必修4 動詞-ing形式作表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語

1、年 級高一學 科英語版 本人教實驗版內(nèi)容標題必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor動詞-ing形式作表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語編稿老師林靜【本講教育信息】一. 教學內(nèi)容：動詞-ing形式作表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語二. 知識精講（一）動詞的ing形式作表語1. 動名詞作表語一般表示抽象的、習慣性的行為，這時主語與表語的位置可以互換。Her duty is taking care of the babies.照看嬰兒是她的職責。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表明的是

2、主語的性質(zhì)與特征，相當于形容詞，可有比較級形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副詞修飾，這時主語與表語的位置不可互換 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他們演奏的音樂是如此令人興奮The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我們昨晚看的電影十分感人。（二）動詞的ing形式作定語1. 動名詞作定語，表示該名詞的用途或與其有關的動作，通常只能放在所修飾的名詞前。a walking stick手杖 reading room 閱覽室 washing machine洗衣機2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，說明所修

3、飾的名詞正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞與所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的主謂關系，可換成定語從句來表達，單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常置于被修飾的名詞前，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語須置于被修飾的名詞后。Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).沒人能阻止那匹奔跑的馬。The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.正在做實驗的那個學生是我們的班長。（三）動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語表示動作正在

4、進行，這時賓語與賓補之間構(gòu)成主謂關系，主要用于以下兩類動詞之后：1. 表示感覺和狀態(tài)的動詞，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice，catch，observe等。I felt someone patting on the shoulder. 我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀I caught a stranger sliding into the managers office. 我無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人溜進了經(jīng)理的辦公室。2. 表示“指使”等意義的動詞，如have, set, keep, get, leave等Do you think you can g

5、et the radio working ?你認為你能修好這臺收音機嗎？Im sorry to have kept you waiting long. 對不起，讓你久等了知識拓展：感官動詞和使役動詞后，除用動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語外，還可以用省略to 的不定式（強調(diào)動作的完成，指全過程）及過去分詞（賓語與賓補之間構(gòu)成被動關系）作賓補。I saw the thief get on the train and disappeared .我看見那個賊上了火車，消失了。There was so much noise in the hall that I couldnt make myself he

6、ard.大廳里太嘈雜了，我說話的聲音無法被別人聽到。即學即用：1. If a solution _ the rivers against pollution is found, then our living surroundings will be improved.A. to protect B. protecting C. to protecting D. protect2. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover

7、3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be put C. to put D. putting 4. _ to give up smoking, he threw away his _ cigarettes. A. Determined; remained  B. Determined; remaining C. Determining; remained  D. Determining; remaining5. The house

8、s _ by the first company will be completed by the end of this year. A. being built  B. built C. to be building  D. to build6. He was deeply _because the story is _. A. moved; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moving D. moving; moved （四）現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）（動詞-ing形式）作狀語1. 現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語，分

9、詞必須和句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨情況等。（1）表示時間，作時間狀語，相當于時間狀語從句，有時可以在動詞-ing 形式前加一個表示時間的連詞，如when，while等。Turning away (= When she turned around ), she saw a car driving up.轉(zhuǎn)過身來，她看見一輛車開過來了。While shopping(= While I was shopping ) in the supermarket , I met an old friend of mine.在超市購物時，

10、我碰到了一個老朋友。Having finished(=After he had finished ) the homework , Henry went home.完成作業(yè)后，亨利就回家了。(2）表示原因，作原因狀語， 相當于原因狀語從句。Not knowing his telephone number (= Since I didnt know ) , I couldnt get in touch with him.由于不知道他的電話號碼， 我無法和他取得聯(lián)系。Having lived in London for many years (= Because I have lived ) ,

11、I almost know every place quite well.在倫敦住過多年，我?guī)缀鯇γ總€地方都很熟悉。（3）表示結(jié)果，作結(jié)果狀語，相當于結(jié)果狀語從句。通常放在句末，中間有逗號隔開， 表示一種自然的、順理成章的結(jié)果。The fire lasted nearly a month , leaving nothing valuable ( = and left nothing valuable).大火持續(xù)了近一個月， 幾乎沒剩下有用的東西。His parents died in the accident, leaving him an orphan.他的父母在車禍中喪生，以致他成了孤兒。

12、(4)表示條件，作條件狀語， 相當于條件狀語從句。Being more careful ( = If you are more careful), you can make fewer mistakes.如果你更細心點， 就會少犯錯誤。Working hard( = If you work hard ), you will succeed.努力工作，你會成功的。(5)表示讓步，作讓步狀語，相當于讓步狀語從句，有時分詞前可帶有連詞although , even if , even though.Admitting what you say ( = Although I admit what yo

13、u say ) , I still think you are wrong.雖然承認你所說的話，但我仍然認為你錯了。Although repeating his words many times( = Although the teacher repeated ) , the teacher couldnt make his students understand.盡管重復了許多次，老師還是無法讓學生理解他自己所說的話。(6)表示方式、伴隨或補充說明。分詞短語表示方式、伴隨或補充說明時，常用來說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。 一般情況下，分詞表示的動作和謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，常置于句末，可以用

