文獻(xiàn)總結(jié)1117

1、1.abstract總說,考慮了何種因素(條件),在某領(lǐng)域建模。然后對樣本進(jìn)行描述，細(xì)說具體建模和實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，采用了某種方法或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬是否一致，結(jié)果表明與預(yù)期效果存在那些差別，分析原因。一般情況，本文開展某種工作，使用了何種方法，得到了什么結(jié)論。taking into account 考慮到eg: The mechanical behavior of a four-layer plain weave glass fiber/epoxy matrix composite is modeled at the mesoscopic scale, taking into account

2、the dry fabric preforming before resin injection, the relative shift and nesting between fabric layers, and the characteristic damage mechanisms, i.e., intra-yarn cracking and decohesion at the crack tipsbe taken into account 被考慮eg: Good quantitative agreement is obtained if yarn/yarn or yarn/matrix

3、 decohesions at the crack tips are taken into account.be modeled at the mesoscopic/macroscopic/microcosmic scale 在細(xì)觀/宏觀/微觀尺度上建模be the scale of 是范圍（規(guī)模）的be modeled by doing sth. 通過建模be determined using a adj. criterion (by sth./sb.) 用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定The effects ofshow 的影響表明the same trends as 與有相同的趨勢Good quantitat

4、ive agreement is obtained that 有很好的一致性。This paper examines the recent advancements in the science and technology of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based fibers and composites. 本文探討了最近碳納米管(CNT)的纖維和復(fù)合材料科技上的進(jìn)步The assessment is made according to 評估是根據(jù)ranging from 1-D to 2-D to 3-D. 從一維到二維三維。the focuses are on 集中

5、在2. Introduction首先引出所談問題，確立研究領(lǐng)域的重要性；引用文獻(xiàn)提供背景事實(shí)或信息；對比或類比前人研究，分析其中的不足，（前期的研究或目前的研究及其貢獻(xiàn)，確定已有研究工作的空白），給出自己所研究問題的范疇或目前的研究重點(diǎn) ；描述要解決的問題，呈現(xiàn)要驗(yàn)證的預(yù)測；概述現(xiàn)在的論文，包括方法、步驟、各部分內(nèi)容。前人研究部分，描述理論、方法時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，只有說到某些類詞時(shí)才用到現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；自己部分，做過的實(shí)驗(yàn)用完成時(shí)，論文描述部分用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，全篇多為被動(dòng)。完成時(shí)Olave et al. 7 have shown that Olave等展示出have been proposed in

6、the literature 文獻(xiàn)中已經(jīng)提出has been investigated by Gao et al. 17 在中提出have recognized thathas attracted much attention inbe receiving a growing interest 越來越受到關(guān)注One of the advantages ofis In addition, 一方面的優(yōu)勢在于另一方面In recent years there has been tremendous research advances have been utilized近年來已經(jīng)有巨大的研究進(jìn)展被運(yùn)

7、用A reduces B required for C A降低了C對B的需求In order to optimize 為了優(yōu)化is usually both expensive and time consuming 通常費(fèi)時(shí)且成本高is a possible strategy for doing 做是個(gè)合理的策略For that purpose，sth. be necessary 為了某目標(biāo)，是必要的In order to set up adj. models，sth. is required 為建立模型,sth是必須的。In order to obtain reliable results

8、in terms of 為了獲得關(guān)于的可靠結(jié)果it is essential that 是必要的動(dòng)詞系列be identified 被鑒定/described/considered to be/ often assumed 8 by經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為/often neglected 經(jīng)常被忽略/simulated被模擬/commonly adopted 通常采用/be underestimated. 低估/is dissipated 被耗散比較lower than those observed experimentally. 低于實(shí)驗(yàn)中觀察所得are larger than those observe

9、d experimentally 比實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到的大必須must be taken into account 必須被考慮can be（高頻）obtained by simulating the step of 通過模擬步驟可以得到have to be identified experimentally 必須要實(shí)驗(yàn)認(rèn)證the material (e.g. nesting between layers, varying yarn shapes) 材料（舉例）For instance/example,例如However, the use of does not take into accounthav

10、e a significant influence on 有重大影響Most of the published studies use numerical approaches based on Finite Element (FE) analyses, which are more flexible since there are no limitations from a geometrical point of view. 大多數(shù)發(fā)表的研究使用基于有限元(FE)分析數(shù)值方法,這是因?yàn)樗鼪]有受幾何觀點(diǎn)的限制用起來更靈活。In the literature, different approa

11、ches have been proposed to 在文獻(xiàn)中，不同的方法被提出A method that is widely used, due to 由于此方法被廣泛應(yīng)用This method is well suited to the prediction of,but presents several limitations when這種方法很好的適應(yīng)了對的預(yù)測，但在存在一些限制形容詞is complex 是復(fù)雜的is sufficient 充分的are in contact 是接觸的be suitable for 適合于are susceptible to易受影響be feasibl

