同位語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)

1、10級(jí)Axx第六組作業(yè)同位語(yǔ)從句一. 同位語(yǔ)從句的概念在復(fù)合句中用作名詞的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句，其主要用途是對(duì)前面的名詞做 進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容?？梢愿徽Z(yǔ)從句的名詞通常是：n ews,fact ,pro mise,questi on, doubt,thought,h op e,message ,suggestio n, word,Possibility,order,fear,proof,belief,advise,demand,problem,request,truth,wish 等例句:We haven ' t yet settled the question where

2、 we are going to spend our summer vacati on.The Mona Lisa is widely see n as proof that good looks can last for ever.There is no doubt that he is guilty.There is great doubt whether he did so or not.二. 同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見(jiàn)的有：idea, situation thought,fact, evide nee, belief, doubt, fear, hope,

3、 questi on, theory, n ews, order, ability 等等。例句:How did the cheats ex plain the fact that the Emp eror did n't feel the new clothes in him?皇帝覺(jué)得身上并沒(méi)有穿上新衣，對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題騙子是怎樣解釋的The n ews that his heath is faili ng made us sad.他健康狀況不佳的消息使我們很難過(guò)。I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.我不知道他們?cè)谀睦锒?/p>

4、假。The questi on who should do the work requires con sideratio n.誰(shuí)該干這項(xiàng)工作的問(wèn)題需要考慮He was tortured by the doubt whether he would acce pt their p rese nts.他被是否接受他們的禮物這個(gè)疑慮所折磨著。三. 同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句The idea that you can do this work well without thi nking is quite wrong.你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。(作idea

5、的同位語(yǔ))He gabbed his suitcase and gave the imp ressi on he was board ing the plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。以下名詞常用于以上句型:advice, announ ceme nt, argume nt, belief, claim, con clusi on, decisi on,evide nee, explan atio n, fact, feeli ng, hop e, idea, i mp ressi on, in formati on,kno wledge, message, n

6、 ews, opinion, order, p robability, pro mise, prop osal,remark, reply, rep ort, say ing, stateme nt, suggesti on, thought, treat,war ning, wish, word【注意1 在某些名詞(如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolutio n等)后面的同 位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：There was a suggesti on that Brow n should be dropped from the team.有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)

7、。The suggestio n that the new rule be adop ted came from the chairma n.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。The resoluti on that wome n be allowed to join the society was carried.允許婦女參加這個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)的決議通過(guò)了。I can un dersta nd their eager ness that you should be the main sp eaker.我理解他們希望你作主要發(fā)言人的殷切心情。【注意2】 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that通常不省略，在非正式語(yǔ)體中

8、that 可以省略。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the imp ressi on he was board ing the plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。2.連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句The questi on whether we should call in a sp ecialist was an swered by the family doctor.我們是否請(qǐng)專家由家庭醫(yī)生來(lái)定。We are not inv estigati ng the questi on whether he is trustworth

9、y.我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問(wèn)題?！咀⒁狻縲hether可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。whether是否”可以引導(dǎo)：主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句。if是否”只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。3.其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句連接代詞 what, who, whom, whose, which引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句1）.1 have no idea what size shoes she wear我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。（ what 作定語(yǔ)）2）.1 have no idea which wine is bes it ' s a matter of personal t

10、a我不知道哪 種酒最好，這是個(gè)人口味的問(wèn)題。（which作定語(yǔ)）3）.The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who 作主語(yǔ)）4.連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句連接畐U詞 when, where, how, whyWe haven ' t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacatio n.到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有決定。四. 同位語(yǔ)從句的用法掌握同位語(yǔ)從句的用法要注意以下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:1.同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所

11、說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)，以使得整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)顯得平衡，即為分離同位語(yǔ)從句。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他從瑪麗那里 獲知了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被推遲的消息。/ Word came that Hussein had been cap tured.侯賽 因已被捕的消息傳來(lái)。2. 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)相似，通常位于某一名詞或代詞后面，但兩者存在明顯區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞性成分加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是該名詞性成分具體內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)（相當(dāng)于名詞的作用）。that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞that 不在該同位語(yǔ)從句中

