step_by_step_3000_1第一冊unit1-12_答案及原文

1、Unit 12Item oneDifferent people have different ways of learning. We call this your“ learningstyle ” , and it s based on your senses. To learn, you need to use your differentsenses - hearing, seeing, touching, etc., to bring information to your brain. Now, most people use one of their senses more tha

2、n the others.Some people learn best by listening. They are called hearing learners. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. They are called visual learners. And some learn best by touching and doing things. They are called tactile learners. Now scientistsdon t know why people use on

3、e sense more than the others. Maybe the sensethey use most just works best for them.Item twoToday, we tell about one of the most famous national parks in the United States.It is one of the most beautiful places in the country. Yosemite National Park is a place of extremes. It has high mountains. It

4、has valleys formed by ancient ice that cut deep into the earth millions of years ago. Water from high in the mountains falls in many places to the green valley far below. There are thirteen beautiful waterfalls in Yosemite Valley. One of these waterfalls,Yosemite Falls,is the fifthhighest on Earth.

5、Yosemite has a beautifulslow-moving river and large grassy areaswhere you can see wild animals. Item threeAmerica s national road system makes it possible to drive coast to coast. From the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west is a distance of more than 4,000 kilometers. Or you

6、 could drive more than two thousand kilometers and go from the Canadian border south to the Mexican border. The highway system has made it possible for people to work in a city and live outside it. And it has made it possible for people to travel easily and quickly from one part of the countryto ano

7、ther.Item fourThe way you look at someone conveys important cultural messages. Without your even knowing it, your gaze speaks volumes. “T he eyes are the window of the soul,”according to the old sayings. Staring is acceptable in somecultures but not in others. A wink can mean a compliment or an insu

8、lt, depending on the cultures. A direct gaze can be a sign of honesty or an indication of disrespect and rudeness, according to the culture that surrounds the gazer. The way a person gazes thus expresses a strong message-but this message can be easily misunderstood if cultural norms are not shared.I

9、tem fiveThis time of the year Americans spend lots of time shopping for holiday gifts for their family members and friends. Manypeople visit a lot of stores in large shopping centers to buy their gifts. Others order goods by telephone from catalogues, the magazines that offer company s products. And

10、 many are doing their holiday shopping on the Internet. Industry experts say American business should have about 184,000 million dollars in sales during November and December. 63% of people who use the Internet say they expect to buy at least some gifts there.Item sixIOC stands for International Oly

11、mpic Committee, which governs the Olympics ingeneral. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents-Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Oly

12、mpic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement s rules arecontained in a book called The Olympic Charter . There is an Olympic Museumand Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.Item sevenThere are far too many roa

13、d accidents in this country, too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who most to blame, drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame can not be put fairly without considering the state of the roads and the whole transport system. On the other hand, many experts are convinc

14、ed that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers androad conditions are all toblame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.Item eightPetroleum has b

15、een important since ancient times. In Latin, the name means “ rock oil. ” Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure. This geological proce

16、ss created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is often more valuable.Item nineIn September of 2000,

17、 world leaders set eight goals for bringing millions of people out of poverty. These became known as the United Nations millennium development goals. Among them: cut in half the number of people living on less than one dollar a day and halt the spread of AIDS and malaria. The goals also include impr

18、oving survival rates for pregnant women and young children, and educating all children. Working for equality between women and men and dealing with environmental needs like safe water also are included. The target date for reaching the goals is 2015.Item tenOne way to think about time is to imagine

19、a world without time. There could beno movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world-the world with time-changes n

20、ever stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.Item elevenThe World

21、Future Society has published a special report about forces changing the world. One of them is population growth. The report says the world is expected to have more than nine thousand million people by the middle of this century. Population growth in manyindustrial nations, however, is expected to dr

22、op. But medical progress helps their people to live longer lives. International migration is also shaping the future. The report says there is some resistance, but also growing acceptanceof cultural differences. The world economy is also becoming more integrated.On theissue of energy, the use of oil