12、e 可行的very small elements are required to ensure a good mesh quality 為了保證好的網(wǎng)格質(zhì)量要求單元非常小。seems to be appropriate to 似乎適用于dealing with 處理This method consists in 這種方法在于Models based on CDM allow studying the evolution of the mechanical properties with increasing damage, but can erroneously predict the dir

13、ection of damage propagation 8,26is closer to experimental observations ofThere are only few publications concerning 有少量出版物包含Le Page et al. 28 have investigated the effects of 研究The main limitation of this approach 這種方法的主要局限Nevertheless, it has been shown that 然而，這表明sth is used in order to make the

14、meshing step easier. 被用于簡化建網(wǎng)步驟variables related to 關(guān)于的變量it has been shown in different studies that 不同的研究已經(jīng)表明lead to 導(dǎo)致The aim of this work is to 這項(xiàng)工作的目的在于A detailed description of is proposed 提出關(guān)于的詳細(xì)描述The influence ofis evaluated 評估的影響The procedure is illustrated on 闡述關(guān)于的過程experimental tests have b

15、een performed in order to 為了執(zhí)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)測試The experimental tests are presented in Section 2. 第二部分呈現(xiàn)了試點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)the results obtained numerically are compared with the experimental data in terms of:在方面比較得到的數(shù)值結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。3. Methodology首先總體介紹和概述材料/方法(參與者)并給出所使用的設(shè)備/材料的來源；提供必要的背景信息；進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和說明步驟，提供具體和精確的細(xì)節(jié)的用料和方法，采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及處理了什么問題；

16、說明考慮的因素，證明方案合理性；把材料/方法和其他的研究聯(lián)系起來，顯示仍存在的問題。consists of 由組成keep sth adj.使某物保持某狀態(tài)and hence 因此The amount of 的數(shù)量measuring the thickness of the 測量的厚度composite plate 復(fù)合板have been tested in order to 為了測試the mechanical behavior of the material材料的力學(xué)表現(xiàn)were performed to 被執(zhí)行the elastic properties of the material

17、材料的彈性性能The location and the sequence of 的位置和順序have been measured using/was evaluated by using/was generated using/was simulated using/by usingis used to evaluate 用于評估It should be noted that應(yīng)該注意的是as close as possible to 要盡可能接近has a significant influence on 有重大影響as well as 也As a consequence因此it is nec

18、essary to do 做很必要is supposed to be linear elastic,假設(shè)是線彈性的a function of .的函數(shù)numerous round-off errors make it impossible to obtain, in a robust way,be filled with 填滿Experimental observations show that 實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察可得This leads to the conclusion that這是我們得出結(jié)論a consequence of 的結(jié)果instead of 而不是is critical for 臨界h

19、ave good dispersibility in 好的離散性is not feasible due to 不可行因?yàn)門his approach is similar to 方法近似于was made possible due to 使變成可能was attributed to 歸因于condenses them into 濃縮成It is interesting to note that 有趣的是be aligned with 與對準(zhǔn)Recently, Mora et al. 15 reported/noted /suggested /have used/ tested/ first mo

20、dified/ have examined/first noticed / identified/performed/also demonstrated/also studied/ pioneered research/demonstratedHowever, the key challenges still need to be overcome 關(guān)鍵困難仍需克服reach up to 高達(dá)can be drawn to 被吸引The elastic modulus value of 的彈性模量的值method is limited in that 方法的不足體現(xiàn)在Only a few ex

21、amples of such studies are highlighted below.關(guān)于這類研究的例子只有少數(shù)很突出.The above experimental results led Wang et al. 35 to conclude that上述實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果使得到結(jié)論。gives rise to 引起，導(dǎo)致The results are also fitted by the Halpin-Tsai criterion. 此結(jié)果也適用于準(zhǔn)則interact with 與相互作用has been a challenging and interesting topic for resear

22、chers data were presented in terms of 關(guān)于的數(shù)據(jù)給出It is believed that the decrease in thermal conductivity in this case is not due to either defective nanotube or the lack of a percolating filler network.這種情況下的降低是由于或There is an overall increase 全面增長accounts for 占的比例 a linear curve fit of 線性擬合（i），（ii）and

23、(iii) 分點(diǎn)陳述結(jié)尾引用方程后變量where are the Macaulay brackets (positive part).b is the estimated strain, 0 the strain offset at zero stress and s the specimen stress.where the index l refers to the fiber direction參數(shù)using E =73.6 GPa 44 and n= 0.3The fabric properties given by the manufacturer are ss= 504 40 g.

