2019年有機化學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯常用前后綴

1、有機化學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯常用前后綴-ether 84acetal 醛縮醇ethoxy- 乙氧基acetal-乙酰ethyl乙基acid 酸fluoro-氟代-al醛form 仿alcohol 醇-glycol 二醇-aldehyde 醛hemi-半alkali-堿hendeca- +allyl 焰丙基propenyl(丙爍基)hepta-七alkoxy- 烷氧基heptadeca-十七-amide酰胺hexa-六amino-氨基的hexadeca-十六-amidine 月米-hydrin 醇-amine 胺hydro-氫或水-ane 烷hydroxyl 羥基anhydride 酉千hypo-低級的

2、，次anilino- 本胺基hyper-高級的，高aquo-含水的-ic酸的，高價金屬-ase 酶-ide無氧酸的鹽，酰替 胺，酊-ate含氧酸的鹽、酯-il偶酰-atriyne 三快-imine 亞胺azo-偶氮iodine 碘benzene 苯iodo-碘代bi-仕鹽尖刖表小畋工1鹽iso- 異，等，同bis-雙-ite 亞酸鹽-borane 硼烷keto-酮bromo-澳ketone 酮butyl基-lactone 內(nèi)酯-carbinol 甲醇mega- 106carbonyl 談基meta-問，偏-carboxylic acid竣酸methoxy- 甲氧基. 一 -2centi- 10

3、methyl 甲基chloro-氯代micro- 10 -6cis- 順式milli- 10-3condensed 縮合的、冷凝的mono- ( mon-) 一，單cyclo-環(huán)c -9nano- 10deca-十nitro-碓i 基_ -1deci 10nitroso-亞碓i基-dine 呢nona-九dodeca-十二nonadeca-十九-ene 烯octa-八epi-表octadeca-十八epoxy- 環(huán)氧-oic酸的-ester 酯-ol醇-one 酮ortho- 令口，正，原-ous亞酸的，低價金屬oxa-氧雜-oxide氧化合物-oxime 歷oxo-酮oxy-氧化-oyl 酰

4、para- 對位，仲penta-五pentadeca-十五per- 高，過petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基 _-12pico- 10poly-聚，多quadri- 四quinque-五semi-半septi- 七sesqui 一個半sulfa- 磺胺sym-對稱syn-順式，同，共ter-三tetra-四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四個thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三個 undeca- H uni-單，一 unsym-不對稱的，偏位-yl基-ylene撐（二價基，價在不同原子上）-

5、yne 烘organic compounds 有機化合物 compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氫化合物及其衍生物 organic chemistry有機化學(xué)structure of molecule分子結(jié)構(gòu)chemical bond 化學(xué)鍵 covalent bond 共價鍵 hybrid orbital雜化軌道bond length 鍵長 bond angle 鍵角 bond energy 鍵能 polarity 極性 dissociation energy 離解能 constitution 構(gòu)造 conti

6、guration 構(gòu)型 conformation 構(gòu)象 stereochemistry 立體化學(xué) tetrahedral 正四面體 cis-順 trans-反 isomerism同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象 isomer異構(gòu)體 stereoisomer 立體異構(gòu) constitutional isomer構(gòu)造異構(gòu)structural formula 結(jié)構(gòu)式 octet八隔體 perspective 透視式 eclipsed conformation重疊式構(gòu)象staggered conformation 交叉式構(gòu)象 newman projection 紐曼投影式 functional group 官能團 cha

7、in compoud鏈狀化合物 carbocyclic compound 碳環(huán)化合物 heterocyclic compound雜環(huán)化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶極- 偶極相互作用van der Waals forces范德華力hydrogen bonding 氫鍵 dipole moment 偶極矩 electronegativity電負性physical property物理性質(zhì)melting point 熔點 boiling point 沸點 reaction mechanism 反應(yīng)機理 homolysis 均裂free redical 自由基heter