23、 is expected to reach 110 million barrels a day by 2020.Unit 5 Part I A.October 1969 first email message March 1972 addresses February 1976Head of state Fall 1976 Jimmy Carter September 1983 Higher education accounts December 1998B. as I see it opinion ifI m wrong as a matter of fact believe itor no

24、tInformation own business standard for now be seein youTape script:One feature of the information superhighway is that the traffic travels fast,and techies use their own special shorthand to keep messages zooming along. Today we ll help you decode tech talk by answering some not so frequently asked

25、questions about abbreviations on the Internet.What does it mean when a message includes the letters AISI or IMHO AISI stands for “ as I see it ” and IMHO is shorthand for“ in my humble opinion.”Some modest folks will also add FWIWbefore sharing their opinion, which stands for “ for what it s worth.

26、” Others express their disapproval with the letters CMIIW. That is,“correct me if I m wrong. ”The list of commonly abbreviated phrases on the Net is nearly endless. As a matter of fact, AAMOF stands for “ as a matter of fact , ” and “ believe it or not ” gets posted as BION.Are there any pre-Informa

27、tion-Age abbreviations still making the rounds in this high-tech era You bet. The old standbys FYI, MYOB and SOP which stands for“ foryour information , ”“ mind your own business, ” and “ standard operatingprocedure ” are still frequently used today even in email.Since time is getting short, has the

28、 Net given us truly short and clear ways tosay good-bye Try TAFN (tha t s all for now), and BCNU (be seein you). C1. Tim Berners-Lee2. in the 1980s3. in the 19904. on to the Internet5. 10/100,006. e-commerce7. people with imagination and new ideasTape script:1. Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote t

29、he software program that led to thefoundation of the World Wide Web. /Who2. In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive versionof email. / When3. In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee wrote programs which form the basis of the World Wide Web. / When4. In 1991 his programs were placed on t

30、o the Internet. / Where5. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000. / How many6. Right now the world is focused on e-commerce. / What7. The invention of the web brings rapid rewards to people with imagination and new ideas. / To whomPart IIA A1: connected systemconnectio

31、nstationspeopleA2: Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stationsSystem linking a number of computers togetherTape scriptFew things in this world change as fast as languages. Every day, new words arecreated to deal with new ideas or new technologies. New meanings also a

32、re added toexisting words. A dictionary published years ago may show one or two meanings for a word; a dictionary published today may list several more meanings for the same word.Network is one such word. It combines two words. The first is“ net, ” it meansmaterials that are connected; the second is

33、“work ” . One meaning of “work ” isa system. Network means a connection of systems that work together. The systems that networks connect can be very different. For example, radio and television stations can be connected in the network, so can computers and even people.Word expert Milford Matthew fou

34、nd written uses of the word“ network ” inthe late 1800s. The word then was used as a verb, a word that shows action. At that time network meant the connection of railroads or other vehicles used for travel.One publication said it is only a question of time when the railroads will network an area of

35、the American west called the “Pan Handle ” . Another publication of the time said complete areas are networked by trolley cars, which are a kind of electronic train.Nowwe often hear network used in connections with broadcasting. The Barnhart Dictionary of New English says that as early as 1914, peop

36、le used it to mean a connected system of radio stations. This meaning continues to be popular. A more modern use of the word “ network ” is linked to computers. A network is a system that links a number of computers together. Networks make it possible for people who use computers to share informatio

37、n in costly equipment. Many companies and government agencies share the same computer network. The computers are linked through a main computer or through special lines. Some people are able to do their jobs from their home computers.Computer networks also permit an exchange of unofficial informatio

38、n and discussions between computer users. By linking their computers to telephones, people can buy goods through their computers. They can send messages to friends in many countries.Another modern use of the word “ network ” concerns relations between people. Ideas and information are exchanged by p

39、eople who network to share interests and goals. Many Americans network to get better jobs or to meet new friends. Meeting new friends by networking is not work though is fun.B B1 b. getting assignments and research papersc. attending professors“ virtual office hours ”d.course lecturesEntertainmentb.

