同位語從句及同位語

1、10級A班第六組作業(yè)時間：2021.02.09創(chuàng)作人：歐陽歷同位語從句一. 同位語從句的概念在復(fù)合句中用作名詞的從句叫同位語從句，其主要用途是 對前面的名詞做進(jìn)一步解釋，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容?？梢愿徽Z從句的名詞通常是：news,fact,promi se,quest ion,doubt,thought,hope,messages uggest ion,word,possibi1i ty,order,of,be 1ief.advi se,demand,probl em,request,truth,wish 等例句：I just got word that he is not

2、coming this evening.We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.The Mona Lisa is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever.There is no doubt that he is gui1ty.There is great doubt whether he did so or not二. 同位語從句的先行詞同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有:idea,

3、 situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability 等等。 例句：How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him?皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣，對這個問題騙子是怎樣解釋的?The news that his heath is fai1ing made us sad.他健康狀況不佳的消息使我們很難過。I have

4、no idea where they are spending their hoiidays. 我不知道他們在哪里度假。The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰該干這項工作的問題需要考慮There is no doubt that he wi 11 come here again.他會再來 這里，這是毫無疑問的。He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.他被是否接受他們的禮物這個疑慮所折磨著。三. 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.

5、連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句The idea that you can do this work wel1 wi thout thinking is qui te wrong.你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。(作 idea的同位語)He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。 以下名詞常用于以上句型：advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, cone 1 usi

6、on, decision,evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information,knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probabi1ity, promise, proposal,remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat,warning, wish, word【注意1】 在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后

7、面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。女口：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chai rman.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。The resolution that women be a 11 owed to join the society was carried.允許婦女參加這個協(xié)會的決議通過了。I can understand their eagerness

8、that you should be the main speaker.我理解他們希望你作主要發(fā)言人的殷切心情?！咀⒁?1引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，在非正 式語體中that可以省略。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī) 了。2. 連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句The question whether we should cal 1 in a special ist was answered by the fa

9、mi ly doctor.我們是否請專家由家庭 醫(yī)生來定。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問題?！咀⒁狻縲hether可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語 從句。whether否旬以引導(dǎo)：主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句。if走否只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句和表語從句，不能引導(dǎo)主語從 句。3. 其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, which引導(dǎo)同位語從 句1）.1 have no idea what size shoes she wear

10、s我不矢口 道她穿幾號的鞋。（what作定語）2）.I have no idea which wine is bestrt s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪種酒最好，這是個人口味的問 題。（which作定語）3）.The question who wi11 take his place is stillnot clear, （who 作主語）4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句連接副詞 when, where, how, whyWe haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend ou

11、r summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個 問題我們還沒有決定。四. 同位語從句的用法掌握同位語從句的用法要注意以下兩個問題：1. 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面， 而是被別的詞隔開，以使得整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)顯得平衡，即為分 離同位語從句。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off他從瑪麗那里獲知了運(yùn)動會被推遲的消息。/ Word came that Hussein had been captured.侯賽因已被捕 的消息傳來。2. 同位語從句和定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)相似，通常位于某一名詞 或代

12、詞后面，但兩者存在明顯區(qū)別：同位語從句對名詞性成 分加以補(bǔ)充說明，是該名詞性成分具體內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)（相當(dāng)于名 詞的作用）。that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中引導(dǎo)詞that不在該同 位語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，但不能被省略，同位語從句還可 以用whether、how等連詞引導(dǎo)（定語從句則不能）。定語從句 對先行詞加以限制或修飾、說明先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征（相當(dāng)于 形容詞的作用），定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在該定語從句中充當(dāng)特 定的句子成分（that在其引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、 賓語或者表語，充當(dāng)定語從句中賓語的that經(jīng)常可被省略）。 注意體會以下四組例句：（1）第一組例句： We can't solve

13、the problem how we can travel faster than 1 ight.我們解決不了如何才能超過光的速度這個 問題。（how引導(dǎo)的從句表示其前面的名詞the problem的具體內(nèi) 容，屬于同位語從句） I can't remember the problem that they have.我記 不得他們的問題了。（引導(dǎo)詞that就是that引導(dǎo)的從句中have的賓語，the problem的具體內(nèi)容也沒有得到說明，故本句屮that引導(dǎo)的 從句是修飾problem的定語從句）（2）第二組例句： I won't bel ieve the fact tha