14、并列句來轉(zhuǎn)換。I stood by the door, not daring to say a word ( = and didnt dare to say a word).我站在門旁，不敢說一句話。He was walking along the street , looking this and that (= and looked this and that ).他左顧右盼地在街上走著。When people heard about Qu Yuans death , they sailed up and down the river searching for his body(=and

15、 searched for his body ).人們聽到屈原的死訊后，在江上來來回回地尋找他的尸體。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時應注意的問題。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性。當分詞的動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生時，用分詞的一般式。當現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先于謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生時，用分詞的完成式。Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.因為沒聽出這個人的聲音，他沒把自己的地址給他Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to

16、 make a call to him.因為沒收到父親的信，他決定打個電話給父親(2) 有時現(xiàn)在分詞（短語） 有自己的邏輯主語，它們之間有邏輯上的主謂關系，稱之為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。It being a holiday , all the shops were shut.由于是假期，所有的商店都關門了。Class being over, children could play football.下課了，孩子們可以踢足球了。(3)動詞-ing 形式可以作插入語，在句中作獨立成分，表明說話人的態(tài)度。常見的有：generally / frankly (honesty ) / exactly(properl

17、y)/ speaking一般/坦白/確切/嚴格來說judging by / from 從判斷considering 考慮到supposing 假設seeing 因為；鑒于；由于Generally speaking , the Chinese prefer tea to coffee.一般來說，中國人愛喝茶而不愛喝咖啡。Judging from his accent , he is from the south.從他的口音判斷，他是南方人。即學即用：1. It rained nonstop for ten days, completely our holiday. A. to ruin B. r

18、uined C. having ruined D. ruining2. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing3. _ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received4. More and mo

19、re people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. takingB. takenC. having takenD. having been taken5. "Cant you read?" Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing6. _ yo

20、u should have no trouble with the difficult work.A. Knowing this B. If you are knowing thisC. From knowing this D. If you have knowing this7. _ by what everyone says about him, he has a good chance of winning. A. Judged B. To Judge C. Having Judged D. Judging8. The earthquake _ the tsunami (海嘯) happ

21、ened deep under the sea, _ more than 200,000 people. A. causing; killing B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. caused; killed 9. Though _ natural resources, the area is well developed. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 10. _, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A.

22、 General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally 11. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair_. A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze12. _ like a great idea, what he said was acc

23、epted by all present immediately. A. Sounded B. Sounds C. To sound D. Sounding 【典型例題】1. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked2. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker,

24、_ in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future.A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered3. When we visited my old family home, memory came _ back. A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded4. They use computers to keep the traffic _ smooth

25、ly. A. being run B. run C. to run D. running5. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill6. _ many times, he finally understood it.A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told7. There is a great dea

26、l of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating8. _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen9. _that he was in great danger, Eric walked d

27、eeper into the forest.A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized10. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it.A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried預習導學Unit 4 Body language（一）重點單詞statement n. 陳述 ，說明greet vt. 問候；迎接represent

28、vt. 代表，象征association n. 社團，聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系curious adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地approach n. 接近，方法，途徑 v. 接近，靠近defend vt. 保護；保衛(wèi)defence n. 防御；保衛(wèi)major adj. 主要的misunderstand vt. 誤解；誤會misunderstanding n. 誤解；誤會adult n. 成年人 adj. 成人的；成熟的spoken adj. 口語的unspoken adj. 未說出口的；非口語的likely adj. 可能的facial adj. 面部的function n. 作用，功

29、能，職能 v. 起作用ease n. 安逸，舒適truly adv. 真實地；真誠地；真正地false adj. 錯誤的，假的anger n. 怒氣；怒火subjective adj. 主觀的（二）重點短語defend against 保衛(wèi)以免受be likely to do 很可能，有希望in general 總的來說，大體上at ease 舒適，快活，自由自在lose face 丟臉turn ones back to 背對；背棄（三）重點句型1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely follow

30、ed by Julia Smith from Britain. 過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語。2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.not all 部分否定 not nor 既不又不3. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.way 引導的

31、定語從句?！灸M試題】（答題時間：60分鐘）一. 單項選擇1. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealing C. to stealD. stealing2. Can you lend me some money? I am _than you . You know I live from hand to mouth . A. better off B. worse off C. more badly D. much poor *3. The teacher w

32、ent into the room , _the boy _outside. A. left; standing B. leaving ; standing C. left; stand D. leaving ; stand 4. With the electricity _, all the machines stopped to work. A. cut off B. cut up C. was cut off D. was cut down 5. The students all wear the same uniform, so its hard for me to _my son a

33、mong them. A. bring out B. pick out C. pick up D. bring up6. How are you doing with your newly founded company, John? Thats too bad. The whole thing is _ complete failure. A. the B. a C. / D. some 7. What did she say just now? She said it _, so I didnt hear. A. in surprise B. in a whisper C. in retu

34、rn D. in relief *8. Where is our English teacher? She is in the classroom, _ the exercises _ the students have done at home. A. explaining; /B. explaining; for C. explained; toD. explained; from9. Experts say children easily _when they make a promise, so dont depend on them in some important events.

