高中英語必修一第一單元語法

1、I Vocabularyadd vi./vt.add to 增添Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.addto 往添加She added some salt to the soup.add up (together) 合計(jì)Add up these figures and you will see which is the right answer.add up to 加起來總和是It is reported that the number of visitors to the exhibition adds up to

2、 15,000 every day.add that1. The visiting Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added2. His whole income _ no more than 1000 yuan per month. A. added up to B. added to C. is added up D. addedupsetv. 使不安，攪亂

3、，弄翻adj. 心煩意亂的（不用于名詞前），（胃等）不舒服，（計(jì)劃等）攪亂的，主語為不安因素The bad news upset him.近義詞：uncomfortable, bother, annoyignore vt. 忽視，對(duì)不予理睬ignorance n. 無知 ignorant adj. 無知的be ignorant of/about sb./sth. 對(duì)某人/某物不知道be in ignorance of sth 不知道某事ignore和be ignorantignore裝作不知道，故意不理睬；be ignorant不知道，沒意識(shí)到He ignores the doctors ad

4、vice and goes on smoking.I was ignorant (of the fact) that the boss should be so strict.have got to=have to 1. have got to的否定為havent got to，have to的否定為dont have to 2. 表一次性動(dòng)作，兩種可互換；表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，尤其句中有always, often, sometimes等頻率副詞時(shí)，則應(yīng)運(yùn)用have to , 而不運(yùn)用have got to， I usually have to get up at 6:00am.3. have to

5、可用于過去時(shí)和完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，且前面可加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞， have got to則不可。They didnt have to worry about money.習(xí)題：1Thats very kind of you. I wish _ give you so much trouble.A. havent to B. dont have got to C. mustnt D. didnt have to2. I usually _ get up before 5:00 am, to prepare breakfast for my family.A. need B. have to C. hav

6、e got to D. havent to3. If you cant finish the work before Friday, you may _ work on the weekend.A. must B. have to C. have got to D. havent tocalm adj. 平靜的，沉著的近義詞：still quiet(quite) silent(adj.)- silence(n.)calmdown 使平靜下來concernvt. 擔(dān)憂，涉及 n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注，關(guān)系A(chǔ)s far as be concerned就而言As far as I am concerned,

7、 the water is too cold.be concerned with與有關(guān) He was very concerned with her.We are not concerned with that matterbe concerned for/about/over關(guān)心She is concerned about your safety.as concerns=concerning關(guān)于concern oneself with/in 從事，參與concern oneself about/for因?yàn)閾?dān)憂（關(guān)心）某人練習(xí)：1. As we all know, parents are co

8、ncerned _ their children's study, because it is concerned _their future.A. for; about B. about; for C. about; with D. with; about 2. _ English is concerned, he is first in our class.A. As B. As soon as C. As far as D. Now that3. The meeting was concerned _ reforms and everyone present was concer

9、ned _ their own interests.A. with; for B. with; with C. for; about D. about; withloose 松的反義詞：tight緊的； firm堅(jiān)定的，穩(wěn)固的；stable穩(wěn)定的； steady平穩(wěn)的go through經(jīng)歷, 檢查，通過近義詞：experience經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)； 擴(kuò)展：live through度過，經(jīng)受過 live on, 以為生；live with忍受，與同居get through通過，到達(dá)，接通電話 look through瀏覽，溫習(xí)，從中顯露 關(guān)于go的短語：go over溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)； go into走進(jìn)

10、；go off爆炸；go out出去，熄滅；go ahead繼續(xù)向前走；go against違背；go away走開；go back回去，回顧；go by時(shí)間流逝，從旁經(jīng)過；go down下降，下沉；go for為而去；go in進(jìn)入；go on（時(shí)間）過去，繼續(xù)，持續(xù)，發(fā)生；go round繞路； go together一起去；go up上升，攀登；go without沒有1. The police _ the building hoping to catch the thief.A. looked for B. searched for C. found out D. went throu

11、gh2. A terrible noise _ the house and then we felt it shaking. A. went through B. went into C. looked into D. held intoset down記下，放下(put down)，登記，解釋認(rèn)為，下車(get off)set out動(dòng)身出發(fā)，著手做set off動(dòng)身出發(fā)，引爆set up創(chuàng)辦、樹立、搭起；（found, build, construct, establish）set an example to sb=(set sb an example) 為某人樹立了榜樣；set forw

12、ard提出，撥快（鐘表）set sb free 釋放，放走；set sail 揚(yáng)帆起航；set about doing 著手，開始(做)練習(xí)：1. She _ the VCD player on the table and went out.A. set out B. set up C. set down D. set on2. Students should form the habit of _ everything important in class. Which of the following cant be put in the blank? A. putting down B.

