高中語法-句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分Word版

1、教 師:劉有毅高二蔡旻峰上課時間2013年11月30日階 段:基礎(chǔ)（） 提高（） 強(qiáng)化（ ）課時計劃共 次課 第 次課教學(xué)課題:高中語法-句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分教學(xué)目標(biāo):掌握基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)教 學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：教學(xué)過程: 附后 課后作業(yè)附后教學(xué)反思：家長建議： 家長簽名：一、 必修一單詞的鞏固復(fù)習(xí)必修1 Unit 118 / 181. survey 2. add up 3. upset 4. ignore5. calm 6. calm()down 7. have got to 8. concern 9. be concerned about 10. walk the dog 11. loose adj. 12

2、. vet 13. go through 14. Amsterdam15. Netherlands 16. Jewish 17. German 18. Nazi 19. set down 20. series 21. a series of 22. Kitty 23. outdoors 24. spellbind 25. on purpose 26. in order to 27. dusk 28. at dusk 29. thunder 30. entire31. entirely 32. power33. face to face34. curtain35. dusty 36. no lo

3、nger/notany longer37. partner38. settle 39. suffer 40. suffer from 41. loneliness 42. highway43. recover44. get/be tired of 45. pack 46. pack (sth) up 47. suitcase 48. Margot 49. Overcoat 50. teenager 51. get along with 52. gossip 53. fall in love 54. exactly 55. disagree 56. grateful57. dislike 58.

4、 join in 59. tip60. secondly61. swap62. item 二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)與成分英語的句子成分主要有六種：即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。（可以熟記為：主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)）除了這六種主要成分之外，還有“表語”和“同位語”的說法。但表語和系動詞一起作謂語，因此劃分成分時，劃分在謂語上。同位語分為主語同位語和賓語同位語，屬于主語或賓語的一部分。1. 劃分句子成分時的常用符號英語中劃分句子成分的符號主語 在下面畫直線 謂語 在下面畫曲線 賓語 在下面畫雙橫線 定語 在下面畫虛線 （一行點(diǎn)使我們想到一排釘子，“釘”諧音為“定語”的“定”） 狀語 下面為短橫線 （

5、短橫線使我們想到短木樁，木樁撞（狀）鐘）補(bǔ)語 上一短橫，下一短橫（下一短橫好像是為了彌補(bǔ)上面短橫間的空隙） 同位語 上下雙曲線，（雖都有曲折，上下位置基本相同2. 主語主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng)?？梢宰髦髡Z的詞性或語法結(jié)構(gòu)：1.名詞 2.代詞 3.數(shù)詞 4.名詞化的形容詞（如the rich）5.不定式 6.動名詞 7.主語從句等表示。在下面句子的主語下面畫橫線，并說出由什么充當(dāng)。 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often spea

6、k English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. That he isnt

7、at home is not true.改正下列句中的錯誤，并說明原因。He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.Play basketball is my favorite sport.Give up English is no

8、t an option.3. 謂語謂語由動詞充當(dāng)，說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day.復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I wo

9、uld stay at home all day.由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。系動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語。如：We are students.Your idea sounds great.4. 表語表語多是形容詞，用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。畫出下列句中的表語，并說明由什么充當(dāng)。a) Our teacher of English is an American. b) Is it yours? c

10、) The weather has turned cold. d) The speech is exciting. e) Three times seven is twenty one.f) His job is to teach English.g) His hobby（愛好）is playing football. h) The machine must be under repairs. i) The truth is that he has never been abroad.5. 賓語賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)，表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語

11、，分別構(gòu)成動賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。畫出下列句中的賓語, 并說明由什么充當(dāng)。They planted many trees yesterday. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. I wanted to buy a car. I enjoy listening to popular music.I think（that）he is fit for his office.6. 賓語補(bǔ)足語英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有

12、一個賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。換句話說，在意思上，賓語相當(dāng)于賓補(bǔ)的主語。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等）+賓語+賓補(bǔ)。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。用下畫線畫出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語，并指出是什么詞充當(dāng)，同時體會賓補(bǔ)和賓語之間的邏輯關(guān)系。His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. W

