病毒甲肝病毒脊灰病毒

10、脊灰病毒流感病毒流感病毒麻疹病毒麻疹病毒腮腺炎病毒腮腺炎病毒風疹病毒風疹病毒皰疹病毒皰疹病毒乙肝病毒乙肝病毒1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Tr

11、aining13復(fù)制復(fù)制1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training14復(fù)制復(fù)制1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses Ge

12、neral description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training15病毒與疾病病毒與疾病病毒能夠病毒能夠:損害和摧毀細胞例如 流感干擾細胞生長例如 先天性風疹, 腫瘤激活免疫反應(yīng)來摧毀被感染細胞例如 甲型肝炎1.1 In

13、troduction1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training16病毒感染的特征病毒感染的特征局部局部例如例如 流感流感, 輪狀病毒輪狀病毒病毒在入口處復(fù)制病毒在入口處復(fù)

14、制在感染的在感染的1-3 天出現(xiàn)局部癥狀和天出現(xiàn)局部癥狀和體征體征全身全身例如例如 麻疹麻疹病毒通過全身播散病毒通過全身播散 感染器官和組織感染器官和組織在在1-3周出現(xiàn)全身癥狀和體征周出現(xiàn)全身癥狀和體征1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz

15、 oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training17一些重要的病毒一些重要的病毒甲肝甲肝乙肝乙肝賀福立適賀福立適 (雙福立適, Hepatyrix)安在時安在時 (雙福立適, Tritanrix & Infanrix combos)病毒病毒疾病疾病GSK 疫苗疫苗 麻疹麻疹 腮腺炎腮腺炎 風疹風疹普祥立適普祥立適 (Rimevax, Eolarix)普祥立適普祥立適普祥立適普祥立適(Ervevax, Eolarix)1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses General description Classifi

16、cation Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training18一些重要的病毒一些重要的病毒病毒病毒 疾病疾病GSK VACCINE(S)水痘水痘 流感流感 脊灰脊灰威可檬威可檬福祿立適福祿立適, Influsplit, AlpharixPolio Sabin(Inf

17、anrix combos)1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training19細菌細菌本章涉及的題目是本章涉及的題目是:細菌的結(jié)構(gòu)和分類細菌如何

18、繁殖細菌如何引起疾病一些重要細菌和它們引起的疾病1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training20一般描述一般描述細胞壁細胞壁基因物質(zhì)基

19、因物質(zhì)(DNA)核糖體核糖體胞漿胞漿細胞膜細胞膜1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training21結(jié)構(gòu)與分類結(jié)構(gòu)與分類鞭毛鞭毛纖毛纖毛莢

20、膜莢膜1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training22革蘭氏陰性革蘭氏陰性外膜外膜結(jié)構(gòu)與分類結(jié)構(gòu)與分類細胞壁細胞壁革蘭氏陽性革蘭氏陽性

21、肽聚糖肽聚糖細胞漿膜細胞漿膜1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training23結(jié)構(gòu)與分類結(jié)構(gòu)與分類細菌細胞形態(tài)細菌細胞形態(tài)形態(tài)形態(tài)名稱名

22、稱例如例如螺旋體螺旋體螺旋體螺旋體百日咳百日咳球桿菌球桿菌鏈球菌鏈球菌肺炎鏈球菌肺炎鏈球菌腦膜炎球菌腦膜炎球菌 球菌球菌白喉白喉破傷風破傷風流感嗜血桿菌流感嗜血桿菌桿菌桿菌1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines

23、Product TrainingVaccines Product Training24繁殖繁殖二分裂法二分裂法1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Produc

24、t Training25芽孢芽孢形成形成出芽出芽1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training26細菌與疾病細菌與疾病細菌引起的疾病細菌

25、引起的疾病:通過入侵有能力在體內(nèi)繁殖和快速播散通過產(chǎn)生外毒素在生長中分泌蛋白，通常有特定作用通過產(chǎn)生內(nèi)毒素當細菌細胞死亡時釋放屬于非專一作用1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product Training

26、Vaccines Product Training27細菌性疾病細菌性疾病細菌性疾病可以有細菌性疾病可以有:特殊的臨床癥狀典型的臨床體征非特殊的臨床癥狀臨床特征依賴于感染部位，而不是感染細菌不同細菌可以產(chǎn)生同樣癥狀1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious dise

27、ase Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training28細菌性疾病細菌性疾病特定感染的潛伏期特定感染的潛伏期出現(xiàn)癥狀前的天數(shù)出現(xiàn)癥狀前的天數(shù)0510152025感染感染霍亂霍亂白喉白喉白日咳白日咳傷寒熱傷寒熱萊姆病萊姆病1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Ep