35、 A. apologize B. react C. regret D. chew 10. In the study, I found my son _ at a desk, with his attention _ on a book.A. sitting; fixingB. sit; fixedC. sitting; to be fixedD. seated; fixed11. Who starred _the film set _ Suzhou? A. in; on B. on ; in C. in; at D. in ; in 12. So long as we dont lose he

36、art, we will find a way to _the difficulty. A. overcome B. contrast C. content D. contact *13. _，I have no difficulty in finding the famous actors house. A. Directing by Jack B. I was directed by Jack C. With Jack directing me D. Jack directed me 14. With online course Crazy English has over 20 mill

37、ion students all over China _the class through the Internet . A. attend B. attended C. attending D. to be attending *15. While watching television, _.A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings二. 完形填空Is it difficult for you to get up in the

38、morning? Do you sometimes oversleep? Are you often late for work or school? Then Hiroyuki Sugiyama of Japan has a(n) 16 bed for you. Hiroyukis bed will 17 you up in the morning! Here is how it 18 . The bed is 19 an alarm clock. First, the alarm clock rings. You have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a

39、 tape recorder in the bed plays 20 music or other pleasant sounds. The tape recorder in Hiroyukis bed plays a recording of his girlfriend. She whispers in a sweet 21 , “Wake up, darling, please.” A few minutes later, a second recording 22 . The sound recording can be loud music or 23 sounds. Hiroyuk

40、i hears a recording of his boss. His boss 24 , “Wake up immediately, 25 youll be late!” If you dont get up 26 the second recording, you 27 be sorry! A mechanical “foot” is in the bed. The mechanical foot kicks you in the head. Then the bed waits a few _28_ minutes. What! Youre 29 in bed! Slowly the

41、30 of the bed rises higher and higher. The foot of the bed goes lower and lower. 31 , the bed is vertical（垂直的）. You slide off the bed and onto the floor. You are out of bed and 32 . Hiroyuki made his bed because he wanted to 33 a contest. He works for Honda Motor Company. Once every two years Honda

42、has a contest for its 200,000 employees“All-Honda Idea Contest.” The employees think of new 34 . If their ideas win, the employees win _35 . Hiroyuki Sugiyama won one of the top prizes for his bed. 16. A. expensiveB. specialC. valuableD. comfortable17. A. getB. catchC. makeD. let18. A. worksB. runsC

43、. happensD. moves19. A. separated fromB. made up ofC. connected toD. made into20. A. loudB. classicalC. popD. soft21. A. soundB. voiceC. noiseD. way22. A. sendsB. turnsC. playsD. appears23. A. pleasantB. interestingC. unpleasantD. funny24. A. shoutsB. announcesC. whispersD. persuades25. A. andB. but

44、C. soD. or26. A. beforeB. untilC. sinceD. after27. A. canB. willC. mayD. need28. A. otherB. anotherC. moreD. one29. A. stillB. yetC. alreadyD. even30. A. endB. middleC. bodyD. top31. A. HoweverB. FinallyC. ThereforeD. Otherwise32. A. angryB. workC. happyD. awake33. A. achieveB. winC. gainD. defeat34

45、. A. ideasB. thoughtsC. factsD. ways35. A. praisesB. contestsC. prizesD. medals三. 閱讀理解AWe walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum t

46、ook off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floors. ” “Yes, Im glad theyve finally decided to clean them,” the nurse answer

47、ed. She looked at Mum strangely and said, “But arent you working late?” Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book. After a long time Mum came back. Her

48、 eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, “Thank you.” Outside, Mum told me, “Dagmar is fine. No fever. ” “You saw her, Mum?” “Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expec

49、t us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. Its a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush.” 36. When she took a mop from the small room, what Mum really wanted to do was _. A. to clean the floorB. to please the nurse C. to see a patientD. to surprise the story-tel

50、ler 37. When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a _. A. nurse B. visitor C. patientD. cleaner 38. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? A. It is a childrens hospital. B. It has strict rules about visiting hours. C. The conditions there arent very good. D. The nurses

51、and doctors there dont work hard. 39. From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _.A. the story-tellers sister B. Mums friend C. the story-tellers classmate D. Dads boss 40. Which of the following words best describes Mum? A. strangeB. warm-hearted C. cleverD. hard-working BAs prices and build

52、ing costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY)trend in the US continues to grow. “We needed furniture for our living room,” says John Ross, “ and we just didnt have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they