13、e saw her entering the room.We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.I want your homework done on time.7. 主補(bǔ)對主語的補(bǔ)充。含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子在變成被動語態(tài)，賓語作主語時，原來的賓補(bǔ)就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the laz

14、y boy a lesson.8. 定語定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用“的”表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。在英語中，許多情況下，定語是放在所修飾詞后面的，這點(diǎn)與漢語習(xí)慣不同，也是許多同學(xué)不能讀懂長句的主要原因。a) 副詞用作定語一般要后置。 People there are very friendly. (那兒的人們)He didnt like the man downstairs. （樓下的那個人）b) 形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。單個形容詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞之前，而形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。The next man is a s

15、cientist.The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁邊的那個人）c) 介詞短語作定語時要后置。The boy under the tree is Tom.（樹下的那個男孩）The tallest boy in our class is John.（我們班最高的那個男孩）d) 現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、動詞不定式作定語常后置。I have something to say. (直譯：我有要說的話)The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那邊哭的那個男孩）The house built last year i

16、s impressive.（去年建的那座房子） 口頭翻譯下列句子，用下畫線標(biāo)出定語部分，留意定語的位置，并說明定語是由什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。 The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu. The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother. We need a place twice larger than this one. She carried a basket full of eggs. Its a book worth no more than one dollar. Its a city far from th

17、e coast. He has money enough to buy a car. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. A boy calling himself John wanted to see you. He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the

18、way back home. There are many clothes to be washed. Most of the singers invited to the party were from America. Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team.9. 狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子, 說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.(認(rèn)真地寫，慢慢地走，修飾動詞用副詞，作狀語)This materia

19、l is environmentally friendly.（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語）He runs very slowly.（修飾副詞slowly, 因此very是副詞，作狀語）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修飾整個句子用副詞，作狀語）幾個并列狀語的先后順序：方式地點(diǎn)時間一個句中有幾個并列狀語時，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式地點(diǎn)時間。如：He worked hard at his lessons last year.I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning.He wa

20、s walking slowly outside the park at that moment.頻度副詞often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句中的位置位于情態(tài)動詞、系動詞、助動詞之后, 實義動詞之前。You can never tell what he will do.He is often late.He is always helping others.He often came late.狀語按意義分類在句子成分中，主語、謂語、賓語、定語、表語、補(bǔ)語都比較好辨認(rèn)，如果這幾個成分都不是，那很可能就是狀語了。因此，狀語的種類很多，可以表示時間

21、、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步等。指出下列畫線部分屬于什么狀語。I. How about meeting again at six? II. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. III. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. IV. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. V. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. VI. In order to

22、 catch up with the others, I must work harder. VII. To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. VIII. The boy needs a pen very much. IX. The boy really needs a pen. 10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 11. She works very hard though she is old. 12. I am tall

23、er than he is. 13. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 15. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 10. 同位語同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批“學(xué)生”）Its good to us students. 選擇

24、正確答案，并口頭說出句中那個是同位語。The young man, _,works in the office.A. me brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. me Our English teacher, _, often helps us with study.A. Mrs. WangB. Mrs. Wangs C. Mrs. Wangs.D. of him _, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.A. ThemB. HeC. TheyD. Theirs 簡單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)英語

25、句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下：主語 謂語用符號表示為： （主謂） （主謂賓） （主謂間賓直賓） （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） （主系表）主語（subject）謂語（predicate）賓語（object）定語（attribute）狀語 (adverbial)補(bǔ)語（complement）表語（predicative）基本句型一： （主謂）這類句子的謂語動詞都是不及物動詞，都不帶賓語，但可以帶狀語。如: It is raining now. ( )Weve worked for 5 hours. ( )

26、The meeting lasted half an hour. ( )Time flies. ( )分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。1. Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )3. He is smiling all over his face. ( )4. I did well in English. ( )5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )基本句型二： （主系表）系動詞主要是b