14、t he 1 ied to his mother.我不愿相信他對母親撒謊的事實(shí)。（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句對fact的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明，that在其中不充當(dāng)具體的句子成分） I won't bel ieve the fact （that） he told me.我不愿 相信他告訴我的事實(shí)。（that引導(dǎo)定語從句對fact進(jìn)行限定，that在該從句中 充當(dāng)賓語）（3）第三組例句：The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句對news的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明，that在其中不充當(dāng)具體的句子成分

15、）The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告訴我的消息是湯姆來年將出國。（句屮的第一個that引導(dǎo)定語從句限定先行詞news,第 二個that引導(dǎo)表語從句）（4）第四組例句： We have no idea at al 1 where he has gone.我們根 本不知道他去哪里了。（where引導(dǎo)同位語從句說明idea的具體內(nèi)容） That s the place where he was born.那是他出生的地 方。（where引導(dǎo)定語從句限定先行詞place）五. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別1

16、.從句所修飾詞的不同。同位語從句所修飾詞通常是少數(shù)一些 表示抽象意義的名詞，如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibi1ity , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk等。定語從句的先行詞可以指人、物等

17、2. 連接詞的作用不同。連接同位語從句的that只起連接作 用，不在從句中擔(dān)任任何句了成分。whether和how可以引導(dǎo) 同位語從句，但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞除了 連接從句的作用外，還在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，如 主語、賓語、定語、表語等。引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞是關(guān)系 詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as, than, but 等。3. 從句作用的不同。定語從句具有形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，對 先行詞起修飾、限定作用，描述先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征，與先行 詞之間是所屬關(guān)系。同

18、位語從句具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，對中心詞作 進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充解釋，是屮心詞的具體內(nèi)容。注：同位語從句是對名詞加以說明，而定語從句是對名詞加以 限定修飾。區(qū)分同位語從句和定語從句有一種簡便方法，就是將名詞+5吐'結(jié)構(gòu)取出，能在名詞和that之間加上be動詞構(gòu)成一個 表語從句的，則是同位語從句，否則是定語從句。I have got some news that you may not have heard.（定語 從句）The news thatRussia had solved the hostage crisis spread al 1 over the world.（同位語從句）上面第二句前半部分

19、可變?yōu)椋篢he news is thatRussia had solved the hostage crisis 同位語邊緣知識歸納一、什么叫同位語當(dāng)兩個指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，若其 中一個句子成分是用于說明或解釋另一個句子成分的，那么用 于起說明或解釋作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位語。 如：Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 勞拉邁爾，BBC的記者，要求采訪。Influenza, a common disease, has no cure.流行性感冒是 一種常見病，無特效藥。Mary, one of t

20、he most intell igent girls I know, is planning to attend the universi ty.瑪麗是我所認(rèn)識的最聰 敏的姑娘之一，她正準(zhǔn)備上大學(xué)。Who is that man, the first in the front row?前排第一個 人是誰？We have two chi ldren, a boy and a girl.我們有兩個孩 子，一個男孩和一個女孩。以上所舉的同位語例子都是同位語的基本形式，一般不會出 錯。但有幾種同位語，或由于身本結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，或由于它修飾的 成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，往往會引起誤解。現(xiàn)小結(jié)并舉例說明如 下。二、特殊

21、同位語歸納1. 代詞wc, us, you等后接同位語Are you two reading?你們二人在看書嗎？They three joined the school team.他們 3 人參加了校 隊。She has great concern for us students-她對我們學(xué)生很 關(guān)心。He asked you boys to be quiet.他要你們男孩了安靜些。We girls often go to the movies together.我們女孩子經(jīng) 常一起去看電影。2. 不定式用作同位語Soon came the order to start the general

22、 attack. 很快 下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻的命令。(to start the general attack the order 同位)He fol lowed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up.他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我 在那里接他上了車。(to walk along*與the instruction同位)3. ing分詞用作同位語He s getting a job tonight driving a truck.他今晚得到 一個開卡車的差事。(driving a track 與 a job 同

23、位)She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家 洗衣店得到一個熨衣服的職位。(ironing shi rts與a place 同位)The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.第一個計劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan 同位)4. 形容詞用作同位語The current affair, the biggest in its history, isbeing held in Guangzhou.目前的交易會，是有史以來規(guī)模最大的

24、，正在廣州舉行。He read al 1 kinds of books, ancient and modern,Chinese and foreign.他讀了很多書，古今中外都有。People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade.老老少少的人都來到街頭觀看游行。【注】這類同位語與定語比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。女山The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Gua