28、idemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training29一些重要的細菌一些重要的細菌細菌細菌疾病疾病GSK 疫苗疫苗白喉白喉破傷風破傷風百日咳百日咳英芬立適英芬立適,Infanrix combos,Tritanrix,Tritanrix combos,BoostrixDitanrix and Tanrix1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Mu

29、ltiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training30一些重要的細菌一些重要的細菌細菌細菌疾病疾病GSK 疫苗疫苗Hib 疾病疾病傷寒熱傷寒熱腦膜炎腦膜炎賀新立適賀新立適 (and combos)Typherix (Hepatyrix)Mencevax range1.1 Introd

30、uction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training31流行病學(xué)流行病學(xué)本章涉及的題目是本章涉及的題目是:感染來源感染傳播一些共同問題1.1 Introducti

31、on1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training32感染來源感染來源外源性感染來源于身體之外內(nèi)源性感染來源于身體內(nèi)或身體上1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infec

32、tion Routes of infection Some common terms1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training33感染來源感染來源外源性感染來源外源性感染來源1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms1.5 Combating infectious dise

33、ase Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training34感染來源感染來源內(nèi)源性感染內(nèi)源性感染1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training35感染途徑感染途徑1.1

34、 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training36流行病學(xué)定義流行病學(xué)定義衡量疾病負擔衡量疾病負擔發(fā)病率在特點時期某種疾病的新發(fā)病數(shù)流行率在特定時間點感染的全部數(shù)量患病率在特定時期某種疾病和它的并發(fā)癥的數(shù)量1.1 Introduction1.

35、2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training37流行病學(xué)定義流行病學(xué)定義死亡率的衡量死亡率的衡量病死率在特定時間由某種疾病致死的數(shù)量病例死亡率由某種疾病致死的百分比1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiolo

36、gy Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training38流行病學(xué)定義流行病學(xué)定義地方性流行地方性流行流行流行病病 例例 數(shù)數(shù) 量量1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common

37、terms1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training39抗擊傳染性疾病抗擊傳染性疾病本章涉及的題目是本章涉及的題目是: 一般措施抗微生物藥物1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases General measures Anti-microbial drugs Resistance Prevention or cure? Va

38、ccination Quiz one藥物治療的問題通過接種預(yù)防Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training40干擾干擾一般措施一般措施感染感染來源來源宿主宿主Route預(yù)防預(yù)防隔離與清除隔離與清除保護保護1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases General measures Anti-microbial drugs Resistance Prevention or cure? Vaccination

39、Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training41能治療能治療:治療很多感染性疾病抗生素抗生素但可以但可以:使用不當和無效有副作用改變?nèi)梭w正常菌群1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases General measures Anti-microbial drugs Resistance Prevention or cure? Vaccination Quiz oneVaccines Produ

40、ct TrainingVaccines Product Training42耐藥問題耐藥問題耐藥性肺炎球菌的傳播首次在西班牙被確認耐藥性肺炎球菌的傳播首次在西班牙被確認Source: Klugman K. South African Institute of Medical Research, from WHO Annual Report 19981.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases General measures Anti-microbial drug

41、s Resistance Prevention or cure? Vaccination Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training43耐藥問題耐藥問題在英國醫(yī)院耐甲氧西林金葡菌在英國醫(yī)院耐甲氧西林金葡菌Source: Reacher WH et al. Br Med J 2000; 320, 213WHO Annual Report 1998010%20%30%8990919293949596971.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Com

42、bating infectious diseases General measures Anti-microbial drugs Resistance Prevention or cure? Vaccination Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training44預(yù)防勝于治療預(yù)防勝于治療更容易更人性化預(yù)防或治療預(yù)防或治療更節(jié)省費用控制疾病更有效1.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases Ge

43、neral measures Anti-microbial drugs Resistance Prevention or cure? Vaccination Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training45免疫接種免疫接種大規(guī)模接種大規(guī)模接種DTPa在瑞典接種在瑞典接種英芬立適英芬立適對百日咳的由影響對百日咳的由影響2000Hallander HO et al. Swedish Inst Inf Control, Report 14 May 1999 19901995Cases of pertussis1985500100

44、015001.1 Introduction1.2 Viruses1.3 Bacteria1.4 Epidemiology1.5 Combating infectious diseases General measures Anti-microbial drugs Resistance Prevention or cure? Vaccination Quiz oneVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training46基礎(chǔ)免疫課程基礎(chǔ)免疫課程免疫免疫Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Trainin

45、g472.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz two2. 免疫什么保護我們免除疾病什么保護我們免除疾病?這個防御機制如何工作這個防御機制如何工作?Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training48介紹2.1 Introduction Invasion and immunity Innate and adapti