8、olysis 異裂ionic type 離子型electrophilic reagent親電試劑electrophilic reaction親電反應(yīng)nucleophilic reagent親核試齊nucleophilic reaction親核反應(yīng)英文名漢文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亞烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型的Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 葦基Benzylic 葦型的Activating group活化基團Chromophore 生色團Auxochrome

9、 助色團Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向異性基團Smally ring 小環(huán)Common ring 普通環(huán)Medium rimg 中環(huán)Large ring 大環(huán)Bridged-ring system橋環(huán)體系Spiro compound螺環(huán)化合物Helical molecule螺旋型分子Octahedral compound八面體化合物Conjugation 共腕Conjugated-system 共腕體系A(chǔ)cyl cation?；x子Benzylic cation 葦基正離子Arenirm ion 芳基正離子Ketyl radical 談自由基Radica

10、l ion自由基離子Radical cation自由基正離子Radical anion自由基負離子Isomerism 異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure循變結(jié)構(gòu)Stereochemistry立體化學(xué)Optical activity光學(xué)活性Dextro isomer右旋異構(gòu)體Laevo isomer 左旋異構(gòu)體Tetrahedral configuration 四面體 構(gòu)型Stereoisomerism 立體異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Asymmetric atom 不對稱原子Asymmetric carbon 不對稱碳 Pseudoasymmetric carbon 彳貿(mào)不對稱

11、碳Phantom atom虛擬原子Homotopic 等位的Heterotopic異位的Enantiotopic 對映異位的 Diastereotopic非對映異位的Configuration 構(gòu)型Absolute configuration 絕對構(gòu)型Chirality 手性Chiral手性的Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule手性分子Achiral非手性的Fischer projection費歇爾投影式Neoman projection 紐曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命 名體系R-S syytem of nomencla

12、ture R-S 命 名體系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 順序 規(guī)則Symmetry factor 對稱因素Plane of symmetry 對稱面Mirror symmetry鏡面對稱Enantiomer對映異構(gòu)體 Diastereomer 非對映異構(gòu)體 Epimer差向異構(gòu)體Anomer端基差向異構(gòu)體Erythro configuration 赤型構(gòu)型Erythro isomer 赤型異構(gòu)體Threo configuration蘇型構(gòu)型Threo isomer 蘇型異構(gòu)體Trigonal carbon三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism順反異構(gòu)E is

13、omer E 異構(gòu)體Z isomer Z 異構(gòu)體Endo isomer內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體Exo isomer外型異構(gòu)體Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前 R基團Pro-S proup 前 S 基團 Re face Re 面 Si face Si 面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物 Racemic compound外消旋化合物 Racemic solid solution外消旋固體溶液Meso compound內(nèi)消旋化合物Quasi recemate 準外消旋體 Conformation 構(gòu)象 Conformational 構(gòu)象分析 Torsion angle 扭轉(zhuǎn)角

14、 Rotamer旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Anti conformation反式構(gòu)象Bisecting conformation等分構(gòu)象Anti periplanar conformation 反疊 構(gòu)象Synperiplanar conformation順疊構(gòu)象Synclinal conformation反錯構(gòu)象Synclinal conformation順錯構(gòu)象Eclipsed conformation重疊構(gòu)象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation令0位交叉構(gòu)象Staggered conformation對位交叉構(gòu)象Steric effect空間效應(yīng)Steric h

15、indrance 位阻Atropismer 阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體 Puckered ring 折疊環(huán) Conformational inversion 構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn) Chair conformation 椅型構(gòu)象 Boat conformation船型構(gòu)象Twist conformation 扭型構(gòu)象 Skew boat conformation扭船型構(gòu)象Half-chair conformation半椅型構(gòu)象 Pseudorotation 假旋轉(zhuǎn)Envelope conformation信封型構(gòu)象Axial bond直立鍵Equatorial bond平伏鍵Cisoid conformation 順向構(gòu)象

