C++上機實驗報告實驗六

1、實驗六 多態(tài)性1. 實驗?zāi)康?.掌握運算符重載的方法2.學(xué)習(xí)使用虛函數(shù)實現(xiàn)動態(tài)多態(tài)性2. 實驗要求1.定義Point類，有坐標(biāo)_x，_y兩個成員變量；對Point類重載“”(自增)、“”(自減)運算符，實現(xiàn)對坐標(biāo)值的改變。2.定義一個車(vehiele)基類，有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)，由此派生出自行車(bicycle)類、汽車(motorcar)類，從bicycle和motorcar派生出摩托車(motorcycle)類，它們都有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)。觀察虛函數(shù)的作用。3. (選做)對實驗4中的People類重載“”運算符和“=”運算符，“”運算符判斷兩個people類對象的id屬性

2、是否相等；“=”運算符實現(xiàn)People類對象的賦值操作。3. 實驗內(nèi)容及實驗步驟1.編寫程序定義Point類，在類中定義整型的私有成員變量_x_y，定義成員函數(shù)Point& operator+()；Point operator+(int)；以實現(xiàn)對Point類重載“+”(自增)運算符，定義成員函數(shù)Point operator()；Point operator(int)；以實現(xiàn)對Point類重載“”(自減)運算符，實現(xiàn)對坐標(biāo)值的改變。程序名：1ab8_1cpp。2.編寫程序定義一個車(vehicle)基類，有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)，由此派生出自行車(bicycle)類、汽車(moto

3、rcar)類，從bicycle和motorcar派生出摩托車(motorcycle)類，它們都有Run、Stop等成員函數(shù)。在main()函數(shù)中定義vehicle、bicycle、motorcar、motorcycle的對象，調(diào)用其Run()、Stop()函數(shù)，觀察其執(zhí)行情況。再分別用vehicle類型的指針來調(diào)用這幾個對象的成員函數(shù)，看看能否成功；把Run、Stop定義為虛函數(shù)，再試試看。程序名：lab8_2cpp。4. 思考題1. 如何將一個運算符重載為類的成員函數(shù)？函數(shù)類型 operator 運算符（形參表） 函數(shù)體；2. 如何將一個運算符重載為類的友元函數(shù)？friend 函數(shù)類型 op

4、erator 運算符（形參表） 函數(shù)體；3.如何實現(xiàn)運行時刻的多態(tài)？在基類的成員函數(shù)前加上virtual，就可以在它的派生類中聲明相同名字和類型的成員函數(shù)，在運行過程中，系統(tǒng)會自動判斷并調(diào)用相應(yīng)類中的成員函數(shù)，從而在調(diào)用過程中實現(xiàn)多態(tài)。5. 源程序1. lab8_1.cpp#include<iostream>using namespace std;class Pointprivate: int _x; int _y;public: /構(gòu)造.析構(gòu)函數(shù) Point() Point(int,int); Point() /+.-重載 Point& operator +(); Poi

5、nt operator +(int); Point& operator -(); Point operator -(int); /輸出點坐標(biāo) void showPoint();Point:Point(int x,int y) _x=x; _y=y;Point& Point:operator +() _x+; _y+; return *this;Point Point:operator +(int) Point p=*this; +(*this); return p;Point& Point:operator -() _x-; _y-; return *this;Poin

6、t Point:operator -(int) Point p=*this; -(*this); return p;void Point:showPoint() cout<<"The point is ("<<_x<<","<<_y<<")"<<endl;int main() Point apoint(3,5); apoint.showPoint(); (apoint+).showPoint();/測試后置+ apoint.showPoint(); (+apoin

7、t).showPoint();/測試前置+ apoint.showPoint(); (apoint-).showPoint();/測試后置- apoint.showPoint(); (-apoint).showPoint();/測試前置- apoint.showPoint(); return 0;2. lab8_2.cpp#include<iostream>using namespace std; class Vehiclepublic: /基類的成員函數(shù)為虛函數(shù) virtual void run()cout<<"Vehicle is running!&quo

8、t;<<endl; virtual void stop()cout<<"Vehicle is stopping!"<<endl;class Bicycle: virtual public Vehicle/按虛基類繼承public: void run()cout<<"Bicycle is running!"<<endl; void stop()cout<<"Bicycle is stopping!"<<endl;class Motorcar:virtua

