怎樣區(qū)分非謂語充當(dāng)各種句子成分(課堂PPT)

1、1非謂語充當(dāng)句子成分的區(qū)分2主語-Ving&to do To do:具體的某一次動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的本身。 Ving：一般的，抽象的，泛指的概念或一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身。 試辨析： To visit China is my next goal. To look after these naughty boys is really difficult. Climbing mountains is great fun. Collecting stamps can enlarge ones knowledge. 3賓語-to do& ving 1）相差不大的類

2、型 Like, hate, begin, start, prefer, continue等。 After a short rest, she started working/to work. I prefer walking/to walk to school. Despite the difficulties, we continued doing/to do the research. 2）相差很大的類型 Try, regret, forget, remember, mean等。 Try to do sth 盡力做某事 try doing sth試著做某事 He tried to stan

3、d up but failed. Lets try telling him about the sad news. regret to do sth對(duì)將要做的事感到抱歉或遺憾，regret doing sth對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾或后悔 I regret to tell you that I cant come, I really regret missing/ have missed his lecture. forget to do sth 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth 忘記了做過的事情 remember to do & remember doing sth mea

4、n to do sth打算做某事 mean doing sth意味著做某事 I meant to buy some bread, but I forgot. Wasting time means killing life. 4介詞的賓語 介詞的賓語一般由動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)，獨(dú)立的不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，但“疑問詞+不定式”可以。 試辨析 She devoted her whole life to teaching. I hope you can get used to living here as soon as possible. He gave me advice on how to quit

5、 smoking. Were talking about where to set up a school shopping center. 5表語 不定式和動(dòng)名詞作表語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞作表語，含義是回答主語“是什么”； 表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質(zhì)，不定式與動(dòng)名詞互換。 My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins. My part-time job is teaching/ to teach yoga in school. 表示具體的，個(gè)別的動(dòng)作，或含有將來含義時(shí)，一般用不定式. The plan is to set aside a da

6、y for the interview. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. Our aim is to help the old lead a happy life. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語相當(dāng)于形容詞作表語，含義是回答主語“怎么樣”。 現(xiàn)在分詞表示自身的性質(zhì)，過去分詞表示外因使之具備的性質(zhì)或特征。 Your speech is very encouraging. The story is very moving. I was disappointed at this decision. The child was frighte

7、ned to see the dog. 試辨析 1、His job is to paint the walls. 他的工作是粉刷這些墻 2、His job is painting walls. 他的工作是粉刷墻6定語 不定式表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或通常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般放在被修飾詞后面。 The next thing to do is to encourage Mary to walk on. The school to be built next month is intended for disabled children. He is always the first to come and

8、the last to leave. 動(dòng)名詞作定語，一般表示用途，一般放在被修飾詞的前面 A walking stick a measuring tape a washing machine a reading room 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng) 單個(gè)分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞前面，分詞短語多置于被修飾詞后面 Fallen leaves falling tree changed situation changing situation Developed country developing country boring meeting broken cup The man read

9、ing the newspaper there is our English teacher. The English spoken in America is a little different from that in English. 7 to be done(to do一般被動(dòng))：即將被做 being done（動(dòng)名詞一般被動(dòng)）：正在被做 done（過去分詞）：已被做完，或表示完成 having been done（現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)）：非限定定語，逗號(hào)與被修飾詞隔開。 試辨析 The question to be discussed tomorrow involves polluti

10、on. The question being discussed now involves pollution. The question discussed yesterday involves pollution. The question, having been discussed for many years, involves pollution. 8定語-注意事項(xiàng) 1)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般不做定語，除非為非限定性定語(having done, having been done) The question having been discussed for many years h

11、as now been solved. The question discussed(=which has been discussed) for many years has now been solved. The question, having been discussed for many years, has now been solved. 2)短暫性動(dòng)詞的ing形式一般式一般不可以作后置定語。 Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists. Most of the people invi

12、ted to the party were famous scientists. 3)being+adj不能單獨(dú)作后置定語 Anyone being fit for this job can sign your name here. Anyone(who is) fit for this job can sign your name here. 9狀語 To do 在作為結(jié)果狀語一般表示出乎意料的情況，常見結(jié)構(gòu)有tooto, enough to等。不定式前可以加only作強(qiáng)調(diào)。 Ving現(xiàn)在分詞作為狀語主要表示一種順其自然的情況（前面是后面的原因） 試辨析 He left home, neve

13、r to return. We arrived there only to find the meeting over. The rain lasted a week, causing great damage. The pop star didnt turn up, disappointing all her fans. The room are all large enough to take a third bed. 10 done, being done, having been done作為狀語的區(qū)別 being done（動(dòng)名詞一般被動(dòng)）：表示伴隨狀語，一般被done取代 done

14、（過去分詞）：已被做完，或表示完成 having been done（現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)）：強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，或已經(jīng)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后，或動(dòng)作持續(xù)，直接用done 試辨析 The boy was running along the street, (being)followed by a dog. (Being) Led by the local guide, we went further into the forest. Brought up abroad, he knows little about his hometown. Having been well

15、 tended for half a year, the patient became far better. 11補(bǔ)足語to do VS Ving 現(xiàn)在分詞Ving現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或賓語的特性To do表示的是動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過程I saw him enter the hall. I saw him walking into the hall.done VS to be done (不定式被動(dòng)一般)Done強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，To be done 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過程（但是在want, wish, desire, like, expect, would like, would prefer等

16、表示意愿的動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)如果用to be done,省略to be，從而使句子的語氣更顯得堅(jiān)決）試辨析We would like all the walls(to be) painted white. I dont like such things (to be )discussed this way. Every one of us would expect our salaries(to be) raised.We all dont want the land (to be) built on. 121. My daughter stopped screaming immediately a

17、nd looked up at me with tears _(roll) down her cheeks. 1rolling句意：我女兒馬上就停止了尖叫，抬頭看著我，淚水順著她的臉頰滑落。這里使用了with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的名詞tears 與動(dòng)詞roll 是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式13I have learned a lot about Asian customs, _(live) in the small village for three years in the early 1990s. 2. having lived句意：20世紀(jì)90年代，我在這個(gè)小村莊里居住了三年后對(duì)亞

18、洲的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣了解了很多。非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是I，與live 之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，同時(shí)根據(jù)for three years 可知，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài)。14_ (please) with the effect of the color change, the woman smiled with satisfaction. 3Pleased句意：這位女士對(duì)顏色變化的效果感到很高興，滿意地笑了。此處非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是the woman，與please 之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞Pleased。15_(take) according to the instructions, the medicine

19、will work for your headache. 4Taken句意：按照說明書服藥，這個(gè)藥會(huì)對(duì)你的頭疼起到作用的。the medicine 與 take 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用take 的過去分詞形式。16The measures I suggested _ (improve) the air quality have been adopted by the government. 6to improve分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為The measures 的后置定語，因此使用不定式形式。the measures to improve the air quality 表示“提高空氣質(zhì)量的措施

20、”。I suggested 為定語從句，修飾先行詞The measures，解題時(shí)不要受suggest doing 短語搭配的干擾。17The document film _ (release) next week aims at introducing local cultures to the world. 7to be released此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞做后置定語，且film 與release 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語next week 可知表示將來的動(dòng)作，故用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。18All the passengers, please put the trash and waste in the plastic bags _(provide) on your right. 10provided句意：各位乘客，請(qǐng)把垃圾和廢物放進(jìn)給你們提供的塑料