16、 Transoid conformation 反向構(gòu)象 Retention of configuration 構(gòu)型保 持 Regioselectivity區(qū)域選擇性Regiospecificity區(qū)域?qū)Ｒ恍許tereocelectivity立體選擇性Stereospecificty立體專一性Conformer構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體 Conformational effect構(gòu)象效應(yīng)Cram' s rube克拉姆規(guī)則 Prelog rule普雷洛格規(guī)則 Stereochemical orientation 立體 化學(xué)取向 Conformational transmission 構(gòu)象 傳遞 Homol

17、og同系物 Ipso position 本位 Ortho position 令0位 Meta position問位Para position對位Amphi position 遠位 Peri position 近位 Trigonal hybridization三角雜化Molecular orbiral method分子軌道法Valence bond method 價鍵法 Delocalezed bond 離域鍵 Cross conjugation交叉共腕Vinylog插烯物 Mesomeric effect中介效應(yīng)Resonance 共振 Resonance effect 共振效應(yīng) Hyperc

18、onjugation 超共腕Isovalent hyperconjugation 等價超 共腕No-bond resonance 無鍵共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter芳香六隔Huckel' rule休克爾規(guī)則 Paramagnetic ring current 順磁環(huán) 電流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁環(huán)電 流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替爛Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替 烷Pericyclic reacti

19、on 周環(huán)反應(yīng)Electrocyclic rearrangement 電環(huán)化重排Conrotatory 順旋Disroatatory 對旋Cycloaddition環(huán)力口成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 對稱 禁阻反應(yīng)Synfacial reaction 同面反應(yīng)Antarafacial reaction異面反應(yīng)Mobius system默比烏斯體系Leois structure路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)Coordinate-covalent bond 酉己位共價 鍵Banana bond 香蕉鍵Pauling electronegativity scale鮑林電負性標度Polariz

20、ability可極化性Inductive effect誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)Field effect 場效應(yīng)Electrical effect 電場效應(yīng) tautomerism 互變異構(gòu) Tautomerization互變異構(gòu)化Keto-enol tautomerism酮-烯醇互變異構(gòu)Phenol-keto tautomerism酚-酮互變異構(gòu)Imine-enamine atutomerism 亞胺-烯 胺互變異構(gòu)Ring-chain tautomerism環(huán)-鏈互變異構(gòu)Valence tautomerism價互變異構(gòu)Ambident 兩可的Solvent effect溶劑效應(yīng)Acid-base catal

21、yxed reaction 酸性 溶劑Basic solvent堿性溶劑Dielectric constant 介電常數(shù) Solvated electron溶劑化電子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸堿 催化反應(yīng)Conjugate base 共腕酸Conjugate base 共腕堿Therm odynamic acidity 熱力學(xué)酸度Kinetic acidity動力學(xué)酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 電子給體受 體絡(luò)合物Host主體Guest客體Primary isotope effect 一級同位素 效應(yīng)

22、Secondary isotope effect 二級同位 數(shù)效應(yīng)Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效 應(yīng)Kinetic control動力學(xué)控制Thermodynamic control 熱力學(xué)控制 Substrate 底物Intermediate 中間體Reactive intermediate 活潑中間體Microscopic reversibility 微觀可 逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假說 Linear free energy 線性自由能 Non-bonded interaction 非鍵相互作 用Torsional effect扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)Pit

23、zer strain 皮策張力Restricted rotation阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)Eclipsing effect重疊效應(yīng)Eclipsing strain重疊張力Small-angle strain小角張力Large angle strain大角張力Transannular interaction 跨環(huán)相互 作用Transannular strain跨環(huán)張力I strain 內(nèi)張力F strain前張力B strain后張力Anomeric effect 端基異構(gòu)效應(yīng)Walden inversion瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)Racemization 外消旋化 Isoinversion 等反轉(zhuǎn) Isoracemiza

24、tion 等消旋 Homochiral純手性的 Mechanism 機理 Unimolecular nucleophilic 單分子 親核取代 Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution雙分子親核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment)雙分子親核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion分子內(nèi)親核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion芳香親核取代Unimolecular elect