27、e，但還有一些動詞有些時候也可作系動詞，有人稱之為半系動詞。如何辨別系動詞有些動詞既可作連系動詞，又可以作實義動詞。如何來辨別呢？有一個最簡便的方法，即用連系動詞be替換句子中的這些動詞，句子仍然成立就是連系動詞；反之，不能替換的，就是行為動詞。如： She looks beautiful. (looks變?yōu)閕s之后，她是美麗的，句意沒有大的變化，looks是系動詞。) Look at the picture.(look不能換為be, look為實義動詞。) He felt the book with his right hand.(feel是“摸”的意思，不能換為was, 是實義動詞。) T

28、he silk feels soft.(這種絲綢摸起來很柔軟，feels換為is之后，句意變化不大，因此是系動詞。)辨別下列斜體動詞是系動詞還是實義動詞。 The door stays open at night. He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious. The book still lies open on the desk. What he said proved true. He cant proved his theory(理論).常見的系動詞狀態(tài)系動詞 用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。如： He is a teacher.

29、 他是一名教師。持續(xù)系動詞 用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如：He kept silent at the meeting. 他開會時保持沉默。 This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。The food stays fresh in the fridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鮮。The house stood empty for years.房子空了數(shù)年。He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒著。表“像”系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appe

30、ar, look。如：Something seems wrong. 好像出差錯了。He appears young. 他看起來很年輕。 感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有l(wèi)ook“看起來”，feel“摸起來”, smell“聞起來”, sound“聽起來”, taste“嘗起來”。This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。 變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣。變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。He be

31、came mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易變壞。His face went red.他的臉變紅了。What he had dreamt of came true.他的夢想實現(xiàn)了。Still waters run deep.靜水流深。終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)“證實”，“變成”之意。如：The rumor proved

32、 false. 這謠言證實有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.他預(yù)言的結(jié)果是錯的。用下畫線畫出下列句中的系動詞。1. His advice proved right. 2. The shop stays open till 8 oclock. 3. The machine went wrong. 4. All these efforts seem in vain. 5. These words sound reasonable

33、. 6. The room soon became crowded. 7. The days are getting longer and longer. 8. He fell ill yesterday. 9. Trees turn green in spring. 10. What you said sounds great.系動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語He is a student. ( )Your idea sounds great. ( )在一個英語單句中，一般情況要有謂語動詞要注意：介詞短語和形容詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和系動詞一起作謂語。改錯：Our school ver

34、y beautiful and we like it very much.Your book on the desk.答案及解析：Our school is very beautiful and we like it very much. (句中沒有謂語動詞)Your book is on the desk.（句中沒有謂語動詞）基本句型三： （主謂賓）此結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語+及物動詞（詞組）+賓語”構(gòu)成。如：She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.用下畫線畫出下列句中的賓語。練習(xí)1. People all o

35、ver the world speak English. 練習(xí)2. Jim cannot dress himself. 練習(xí)3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 練習(xí)4. He did not know what to say. 練習(xí)5. He just wanted to stay at home.練習(xí)6. He practices speaking English every day.基本句型四： （主謂間賓 直賓）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give“給”，pass“遞”，bring“帶”，show“顯示”。這兩個賓語通常一

36、個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序為：動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如：He gave me a cup of tea. ( )強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語順序為：動詞 + 直接賓語 + 介詞 + 間接賓語。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接賓語為人稱代詞：動詞 + 代詞直接賓語 + 介詞 + 間接賓語。如：Bring it to me, please. (不能說 Bring me it, please.)常跟雙賓語的及物動詞有：（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, l

37、eave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。（需借助for 的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。一般用to多些，用for的記住常用的三個就行：get, buy, make。He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chin

38、ese Dictionary to me.She bought John a book. = She bought a book for John.分析下列句子成分，口頭說出間接賓語和直接賓語。She ordered herself a new dress.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. He brought you a dictionary. He denies her nothing. I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.I told him that the bus was late

39、.He showed me how to run the machine.基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子特點(diǎn)是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對賓語做出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。The war made him a soldier.（“他成為一個士兵”，構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）New methods make the job easy. （）I often find him at work. （）The teacher asked the stu

