獨立主格結構講解（課堂PPT）

1、1非謂語動詞V-ing V-ing 形式形式不定式不定式過去分詞過去分詞21.非謂語中的主語和主句中的主語是一致的：2.但是獨立主格卻和主句主語不一樣,因此是獨立的主格.eg:The woman look around the shop , keeping an eye on her baby.Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.Hearing the exciting news , everybody was excited.Having been there many times , he is quite familiar with the

2、 place. The policeman entered the dark room , gun in hand.3獨立主格結構：獨立主格結構：形式：形式：npron + 其他成分（其他成分（doingdone to do n. adj.adv介詞短語）介詞短語）在語法上是一個獨立的短語，不是句子，在意思上依附在語法上是一個獨立的短語，不是句子，在意思上依附于整個句子，相當于狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、于整個句子，相當于狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、或伴隨等情況?；虬殡S等情況。It being Sunday, they had no classes.The signal given, the

3、train started.The children were making a snowman, hands red with cold.1. He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.原因原因時間時間伴隨伴隨伴隨伴隨4n. pron . + doing/ to do/ done_(因為他很誠實因為他很誠實), we like him._, I had a good rest.(所有的所有的窗子都擦完了窗子都擦完了)_, a man came up with a practical solution.(正討論這個問題時正討論這個問

4、題時)He being honestAll the windows cleanedThe question being discussed5大多數的獨立主格結構可以用大多數的獨立主格結構可以用“with +賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語”來代替。來代替。1） He lay there, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head) 非謂語動詞的獨立主格結構非謂語動詞的獨立主格結構：“名詞或代詞名詞或代詞+ 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞”結構構成的獨立主格結構稱結構構成的獨立主格結構稱為非謂語動詞的獨立主格結構。為非謂語動詞的獨

5、立主格結構。1. 不定式構成的獨立主格結構（表示還未發(fā)生的行為或狀不定式構成的獨立主格結構（表示還未發(fā)生的行為或狀態(tài)，在句中做原因狀語、條件狀語）態(tài)，在句中做原因狀語、條件狀語）vLots of homework to be done, I have to stay at home .62.動詞動詞-ing 形式構成的獨立主格結構：形式構成的獨立主格結構：如動詞如動詞-ing 形式的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致時，形式的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致時，就要用動詞就要用動詞-ing 形式的獨立主格結構（在句中常做形式的獨立主格結構（在句中常做 時時間狀語、原因、條件、方式狀語）間狀語、原因、條件、方

6、式狀語）1)表時間表時間The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.2)表方式或伴隨表方式或伴隨The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.7表原因表原因The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.= As the guide led the way,表條件：表條件：Weather permitting, we will go

7、 on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits)Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case)83.動詞動詞-ed 形式構成的獨立主格結構（是由邏輯主語形式構成的獨立主格結構（是由邏輯主語+動詞動詞-ed形式形式 構成，常做時間、原因、伴隨、條件狀語）構成，常做時間、原因、伴隨、條件狀語）1)表時間表時間The task completed , we had a global traveling.= The task h

8、aving been completed = After the task was completed,2)表方式或伴隨表方式或伴隨When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.3) 表原因表原因Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on edge.94).表條件表條件More time and money given , we can finish the work in advance.( = If more time and money are given,) 注意：注意： 不定式往往表示

9、沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生不定式往往表示沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生 動詞動詞-ing 形式表示正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)形式表示正在進行的動作或狀態(tài) 動詞動詞-ed 形式表示已經完成和被動的行為形式表示已經完成和被動的行為10 So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 將要將要完成、被動完成、被動進

10、行進行11獨立主格結構中的獨立主格結構中的being 和和 having been常省略常省略1）。）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street.2).Nobody (being) in, I didnt enter the hall.3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for

11、 the next weeks show.12注意：注意：1.)當獨立主格中的當獨立主格中的being done 表示表示“正在被做正在被做時時”，being 此時不可省。此時不可省。Food being cooked, I fell asleep.2). 當獨立主格結構的邏輯主語是當獨立主格結構的邏輯主語是 it , there 時，時， being 常不省。常不省。 It being fine , we can go to the beach .There being no time left, we had to speed up.13 While walking on the play

12、ground , _. a ball hit me B. my head was hit by a ball C. I was hit by a ball D. he was badly wounded 2. _ , he went out to play basketball . The exercise done B. on the exercises C. Having been done the exercises D. The exercises having finished 143._ , the reward was given to him .A. Being honest

13、B. As an honest boy C. He being honest D. He was honest 4._ _ no bus , we had to go home by bus .A. Being B. There being C. There was 5 _ fine , we went out for a picnic .A. Being B. It being C. It was 151 如果天氣許可,我們就去參觀長城。Weather permitting , well go to visit the Great Wall.2 他開著窗睡著了。He fell asleep with the window open. 3 所有的書都賣光了,他們只好回家。All the tickets having been sold out , he had to go home 164