13、 taking down C. setting down D. tearing down3. I have _ everything that happened, as I remember it. A. set down B. set up C. set out D. set offon purpose故意with the purpose of doing sth目的是for the purpose of與 with the purpose of辨析for the purpose of目的能否實(shí)現(xiàn)不知道； with the purpose of暗示目的能實(shí)現(xiàn)近義詞辨析：aim ：從本義“靶子

14、”引申而來，側(cè)重比較具體而明確的目標(biāo)，但常指短期目標(biāo)。goal ：指經(jīng)過考慮和選擇，需經(jīng)堅(jiān)持不懈的努力奮斗才能達(dá)到的最終目標(biāo)。purpose ：普通用詞，既指以堅(jiān)決、審慎的行動(dòng)去達(dá)到的目的，又指心中渴望要實(shí)際的目標(biāo)。end ：指心目中懷著的某種目的，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果而非過程。較正式用詞。target ：指射擊的靶，軍事攻擊目標(biāo)。引申指被攻擊、批評(píng)或潮笑的目標(biāo)。object ：強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人或需求而決定的目標(biāo)、目的。objective與object基本同義，但語義更廣泛，指具體或很快能達(dá)到的目的，也可指軍事目標(biāo)。書面用詞。近義短語：by design故意地反義短語：by chance, by accident

15、,偶然地in order to與so as to的區(qū)別1. 都意為“為了”，in order to 一般用in order that加從句來替換，可放句首；so as to 一般用so that加從句來替換，不可放在句首。He got up earlier in order to get to school on time. He got up earlier in order that he could get to school on time. He got up earlier so as to get to school on time. He got up earlier so t

16、hat he could get to school on time. 2. 當(dāng)這兩個(gè)短語后的不定式動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語一致時(shí)，“in order to，so as to +不定式”可以簡化為“不定式to” In order to/To get to school on time, he got up earlier.3. in order to作目的狀語時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語與句子的主語要一致。習(xí)題：1. In order to make our city green, _A. it is necessary to have planted more treesB. many trees

17、 need to plantC. our city need more treesD. we must plant more trees2. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm clock.A. So as to sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having sleptface to face面對(duì)面地；face-to-face adj.擴(kuò)展：facial面部的；racial種族的 face (vt.) 面對(duì) heart to heart坦誠地 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地 back

18、 to back背對(duì)背地 hand in hand手拉手地 arm in arm臂挽臂地 side by side并肩地 step by step逐步地相關(guān)短語：face up 面朝上 face down 正面朝下 face the truth 面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí) face up to 大膽面向 face with 面對(duì). no longer/ notany longer不再no more/notany more不再no longer / not. any longer修飾表示狀態(tài)的持續(xù)動(dòng)詞(如wait, live, work等)。Don't wait any longerno more / n

19、ot. any more通常修飾表示具體動(dòng)作的瞬間動(dòng)詞(如go, stand, visit等)。We couldn't stand it any more.練習(xí)：1. Will you give this message to Mr White, please? Sorry, I can't. He _ . A. doesn't any more work here B. doesn't any longer work here C. doesn't work any more here D. doesn't work here any long

20、er settle ( vt. ) 安居，停留，( vt. ) 解決，安排近義詞：solve重在得到答案；resolve重在解決問題；suffer遭受，忍受，經(jīng)歷 suffering(n.)suffer，suffer from/with 遭受，患病suffer 指一般的損害、痛苦等等，但suffer from后接傷痛、疾病等引起的痛苦 suffer the result /heavy losses /injury/pain/defeat suffer from headache/illness/cold and hunger/a bad stomach 練習(xí)：1. _ such heavy p

21、ollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Sufferedloneliness (n.)孤單，寂寞alone, lonely辨析1）alone可作副詞或形容詞；而lonely只能作形容詞，在句中充當(dāng)定語或表語。She watches TV when she is alone.For years Mary lived alone in New York.When his wife died, he was very l

22、onely. 2）alone表示“（身體上的）獨(dú)自，孤單”；而lonely表示“（感情上的）孤單寂寞”，有時(shí)指“本人的意愿并非如此”，含有不愉快的意思。I am alone but I am not lonelyget/be tired of對(duì)厭煩tired, wore out, exhausted詞義辨析tired可指因體力或腦力消耗太多而需要休息，還可指因長期做某事而失去興趣exhausted表達(dá)的疲憊程度最強(qiáng)，指因勞累過度而精疲力竭。The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.wore out這個(gè)詞不太正式，多用于口語。get along

