中考英語(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥

1、任務(wù)型閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥任務(wù)型閱讀是閱讀理解題的一種衍生題型，考生既要通過(guò)閱讀對(duì)所給文章的細(xì)節(jié)和主旨理解清楚，也 要用文字表達(dá)出對(duì)文章的理解，是一種由閱讀理解向書(shū)面表達(dá)過(guò)渡的題型，因此它屬于讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合題。任務(wù)型閱讀的題目設(shè)置多樣化，有填圖表、回答問(wèn)題、完成總結(jié)、填空、翻譯等，考查多種能力，但側(cè)重 考查的是語(yǔ)篇分析應(yīng)用能力，即把從閱讀中獲得的信息應(yīng)用在回答題目中。在實(shí)際解題中，可以采取“四 讀”的方法：讀題目、讀大意、讀細(xì)節(jié)、讀答案。一、讀題目認(rèn)真仔細(xì)閱讀題目，區(qū)分答題重點(diǎn)是主旨大意還是細(xì)節(jié)信息，再根據(jù)題目要求有目的地進(jìn)行下一步的 文本閱讀，對(duì)題目類(lèi)型和特點(diǎn)的關(guān)注也將出現(xiàn)在第四步的讀答案中。主要運(yùn)用

2、快速閱讀（skimming）的能力，掃視文章大意，了解文章的基本信息及文體類(lèi)型，弄清楚是記 敘文、議論文還是說(shuō)明文以及作者的寫(xiě)作目的與態(tài)度等，為下一步完成任務(wù)作鋪墊。三、讀細(xì)節(jié)根據(jù)題目尋找關(guān)鍵詞，如動(dòng)詞或名詞，并以這些關(guān)鍵詞為線索，到原文中去尋找相關(guān)的句子和原始信 息。試題結(jié)構(gòu)與文本順序大體一致，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)更便于搜索細(xì)節(jié)信息。四、讀答案依據(jù)查詢(xún)到的原文相關(guān)信息，仔細(xì)對(duì)照題目進(jìn)行比對(duì)，落實(shí)目標(biāo)答案，再檢查答案的語(yǔ)法形式是否準(zhǔn) 確，如時(shí)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、冠詞等，確保答案準(zhǔn)確。典型例題解析（2020江蘇南京）MaymeClayton collected books, magazines and let

3、ters written by African Americans. Her son, Avery Clayton, thought her collection was important. Unlike most books, these were rare and hard to find. They were written by writers who helped shape African American culture.One book in the collection was written by Phillis Wheatley. Wheatley was a slav

4、e who wrote poetry. She was the first African American to publish （出版）a book. Wheatley herself signed（簽名）th e book in the Claytons collection. No one else owns a copy signed by Phillis Wheatley.By the time she passed away at age 83, Mrs Clayton had more than 30,000 books by or about black people. He

5、r collection also includes papers about slaves,photographs, movies, sheet music,and personal letters by black leaders and artists. It is one of the biggest personal collections of African American history and culture in the United States.Avery Clayton s dream was to create a museumfor his mother; s

6、treasures.Scholars say thatMrs Clayton s collection is very important. Without her work, part of African American heritage （遺產(chǎn)）would have been lost. We didn t know these things existed, says Sara Hadron of California s Huntington Library.The collection s new homeis likely to be in Culver City, Calif

7、ornia. Part of Avery Clayton s dream is to share the cultural riches his mother collected with others. He especially wants kids to have a chance to see the collection.At present African American culture is being explai nedby pop culture, “ he says.It s important to offer a more complete picture.根據(jù)所讀

8、內(nèi)容，在每個(gè)橫線上填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。Mayme Clayton and Her CollectionA. Personal information She liked 1.books, magazines and letterswritten by African Americans. She 2.when she was 83 years old.B. Her collection Compared with other books, the books she collected couldn t be found 3. The only copy written and 4.by P

9、hillis Wheatleywas in her collection. She had a large collection,5. books, paper,photographs and other things by black leaders and artists. Her collection is of great 6.to African Americanhistory and culture.C. Her 7.dream A 8.for the treasure would be created. He hopes to 9. the cultural riches col

10、lected by hismother with more people, especially 10.【解題指導(dǎo)】表格類(lèi)型題目的明顯特點(diǎn)是表格內(nèi)容一般都能展示出文章的架構(gòu)，所以做此類(lèi)題時(shí)，對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)要 有清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)，同時(shí)也可以從表格的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。答題技巧大致分為兩類(lèi)：一類(lèi)為從原文直接 找到原句，如第 1題可在原文中找到類(lèi)似句：Mayme Clayton collected books, magazines and letters written by African Americans. ”可知本空填collect ，但是在表示喜好的句子She liked 中動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用doing