9、l public Vehicle/按虛基類繼承public: void run()cout<<"Motorcar is running!"<<endl; void stop()cout<<"Motorcar is stopping!"<<endl;class Motorcycle:public Bicycle,public Motorcarpublic: void run()cout<<"Motorcycle is running!"<<endl; void st

10、op()cout<<"Motorcycle is stopping!"<<endl;int main() Vehicle veh; Bicycle bic; Motorcar mot; Motorcycle m; /對象名.函數(shù)測試 /*veh.run(); veh.stop(); bic.run(); bic.stop(); mot.run(); mot.stop(); m.run(); m.stop();*/ /基類指針測試 Vehicle* p; p=&veh; p->run(); p->stop(); p=&bic

11、; p->run(); p->stop(); p=&mot; p->run(); p->stop(); p=&m; p->run(); p->stop(); return 0;3. lab8_3#include<iostream>#include<cstring>using namespace std;/Date類class Dateprivate:int year;int month;int day;public:Date();Date(int y,int m,int d);Date(Date &p);Dat

12、e();void setDate();void showDate();/People類，其中含Date類型的數(shù)據(jù)class Peopleprivate:char name11;char number7;char sex3;Date birthday;public:char id16;People();People(char* n,char* nu,char* s,Date b,char* i);People(People &p);People();bool operator =(People&);People& operator =(People&);void

13、setName();void setNumber();void setSex();void setId();void showPeople();/Date構(gòu)造函數(shù)Date:Date()Date:Date(int y,int m,int d)year=y;month=m;day=d;Date:Date(Date &p)year=p.year;month=p.month;day=p.day;/析構(gòu)inline Date:Date()/Date成員函數(shù)，設(shè)置出生年月日void Date:setDate()int y,m,d;cout<<"Input the year:&

14、quot;cin>>y;cout<<"Input the month:"cin>>m;cout<<"Input the day:"cin>>d;year=y;month=m;day=d;/Date內(nèi)聯(lián)成員函數(shù)，輸出年月日inline void Date:showDate()cout<<"Birthday is "<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<da

15、y<<"日"<<endl;/People構(gòu)造函數(shù)People:People();People:People(char* n,char* nu,char* s,Date b,char* i)strcpy(name,n);strcpy(number,nu);strcpy(sex,s);birthday=b;strcpy(id,i);People:People(People &p)strcpy(name,);strcpy(number,p.number);birthday=p.birthday;strcpy(id,p.id);/Peop

16、le析構(gòu)inline People:People()/People成員函數(shù)，設(shè)置各類數(shù)據(jù)void People:setName()cout<<"Please input the person's name:"cin.getline(name,11,'n');void People:setNumber()cout<<"Input number:"cin.getline(number,7,'n');void People:setSex()cout<<"Input sex:&

17、quot;cin.getline(sex,3,'n');void People:setId()cout<<"Input id:"cin.getline(id,16,'n');/People內(nèi)聯(lián)成員函數(shù)，輸出人員信息inline void People:showPeople()cout<<"Name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"Number:"<<number<<endl;cout<<"

18、Sex:"<<sex<<endl;cout<<"ID:"<<id<<endl;bool People:operator =(People& p)return id=p.id;People& People:operator =(People& p)strcpy(name,);strcpy(number,p.number);birthday=p.birthday;strcpy(id,p.id);return *this;/檢測=重載的普通函數(shù)void test(People

19、& x,People& y)if(strcmp(x.id,y.id)=0)cout<<"Their's IDs are same"<<endl;elsecout<<"Their's IDs are different"<<endl;int main()/*int i;char spaceA;/生成3個Date類型的對象Date date3=Date(0,0,0),Date(0,0,0),Date(0,0,0);/生成3個People類型的對象People person3=Pe

20、ople("0","0","0",date0,"0"),People("0","0","0",date1,"0"),People("0","0","0",date2,"0");/設(shè)置這3個對象的各類信息for(i=0;i<3;i+)personi.setName();personi.setNumber();personi.setSex();personi.setId();datei.setDate();spaceA=getchar();/輸出這3個對象的各類信息for(i=0;i<3;i+)personi.showPeople();datei.showDate();*/測試=重載Date d1(0,0,0);People p1("lizhibo"