40、 online gamesCommunicationsb. toll-free phone callse-commerce ordersB2 Tape scriptThe proposed merger of America Online and Time Warner anticipates an age when high-speed Internet access is everything. It will be a pipeline for almost alltheentertainment, communications and information that people c

41、onsume.It is an era so distant to most Americans that they can hardly envision it. Andye it already exists. In fact, it is the only world that today s college studentsknow. Colleges across the United States have spent hundreds of millions of dollars in recent years wiring dormitories for high-speed

42、Internet access.When admissions people go out and talk to students these days, the students always ask, “ Do you have a high-speed network ” Indeed, for today s students, having high-speed Internet access is a top priority. They base their housing decisions on it, and restructure their meager studen

43、t budgets to afford it.College administrators acknowledge that academic pursuits are just a fractionof the activity on their campus networks. The bulk of the traffic consists of data containing music files, instant messages, toll-free phone calls, e-commerce orders, online games and just about anyth

44、ing.At a high-rise dorm at the University of Southern California, walking down thehallway on the eighth floor almost any time of day, you re likely to hear students in separate rooms shouting at each other-"You killed me! ”- as they mow eachother down in online games played over the network. Fr

45、iends from opposite ends ofthe floor simultaneously make for the elevators. They ve just messaged each other by computer that it s time to head off to the dining commons. To them, knockingon someone s door is an antiquated 20thcentury tradition.Today s students register for classes, get their homewo

46、rk assignments, researchpapers and attend professors “ virtual office hours” online. Some universitieseven post course lectureson the Net, so that students can review them any time theywish.Just as one of the students put it:“We live our lives over the Internet.”Part IIIA.1. the desktop into our eve

47、ryday life.2. experimenting anarchy.3. disappear.4. EconomiesTape script:A-Anchor P-Net Potter S-SpecialistA: We re gonna take a closer look tonightagain at the future of the Internet.Notthat we have anything but the vaguest idea where it s going in the long run. Oneof the truly fascinating and some

48、what unsettling aspects of the Internet revolution is how many technologists and scientists say that the future may hold any number of surprises. So we re going to inch our way into the future.P: At the Internet World Trade Show in New York, they see a future when the web is everywhere.51: Technolog

49、y is moving from the desktop into our everyday life.P: Imagine work, society, economics, relationships, all transformed, when anyone, anytime can get any message or knowledge or amusement they want, anywhere on the planet without so much as a wire.52: In many ways, the Internet is the world s larges

50、t experimenting anarchy, because all of a sudden, the citizens of the world are in charge, and no single government or governing body is in charge of what they do.P: Keep in mind that the we, transmitting by satellites, cell phone, cable, goesthrough no one central location that anyone controls. So

51、many of the boundaries that exist today, political and economic, will be strained as never before. Some scientists say three quarters of the world s languages will disappear as the netconnects isolated places. Already English is what you find on most web pages, blending cultures, no matter how much

52、people try to save them. Economies are changing too. As distance becomes meaningless, white-collar clerical, accounting or administrative jobs are being exported to Asia, just as blue-collar factory jobs were years ago.53: Imagine, there are 40 or 50 million Indians, not to mention the Chinese, whoc

53、ould deliver office work to the rich countries of the world for two dollars an hour.P: So this massive web of information is both an asset and a threat, changing cultures, economies, governments, in ways no one can imagine or control.many more realB1 person to person/ real1. relativesfriends3. neigh

54、bors4. colleagues5. by phone B2 more people1. careers2. medical crises4. choosing a school or collegekeeping more to ourselvesTape script:There s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up with a term to describe the way a lot of us North Americans interact these days. And no

55、w a big research study confirms it.Barry Wellman s term is “ networked individualism ” . It s not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seem to contradict each other. How can we beindividualistic and networked at the same time You need other people for networks.Here s what he means. Until

56、 the Internet and email came along, our socialnetworks involved flesh-and blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Someof the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.But the latest study by the Pew Internet and American Life Proje

57、ct confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange. A lot of folks Pew talked with say that s good thing,because of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits who shut out other people in flavor of a make-beli

58、eve world on flickering computer screens.To the contrary, the Pew study discovered. The Internet has put us in touch with many more real people than we d have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We returning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on careers, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or critical role in helping them deal with