11、或to do的形式，對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期的喜好應(yīng)該使用doing,因此本空應(yīng)填 collecting 。第二類(lèi)為題目是對(duì)原文中信息的轉(zhuǎn)述或語(yǔ)言再現(xiàn)：如第 3題Compared with other books, the books she collected couldn t be found 3. . 是對(duì)文中句子“Unlike most books, these were rare and hard to find.” 的另一種說(shuō)法，rare and hard就是not easy的意思，再根據(jù)句子表達(dá)需要使用副詞，所以本空填easily，典型例題解析（2020江蘇淮安）Now there is a f

12、amily problem. Nearly every parent says that we never grow up. In fact we are probably 16 or 17 years old. In their eyes, we are always little ones and often do wrong things. For example, when I need to stay at home alone, they always worry about me and my life without them.Most parents always think

13、 that they have offered the best things they can to make their children live in a comfortable world. They buy their children pretty clothes, cool shoes, everything that they can for their dear children. In return, they only want their children to get good results in the exams.But why still can t the

14、ir children understand them? Does it mean that we still want morematerial things? No.As a matter of fact, what we want is a true family. What does a true familymean? I think it means a place where we can hide ourselves from the cold world outside. From here, we can get warmth, we can get consolation

15、（ 安慰），and we can get happiness. And one important thing is that we should be stronger and more confident in the outside world because we know that we have a true family.So I think that parents should sit down to talk with their children to let know that they have a true family, so the children and t

16、heir parents could understand each other more and more. Then, parents will not treat their children as little ones.1. In the eyes of most parents, children never and seldom do .2. Most parents always think they the best things for their children to live inthe world .3. Children still their parents b

17、ecause what children need most is not materialthings but .4. Most parents want their children to get in the exams while their children wantto get .5. The way to between parents and children is that they should have morecommunication with each other. Then, no children will as little ones.【解題指導(dǎo)】此類(lèi)型題的設(shè)

18、置順序通常遵循文章的順序。題目的句子源于文章但并不相同，需要填空的詞并非直接從文章摘錄，而是通過(guò)理解做出對(duì)應(yīng)題目要求的答案，比如第 1 題中的 seldom do 就是文章中使用的often do wrong things 的對(duì)立面，所以作答時(shí)就不能直接摘抄do wrong things ，而是這一結(jié)構(gòu)的同意轉(zhuǎn)換，所以填 seldom do right things 。有些還需要根據(jù)詞匯的使用規(guī)則進(jìn)行選擇，以滿(mǎn)足語(yǔ)法的需要，比如第 2 題 , 雖然文中使用的是offer, 但是題目中使用的是sth for sb 結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填provide 。任務(wù)型閱讀理解模擬訓(xùn)練Passage 1Brb （b

19、e right back）, gr8 （great）, cya （see you）- it s a lot easier to use abbreviations（ 縮寫(xiě) ） when we text, isn t it? The average American teen sends 60 text messages a day, and you can imagine how easy it ca n be. But while we might think nothing of it, there s an ongoingdiscussion that text messaging ca

20、n have a bad effect （影響 ） on people s grammar. Many believethe abbreviations are giving students bad habits when it comes to spelling and punctuation （標(biāo)點(diǎn)）.Some teachers say that texting and social networkingcause students to be lazy when writingcorrectly. There was a study in August in the New Media

21、 & Society journal. It showed that young adults who often use text speak find it rather difficult to turn back to correct grammar when needed.But another view is that text messaging has no effect at all. Many people consider it to be a language of its own. It could be compared to students learning a

22、 foreign language. This doesn t have an effect on their native language.Whether it s bad or not, it seems that text language is becoming very popular. The Pew Internet and American Life Project did a study named Writing, Technology and Teens in 2020. According to this study, 64 percent of teens said

23、 they used informal （ 非正式的 ）“text language ”when they were doing their writing homework.But it s not just a matter of language. Students who text a lot during class may have difficulty paying attention. Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh, US, did another study. Students were asked to complet

24、e a questionnaire on how many texts they sent and received during class. On average, students sent more than two text messages during lectures lasting 50 to 75 minutes. The research showed that students who often text during class ca n t easily keep their attention on the lesson. And this has an eff

25、ect on their learning.Using 1.when texting? Abbreviations are bad for students 2. and punctuationuse.? Students become 3. because of texting and socialA. People s opinionsnetworking.? Young 4.find it hard to return tocorrect grammar oncethey have got used to abbreviating.? It is considered to be a 5

26、.? It has no effect on their 6.language.? 8. _ percent of teens said they used text language inhomework.? On average, students sent more than 9.text messagesB.7.on textingduring lectures that last around an hour.? It is 10.for those who text a lotto pay attention inclass.Passage 2Can you imagine wha

27、t it would be like to live and study in an ancient castle （城堡）？ I mtalking about British boarding （寄宿）schools, where somechildren actually live like Harry Potter （although sadly without the magic）.Boarding schools in Britain are not cheap. The average cost is 25,152 （254,011 yuan） forjust one year.