46、ve immunity2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz two周圍淋巴組織吞噬細胞淋巴細胞中央淋巴組織 抗體Vaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training49入侵與免疫防御性免疫防御性免疫 限制入侵 確認 摧毀病原菌入侵入侵2.1 Introduction Invasion and immunity Innate and adaptiv

47、e immunity2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training50先天性和后天性免疫先天性免疫先天性免疫 防御第一線 在出生時存在 非特異性后天性免疫后天性免疫 防御第二道防線 學(xué)習(xí) 特異2.1 Introduction Invasion and immunity Innate and ada

48、ptive immunity2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training51先天性免疫本章節(jié)涉及題目有本章節(jié)涉及題目有:物理，化學(xué)和生物屏障天然抗感染物質(zhì)吞噬2.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity Physical, chemical & biologic

49、al barriers Natural anti-infective agents Phagocytosis2.3 Adaptive immunity2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training52物理，化學(xué)和生物屏障 物理屏障 化學(xué)屏障 細菌菌群皮膚皮膚 物理屏障 化學(xué)屏障粘膜粘膜 粘膜 酸堿 細菌菌群消化道消化道 粘膜 纖毛上皮呼吸道呼吸道2.1 Introductio

50、n2.2 Innate immunity Physical, chemical & biological barriers Natural anti-infective agents Phagocytosis2.3 Adaptive immunity2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training53天然抗感染物質(zhì)抗細菌物質(zhì)溶菌酶在眼淚和其它分泌物中 破碎細胞壁抗病毒物

51、質(zhì) 干擾素合成抗病毒感染限制病毒復(fù)制 補體補體破碎細胞壁促進病原菌銷毀2.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity Physical, chemical & biological barriers Natural anti-infective agents Phagocytosis2.3 Adaptive immunity2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Pro

52、duct Training54吞噬病原黏附，消化，殺滅，趨化性病原黏附，消化，殺滅，趨化性吞噬吞噬2.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity Physical, chemical & biological barriers Natural anti-infective agents Phagocytosis2.3 Adaptive immunity2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product Traini

53、ngVaccines Product Training55后天性免疫本章節(jié)涉及題目有本章節(jié)涉及題目有:抗原免疫反應(yīng)機制淋巴細胞 來源 循環(huán) 克隆擴增 免疫反應(yīng)和免疫記憶2.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity Antigens Mechanisms of immune response Lymphocytes The circulation of lymphocytes Clonal expansion of lymphocytes Immune responses and memory Primary and secon

54、dary responses2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training56抗原抗原是抗原是:激活免疫反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)非我通常是很大的，復(fù)雜的分子通常由蛋白和多糖構(gòu)成2.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity Antigens Mechanisms of immune response Lymphocytes

55、The circulation of lymphocytes Clonal expansion of lymphocytes Immune responses and memory Primary and secondary responses2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training57抗原舉例乙肝病毒乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)Pre-S1 和 pre-S2 抗原e

56、 抗原 (HBeAg)核心抗原(HBcAg)百日咳百日咳百日咳毒素絲狀血凝素百日咳桿菌粘附素菌毛抗原2.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity Antigens Mechanisms of immune response Lymphocytes The circulation of lymphocytes Clonal expansion of lymphocytes Immune responses and memory Primary and secondary responses2.4 Antibody-mediate

57、d immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training58免疫反應(yīng)機制細胞介導(dǎo)細胞介導(dǎo)特定細胞擴增在細胞內(nèi)指導(dǎo)對付抗原 T-淋巴細胞介導(dǎo)B-淋巴細胞介導(dǎo)(T-淋巴也參與)抗體介導(dǎo)抗體介導(dǎo) 產(chǎn)生特定蛋白(抗體)指導(dǎo)對付循環(huán)抗原2.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity Antigens Mechanisms of immune response Lymph

58、ocytes The circulation of lymphocytes Clonal expansion of lymphocytes Immune responses and memory Primary and secondary responses2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated immunity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training59淋巴細胞在胸腺成熟在胸腺成熟T-淋巴細胞淋巴細胞骨髓干細胞骨髓干細胞B

59、-淋巴細胞淋巴細胞在骨髓成熟在骨髓成熟2.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity Antigens Mechanisms of immune response Lymphocytes The circulation of lymphocytes Clonal expansion of lymphocytes Immune responses and memory Primary and secondary responses2.4 Antibody-mediated immunity2.5 Cell-mediated imm

60、unity2.6 Immunopathology Quiz twoVaccines Product TrainingVaccines Product Training60淋巴細胞循環(huán)脾脾淋巴節(jié)淋巴節(jié)骨髓骨髓胸腺胸腺血流血流2.1 Introduction2.2 Innate immunity2.3 Adaptive immunity Antigens Mechanisms of immune response Lymphocytes The circulation of lymphocytes Clonal expansion of lymphocytes Immune responses and memory Primary