25、rophilic sub-stitution單分子親電取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution雙分子親電取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution親核體協(xié)助單分子親電取代Unimolecular elimination單分子消除Bimolecular elimination雙分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base單分子共腕堿消除Bimolecular elimination through the

26、conjugate base雙分子共腕堿消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 雙 分子談基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl

27、-oxygen cleavage 雙分子堿催化 烷氧斷裂九-allyl complex mechanism 冗 烯丙 型絡(luò)合機理Borderline mechanism邊理機理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 異裂Heterolytic michanism異裂機理Counrergegenion反荷離子Ion pair 離子對Carbocation 碳正離子Nonclassical carbocation非經(jīng)典碳正離子Carbanion碳負離子Masked carbanion掩蔽碳負離子Carbenoid卡賓體Carbene 卡賓Nitrene 氮賓Carbine 碳快Electr

28、ophilic addition 親電加成Electrophile 親電體Diaxial addition雙直鍵加成Markovnikov ' s rube馬爾科夫尼科 規(guī)則Anti-Markovnikov addition 反馬氏 加成Michael addition邁克爾加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 親電取 代Addition-elimination mechanism 力口 成消除機理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 親電芳香取代Electron transfer 電子轉(zhuǎn)移 Elec

29、tron-donating group 給電子基 團Electron-Withdrawing group 吸電子 基團Deactivating group4屯化基團Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 令口對位 定位基Meta directing group問位定位基Ortho effect 鄰位效應(yīng)Partial rate factor分速度系數(shù)Nucleophilic reaction 親核反應(yīng) Internal return內(nèi)返Nucleophilicity親核體Nucleophilicity親核性a -effect a -效應(yīng) Backsi

30、de attack背面進攻Inversion 反轉(zhuǎn) Umbrella effect傘效應(yīng)Push-pull effect 推拉效應(yīng) Leaving group 離去基團 Electrofuge 離電體 Nucleofuge 離核體Phase-transfer catalysis相轉(zhuǎn)移催化Neighboring group participation鄰基基參與Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 鄰助作用Neighboring group effect令口基效應(yīng)Apofacial reaction反面反應(yīng)Briddgehead di

31、splacement橋頭取代Aryl action 芳正離子Benzyne 苯烘Zaitsev rule札依采夫規(guī)則Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采 夫定向Hofmand s rule 霍夫曼規(guī)則Bredt rule布雷特規(guī)則Initiation弓 I發(fā)Anionic cleavage負離子裂解Partial bond fixation鍵的部分固定化 02. 3有機化學(xué)反應(yīng)Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O- 烷基化 N-alkylation N-烷基化 Silylation 硅烷基化 Exhaustive

32、 methylation 徹底甲基化 Seco alkylation斷裂烷基化Demethylation 脫甲基化 Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation ?；疐ormylation 甲?；疌arbalkoxylation烷氧染基化Carboamidation 氨好基化 Carboxylation 竣基化 Amination 氨基化 Bisamination雙氨基化Cine substitution移位取代Transamination 氨基交換 Hydroxylation 羥基化 acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitratio

33、n 脫竣鹵 化Allylic halogenation烯丙型鹵化Dehalogenation 脫鹵 Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脫竣硝 化Nitrosation 亞硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺?；?Desulfonation脫磺酸基Sulfenylation亞磺?；疭ulfonylation 磺?；?Chlorosulfenation 氯亞磺?；疌hlorocarbonylation 氯染基化 Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移 Coupling reaction

34、 偶聯(lián)反應(yīng) Diazonium coupling 重氮偶聯(lián) Cross-coupling reaction交叉偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)1,4-addition 1, 4-加成Conjugate addition共腕力口成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization三聚Additive dimerization 力口成二聚 sulfurization硫化Selenylation 萬西化 Hydroboration 硼氫化 Oxyamination 羥氨基化 Insertion 插入 carbonylation 竣基化 Hydroformylation 加氫甲?；?Hydroacylation加氫酰