28、The schools are usually very old and rich in history. They played a big role in British history, and have close connections （聯(lián)系）to Oxford and Cambridge universities. Students are usually very wealthy （有錢(qián)）;Prince William and Harry both went to Eton, a school which hasproduced 19 British prime ministe

29、rs （首相）.One of the most important things for these schools is sport. Cricket （板球）,rugby （ 英式橄欖球）and rowing （ 賽艇運(yùn)動(dòng)）are played nearly every day. These games build teamwork and discipline （ 紀(jì)律）.There is a famous saying in English:The British Empire （ 帝國(guó) ）was built on the playingfields of Eton. ”Boardin

30、g schools often appear in English books and films. The young child without parents growing up in a boarding school is found in hundreds of stories, although the most famous now is Harry Potter. Boarding schools are becoming less traditional, though, and more international.Nearly 9,000 foreign kids j

31、oined a British boarding school last year, and a third of these came from China.1. Are boarding schools expensive in Britain?2. What is the school Eton famous for?3. What can students learn from those daily sports?4. How many Chinese students went to British boarding schools last year?5. What is the

32、 story mainly about?Passage 3Humans today look very different to how they were hundreds of thousands of years ago. Human evolution （ 進(jìn)化 ） has changed our bodies in many ways. But there s a question that still bothers the scientists. Will humans keep evolving or have we reached the end of the line?Th

33、e scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens （智人 ）. Since modern Homo sapiens appearedaround 50,000 years ago, there have been few physical changes in our evolution. One argument is that technology and medicine have slowed down evolution. Because we are smart enough to build things that solve proble

34、ms, we don t need our bodies to adapt.But many others disagree, and there is a lot of evidence that we have continued to change over time. For example, our brains have become a little bit smaller over the last 30,000 years. Scientists say this is not because we are becoming more stupid but because o

35、ur brains have become more effective.But evolution isn t just about obvious changes. It s also about small genetic （ 基因的 ） changes happening inside of us. The movement of people around the world has caused humans to adapt even faster. It has become easier for diseases to spread and the human body ha

36、s to act more quickly to protect itself.But it s impossible to tell what might happen next. Many believe it is foolish to try andpredict （ 預(yù)知 ） the future of human evolution. For example, an extreme change in temperature, like the Ice Age （ 冰河時(shí)代 ）, could mean humans have to suddenly evolve more quic

37、kly to adapt.Otherwise, it could be thousands of years before we see any big physical changes happen.1. When did modern Homo sapiens start to live on Earth?Modern Homo sapiens came into being .2. Why do some people think technology and medicine have slowed down evolution?Because they think technolog

38、y and medicine can help us easily and ourbodies don t need to adapt.3. What do scientists think of our brains being smaller than 30,000 years ago?They think our brains have become .4. What problems has peop le s movement around the world brought?It has made to spread easily.5. What happened during t

39、he Ice Age?There was an .Passage 4Dinner isn t complete without food s best friend: a drink. The world s most famous drinks are a mix of history and culture, and usually show up in the biggest festivals. So, let s turnour taste buds （ 味蕾 ） to the best drinks the world has to offer.What s the global

40、drink for victory （勝利 ）? It s champagne （ 香檳 ）, a type of wine. It wasfirst made in a place in France called Champagne. In the past, only rich people could afford it. But now, champagne is used at any big event or festival. Interestingly, the winner of a sporting event is sprayed （ 噴灑 ） with champag

41、ne, but doesn t drink it.If champagne is for exciting moments, then tea is for more relaxed situations. Many cultures enjoy a sip of hot tea in their warm homes during winter. While tea comes from China, the British love to drink it, too. It is Britain s favorite drink and part of everyd ay life for

42、 many. According to the UK Tea Council, 165 million cups of tea are drunk every single day in the UK.Besides water, beer is one of the oldest drinks that humans have enjoyed. It comes in manyflavors （ 風(fēng)味 ） around the world. One of the world s bi ggest festivals is a 16-day celebration of beer: the Oktoberfest in Munich