動(dòng)詞的時(shí)體、態(tài)、式

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載動(dòng)詞的時(shí)、體、態(tài)、式內(nèi)容提要：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)、體、態(tài)、式時(shí)態(tài)的用法助動(dòng)詞的用法動(dòng)詞的時(shí)、體、態(tài)、式現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的兩時(shí)兩體What do we mean by tense and aspect?Tense is a grammatical form of verbs that tells of the distinctions of time. English verbs have two tenses: the present) and the past (-ed).Aspect is a grammatical form that indicates whether an action

2、 or state is viewed as complete or incomplete.English verbs have two aspects: the progressive (-ing) and the perfective (-ed).There is no such a thing as future tense in English corresponding to the present and past tense; rather, there are a number of ways of expressing future time, eg: shall/be go

3、ing to + main verb.Possible verb forms in the combination of tense and aspect:Tense aspect combination voice1. simple present played2. simple past played3. present progressiveactive voiceplaysplayedam/is/are playingpassiveam/is/arewas/weream/is/are學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載being played4. past progressivewas/were play

4、ingwas/werebeing played5. present perfectivehave/has played have/hasbeen played6. past perfectivehad playedhad beenplayed7. present perfective progressive have/has been playing 8. past perfective progressive had been playing 動(dòng)詞的態(tài)(Voice)Voice is a grammatical form of verbs that shows whether the subj

5、ect of a sentence acts or is acted on.English verbs have two voices: active voice ) and passive voice (-ed).Two forms of passive voice: (1) -ed” “be + V(2)“get +eV” .Eg：In the end, he got punished for a crime.Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.When lights fuse,

6、 furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, wives automatically assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.The work should be done at once.He was offered some assistance.The windows have been painted white."Hamlet" was written by Shakespear

7、e.The children are well looked after.This matter is being looked into.Other possibilities were talked about at the meeting.When was the hospital set up?The sports meet is to be put off.I am proud to be thus chosen.I hope to be nominated.He wants to be invited.He enjoys being flattered.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載動(dòng)詞的式(M

8、ood)Mood is a grammatical form of verbs that indicates whether an utterance expressesa fact, a command or request or a non-factual meaning English verbs have three moods: indicative, imperative, and subjunctiveTell in what mood each of the following sentences is.Make yourself at home.It is desirable

9、 that everything be ready by five o' clock.France lies on the windward side of Europe.The harsh weather last year is the result of the global greenhouse effect.Don' t be late for class.I wish I could help.In modern English, non-factual meaning can be expressed by a number of ways, by the sim

10、ple past by the past progressive by the past perfective by past tense modals + Vby conditionals and of course, by subjunctive mood Eg.I should be there by now if I had started earlier.How I wish I had gone there with you!He would do it if you asked him.If you should see Celia, give her my best wishe

11、s.English verbs havetwo forms of subjunctive mood(1) be-subjunctive” ; that is, the verb takes thease form(2) were-subjunctive" , that is, the verb has only theere form.Eg.I wish I were young again.It is essential that he recognize his faults.If I were in your shoes (position), I would accept t

12、he terms.If that be so, we shall take action at once.He ordered that all the books be sent at once.We propose that somebody neutral take the chair.It is necessary that he come back without delay.If the rumour be true,everything is possible.Quietly we sat on the river bank lest the fish swim away.Whatever be his defense, we cannot tolerate his disloyalty.God bless you!So be it.If only I were not so nervous.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載He behaves as thoug