35、化Oxo process 談基合成 Decarbonylation 脫染 Hydrocarboxylation氫竣基化Homologization 同系化 Cyanoethylation 鼠乙基化 Decyanoethylation脫氧乙基Ring clsure 環(huán)合 Diene synthesis雙烯合成Dienophile 親雙烯體 Endo addition 內(nèi)型加成 Exo addition 外型加成 Diels-Alder reaction 第爾斯-爾德反應(yīng)Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第爾斯-阿爾德反應(yīng)Ene synthesis單烯合成Anionic cy

36、cloaddition負離子環(huán)力口成Dipolar addition偶極加成-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination - 消除Dehydrohalogenation脫鹵化氫Deamination 脫氨基Pyrolytic elimination 熱解消除Elimination-addition消除-加成Decarboxylation 脫竣Decarboxamidation 脫酰胺Decyanation 脫鼠基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage?；?/p>

37、裂解Flash pyrolysis 閃熱裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯鍵反應(yīng) Chelation 螯環(huán)化 Esterification酯化Transesterification 酯交換 Saponification皂化Alcoholysis 醇解 Ethanolysis 乙醇解 Cyanomethylation 鼠甲基化 Aminomethylation 氨甲基化 Hydroxymethylation 羥甲基化 Hydroxyalkylation羥烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloalkylation鹵烷基化Transace

38、talation 縮醛交換 Enolization 烯醇化 Haloform reaction鹵仿反應(yīng)Condensation 縮合 Aldol condensation羥醛縮合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羥醛 縮合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆 羥醛縮合Acyloin condensation 偶姻縮合 Cyclization 環(huán)化Annulation,annelation 增環(huán)反應(yīng) Spiroannulation 螺增環(huán) Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型 氫過氧化Epoxid

39、ation 環(huán)氧化 Oxonolysis 臭氧解 Electrochemical oxidation電化學(xué)氧化Oxidative decarboxylation氧化脫竣Aromatization 芳構(gòu)化Catalytic hydrogenation催化氫化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相 氫化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氫 化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脫Transfer hydrogenation 轉(zhuǎn)移氫化 Hydrogenolysis 氫解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金 屬還原

40、Single electron transfer單電子轉(zhuǎn)移Bimolecular reduction 雙分子還原 Electrochemical reduction 電化學(xué) 還原Reductive alkylation 還原烷基化Reductive acylation還原?；疪eductive dimerization 還原二聚Deoxygenation 脫氧Desulfurization 脫硫 Deselenization 脫萬西 Mitallation 金屬化 Lithiation 鋰化 Hydrometallation氫金屬化Mercuration 汞化 Oxymercuration 羥

41、汞化 Aminomercuration 氨汞化 Abstraction 奪取反應(yīng)Internal abstraction 內(nèi)奪取反應(yīng)Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn) 移重排Double bond migration雙鍵移位Allylic migration烯丙型重排Allylic migration烯丙型遷移Ring contraction環(huán)縮小反應(yīng)Ring expansion,ring enlargement擴環(huán)反應(yīng)-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 頻哪醇重排 Retrop

42、inacol rearrangement 逆頻哪 醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半頻哪 醇重排Benzilic rearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement?；嘏臡igratory aptitude遷移傾向Transannular insertion 跨環(huán)插入Transannular rearrangement 跨環(huán)重 排Migration 遷移Prototropy 質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移Cationotropic rearrangement 正離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Anionotropy 負離子轉(zhuǎn)移Anionotropic rearrangement 負

43、離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement - 遷移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同遷移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 親電 重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition禁阻躍遷photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光異構(gòu)化 Photochemical rearrangement 光化 學(xué)重排2. 4有機化合物類名Aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon碳氫化合物Alkane 烷Wax蠟Paraffin wax 石蠟Alkene 烯Alkyen 烘Acetylide 烘化物Active hydrogen compounds 活潑氫 化合物Carbon acid 碳氫酸Super acid 超酸Diene雙烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene累積多烯Enyne烯烘Diyne 二烘Alkyl halide 鹵代