24、m 2 and rfiber 2.54 g.cm 3.is chosen equal to Vf =49.2 % A transverse isotropic elastic behavior is obtained for the yarns, with El = 42.2 GPa, Et = 9.93 GPa, ntt = 0.423.文獻(xiàn)These criteria have already been used in a previous study in order to determine the damage onset mechanism and location in wove

25、n composites 20.The values of the different parameters taken from Soden et al. 49不同數(shù)據(jù)的值取自are shown/summarized/developed/reported in Fig. 1/Table 2( by Melro et al. 18)as detailed/shown/described/summarized in Fig. 6/ Ref. 45( by et al. 8)Lin et al. 15 also showed that for instance, in Refs. 32,33mat

26、erial was determined using AE (Fig. 1), as in Refs. 30,31the method of Grail et al. 14 的方法插圖表的格式及表述Fig. 1. curves of 曲線Fig. 2. observation of : (a) experimental set-up and (b) damage pattern (the picture was not taken at the failure location狀態(tài)) 觀察所得Fig. 3. FE simulation of : 有限元仿真Fig. 4. shapes 形態(tài)Fi

27、g. 5. FE mesh of :網(wǎng)格劃分Fig. 6. Schematic representation of : 原理圖Fig. 7. Failure criterion in a cracked yarn and zoom to the area around the crack tip.失效準(zhǔn)則Fig. 8. Qualitative comparison between (a) and (b) 比較Fig. 9. Damaged RUC containing 14 longitudinal cracks in the transverse yarns and the correspo

28、nding decohesions at the crack tips on the yarn surfaces. 描述Fig. 11. Comparison between experimental and numerical results of the effect of Fig. 1. SEM images of: 圖像Fig. 9. Birefringence patterns of single fiber fragmentation, showing fiber with stainless steel catalyst, fiber exposure to CVD condit

29、ion, unsized pitch-based carbon fiber and CNT-modified fiber 25. (Reprinted with permission from Thostenson et al. (2002). Copyright (2002) American Institute of Physics.引用出處) 模式Fig. 13 gives an illustration of 圖解Fig. 27 gives the results of 結(jié)果Fig. 2 shows the stressstrain curves of three specimens

30、of 1 mm gauge length: 曲線Fig. 5 is a schematic of 原理圖(Fig. 23) indicate some significant trendsA curve for Kevlar 49 is included as a benchmark 8.表Table 1直接表述+表Table 3Values of the parameters of the failure criterion 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)+表Table 1Tensile properties of carbonized islands and large diameter PAN and PAN/C

31、NT (99/1) fibers 21,20. (Reprinted from Chae et al. (2009). Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier.) (Reprinted from Chae et al. (2007). Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier.)來源+表4. Comparison between numerical and experimental resultsThe numerical and experimental n. are similar

32、 (Fig. a and b). This result may be attributed to the fact that. In order to obtain a quantitative comparison between both methods, . Along a line (Fig. 8a and b), the numerical and experimental n. are close to each other (Fig. 8c)., etc.等等it seems to be reasonable to assume that這似乎是合理的假設(shè)be responsi

33、ble for是.的原因are continuous 是連續(xù)的The evolution trends of are in good agreement with 的發(fā)展趨勢與一致has a minor influence on有輕微的影響5. Conclusion結(jié)論部分的內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)布局一般來說，結(jié)論部分的具體內(nèi)容及其組織框架如下。(1) 概括說明本課題的研究內(nèi)容、結(jié)果及其意義與價(jià)值。(2) 比較具體地說明本研究證明了什么假設(shè)或理論，得出了什么結(jié)論，研究結(jié)果有何實(shí)用價(jià)值，有何創(chuàng)造性成果或見解，解決了什么實(shí)際問題，有何應(yīng)用前景等。(3) 與他人的相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行比較。(4) 本課題的局限性、不足之

34、處，還有哪些尚待解決的問題。(5)展望前景，或指出進(jìn)一步研究的方向。在上面五項(xiàng)內(nèi)容中，第一、二項(xiàng)是必不可少的。第三、四、五項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可以根據(jù)需要而定。In the field of have been for decades. The recent advances in have done.is very challenging and inadequate sth may be partially responsible for the decrease or lack of improvement in .The prediction of 預(yù)測are quite similar to ex

35、perimental observations 與實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察極為相似However, . is only a necessary condition for ., but not a sufficient one, since . is possible only if . is also high enough.然而，.是唯一必要的條件，但不是充分的，因?yàn)橹挥?時(shí)才可以in future works/needs to be further studied 進(jìn)一步的研究has been assumed to be 假設(shè) Validate證實(shí)in particular尤其References1 A. Mouritz, M. Bannister, P. Falzon, K. Leong,（人名） Review of applications foradvanced three-dimensional fibre textile composites,（題目） Compos.（期刊） Part A 30(1999) 1444e1461.（精確位置）2M. Sherburn,（人名）Eometric and Mechanical Modelling of Textiles,（題目）