40、dents to close the windows. （） I saw a cat running across the road.分析下列句子并劃分成分，在后面的括號內(nèi)標(biāo)明是什么充當(dāng)句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語。1. They appointed him manager. （ ）2. They painted the door green. （ ）3. He pushed the door open. （ ）4. They found the house deserted. （ ）5. What makes him think so? （ ）6. We saw him out. （ ）7. He as

41、ked me to come back soon. （ ）8. I saw them getting on the bus. （ ）9. We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （ ）10. Ill have my bike repaired. （ ）11. We elected him monitor. （ ）12. Dont keep the lights burning. （ ）there be 句型此句型是由“there + be + 主語 + 狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)“存在有”。它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后

42、，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞（也有看作形式主語的），并無實際意義。be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，有時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。現(xiàn)在時   there is / are     過去時   there was / were將來時   there will be/there is / are going to be.完成時  there has / have been可能有  there might be.   肯定有  there must be / there mu

43、st have been.過去曾經(jīng)有  there used to be   似乎有  there seem / seems / seemed to be 碰巧有  there happen / happens / happened to be 可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等詞代替be動詞。此時還表示存在有，但表意要更具體一些。如：There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.There came a shout for “

44、help”.There exists no air on the moon.There lies a book on the desk. There stands a tree on the hill._ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work.A. It existedB. There existed C. They hadD. There had_ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; atB. There stands

45、; under C. Stands there; underD. There stands; at答案：B, Dthere be 與have 的區(qū)別there be “某地有某物，某時有某事”；have 表示“某人擁有某物”。改錯：There has a book on the desk. There will have a meeting this evening.答案：把has改為is; 把have改為be。提示：沒有there have這種表示“有”的方法。雙重謂語(僅供了解)典型例句：He left this morning very gay. She left a shy girl

46、and returned a young mother. 分析：雙重謂語的基本形式是：行為動詞+表語，后面的名詞或形容詞說明主語從事該行為時所處的狀態(tài)。用作雙重謂語的動詞多為那些表示位置移動變化的行為動詞。如：return，leave， go，come，arrive，start等。句意為：上午離開時，他很開心。句意為：她離開時還是一個害羞的女孩，回來時卻是一位年輕的母親。 簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句句子按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡單句只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike

47、 are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（畫線部分為并列謂語，只有一個主語，仍為簡單句。）并列句（參看P. 186Error! Reference source not found.）由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（;）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。要注意, 逗號是不可以連接句子的，這一點(diǎn)和漢語不同。如：You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortu

48、ous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。 The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。Hurry up, or youll miss the train.表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet,

49、while, when等。He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作另一個的成分。（而并列句的兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)間是并列關(guān)系

50、， 而不是從屬關(guān)系。）當(dāng)簡單句的一個成分從詞或詞組變?yōu)榫渥訒r，整個句子就成為復(fù)合句了。I. It is wrong. （只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡單句。）What he said is wrong.（what he said,是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，he為主語，said為謂語，what是賓語。What he said is wrong. 是另外一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，What he said作主語，是主語從句；is wrong系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語。因此，本句是復(fù)合句。）II. The boy over there is my brother. （只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡單句。）The boy who is wearing

51、a hat is my brother.（The boy over there is my brother.只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡單句。當(dāng)over there變?yōu)?who is wearing a hat時（也是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），整個句子就變成了復(fù)合句，who is wearing a hat是定語從句。）III. I was doing my homework at six. （只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡單句。）I was doing my homework when he came in.（I was doing my homework是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，he came in也是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。后面一

52、個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作前一個的時間狀語，是時間狀語從句。因此本句是復(fù)合句。）從上面這幾個句子，我們可以看出：一個句子如果含有從句，如名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等，這個句子就是復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句的從句和主句之間要用連接詞連接。在上面句1中，what是連接詞；在句2中，關(guān)系代詞who就是連接詞；在句3中，when起連接作用。判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句。We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.There

53、 is a chair in this room, isnt there?My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.What he said at t

54、he meeting is very important, isnt it?The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別說出下列復(fù)合句中，where