23、(on) with 與相處，進(jìn)展1 多用于進(jìn)行時(shí)2 其后可用well, badly, nicely等修飾語He gets along/on well with his classmates.How are you getting on with your studies?disagree不同意 disagreement(n.) agree同意 agreement(n.)相關(guān)短語：agree with同意，與一致；(氣候，食物)適合. agree to贊成(提議、安排、計(jì)劃等agree on對(duì)取得一致意見reach an agreement達(dá)成一致join in參加，加入join, join i

24、n, take part in, attend的辨析join多指參加某組織，成為其中的一個(gè)成員，賓語通常為the army/party/team/clubI will never forget the day when I joined the Party.take part in指參加群眾性活動(dòng)、會(huì)議、勞動(dòng)、游行等，往往指參加者持有積極的態(tài)度，起一份作用，in后要加賓語We should take an active part in school activities.join in通常指參加某種活動(dòng)，如競(jìng)賽，娛樂，游戲等，也可不加賓語Would you join me in a walk?

25、 attend多指參加會(huì)議，方式，婚禮，葬禮，典禮及上課，上學(xué)，聽報(bào)告等。attend ones lecture/wedding練習(xí)：1. Were going to play basketball. Would you like to _ ?A. join B. join in C. attend D. take part in2. -Why didnt you _ my wedding yesterday?- I was going to, but I had an unexpected guest at the very moment.A. join B. join in C. take

26、 part in D. attendII Phrases1. not.until和untilluntil一般不放在句首，后面跟時(shí)間詞連，not until可放句首，但主句要用倒裝 He came back until midnight. Not until midnight did he came back home2. get sth doneget sb to do使某人做某事，相當(dāng)于have/make sb. do sth.You should get your friends to help you.get sth done使某事發(fā)生She got her coat washedget

27、 sb.doing使某人持續(xù)做某事He got the car running all the time.3. borrowfrom從借進(jìn) lendto把借出4. While，when while walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. while walking the dog=while you were walking the dogwhile或when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主從句前后主語一致時(shí)，從句主語和be動(dòng)詞可省5. pay for, cost, take，spendspend

28、的主語必須是人：(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）。I spent two hours on this maths problem. (2) spend timemoney (in) doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）做某事。They spent two years (in) building this bridge. (3) spend money for sth. 花錢買。His money was spent for books. cost的主語是物或某種活動(dòng)， 還可以表示“值”，sth. costs (sb.) money/time,某物

29、/做某事花了某人多少錢/時(shí)間A new computer costs a lot of money. 注意：cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost,并且不能用于被動(dòng)句。 take的用法：It takes sb. 時(shí)間to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。It took them three years to build this road. pay的基本用法是：(1) pay for為付款(2) pay (sb.) for 為付款給某人I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.(3) pay sb money to do

30、 sth 付款讓某人做某事(4) pay money back 還錢I'll pay it back next week.(5) pay off one's money還清錢。6cheat (vt)欺騙; (n.)騙子相關(guān)短語：cheat sb (out) of sth從某人那里騙取某物A general builder was prosecuted for cheating an old man out of $2000.（NCE-3-53）cheat sb into doing sth騙某人做某事The salesman cheated me into buying a f

31、ake. cheat, deceive, trick, fool辨析cheat：指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在贏利的買賣中欺騙人。deceive：指用虛假外表使人信以為真，或蓄意歪曲事實(shí)，或造成錯(cuò)誤印象使人上當(dāng)受騙。trick：指用陰謀詭計(jì)等騙得信任或得到所需之物。fool：指把別人當(dāng)傻瓜，愚弄欺騙別人。III Reading1. laugh at sb嘲笑某人 burst intolaughter2. wonder (vt.) 想知道，對(duì)有懷疑1) 后接疑問詞等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I wonder why James is always late for s

32、chool.2）It's a wonder that 意為“奇怪的是”。It's a wonder that she is still alive. 3）It's no wonder that 意為“難怪”。如： It's no wonder that they won't come. 3be crazy about 對(duì)做某事十分瘋狂be crazy to do sth 瘋狂做某事be crazy for sth渴望某物be crazy for sb迷戀某人be crazy with因而發(fā)瘋4. do with和deal with1) do with常與

33、what連用，且不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2) deal with常與how連用，還可作“與交易”講，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。She knows well how to deal with children.5. It is(was) the first time that sb. have/had done with6Its no pleasure looking through these any longer7make no difference沒有影響，不起作用 indifferent不重要的，中立的； indifference不重視，漠不關(guān)心8have trouble(difficulty, pro

34、blem) with sth/ in doing sthGrammar-直接引語和間接引語變化規(guī)則（一）陳述句直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that（可省略）引導(dǎo)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。人稱的變化人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me, “Iv left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room.時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)例：“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” sai