12、充當(dāng)句子成分，但不能被省略，同位語(yǔ)從句還可以用whether、how等連詞引導(dǎo)（定語(yǔ)從句則不能）。定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞加以限制或修 飾、說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征（相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用），定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在 該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)特定的句子成分（that在其引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)的that經(jīng)常可被省略）。注意體會(huì)以下四組例句：（1）第一組例句: We can ' t solthe problem how we can travel faster than light.我們解決不 了如何才能超過(guò)光的速度這個(gè)問(wèn)題。（how引導(dǎo)的從句表示其前面的名詞the pr

13、oblem的具體內(nèi)容，屬于同位語(yǔ) 從句） I can ' t remember the problem that they ha我記不得他們的問(wèn)題了。（引導(dǎo)詞that就是that引導(dǎo)的從句中have的賓語(yǔ)，the problem的具體內(nèi)容也沒(méi)有得到說(shuō)明，故本句中that引導(dǎo)的從句是修飾Problem的定語(yǔ)從句）（2）第二組例句: I won ' t believe the fact that he lied to his moth我r不愿相信他對(duì)母親撒謊 的事實(shí)。（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)fact的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，that在其中不充當(dāng)具體 的句子成分）I won '

14、t believe the fact (that) he told m我不愿相信他告訴我的事實(shí)。（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)fact進(jìn)行限定，that在該從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)）（3）第三組例句: The n ews that Tom would go abroad is told by him.湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他 講的。（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)news的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，that在其中不充當(dāng)具 體的句子成分） The n ews that he told me is that Tom would go abroad n ext year. 他告訴我 的消息是湯姆來(lái)年將出國(guó)。（句中的第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)

15、定語(yǔ)從句限定先行詞news,第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ) 從句）第四組例句: We have no idea at all where he has gone我們根本不知道他去哪里了。（where引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明idea的具體內(nèi)容） That ' s the place where he was bOi那是他出生的地方。（where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句限定先行詞 place）五. 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1.從句所修飾詞的不同。同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾詞通常是少數(shù)一些表示抽象意義 的名詞，女口 belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibilit

16、y , thought , order , suggesti on , wish , an swer , in formati on , con clusi on , decisi on , discovery , kno wledge , law , opinion , p roblem , pro mise , proof , questi on , report , truth , risk 等。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以指人、物等2.連接詞的作用不同。連接同位語(yǔ)從句的 that只起連接作用，不在從句中 擔(dān)任任何句子成分。whether和how可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從 句。關(guān)系代詞

17、和關(guān)系副詞除了連接從句的作用外，還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的 句子成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞是關(guān)系詞， 常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有 that , which , who , whose , whom , whe n , where , why , as, than, but 等。3. 從句作用的不同。定語(yǔ)從句具有形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)先行詞起修飾、 限定作用，描述先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征，與先行詞之間是所屬關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句 具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)中心詞作進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充解釋，是中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。注：同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)名詞加以說(shuō)明，而定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)名詞加以限定修飾。區(qū)分同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句有一

18、種簡(jiǎn)便方法，就是將 名詞+that ”吉構(gòu)取 出，能在名詞和that之間加上be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句的，則是同位語(yǔ)從句, 否則是定語(yǔ)從句。I have got some news that you may not have heard.（定語(yǔ)從句）The n ews that had solved the hostage crisis sp read all over the world.（同位語(yǔ)從句）上面第二句前半部分可變?yōu)?The news is that had solved the hostage crisis.同位語(yǔ)邊緣知識(shí)歸納、什么叫同位語(yǔ)當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置

19、時(shí)，若其中一個(gè)句子成分 是用于說(shuō)明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分的，那么用于起說(shuō)明或解釋作用的句子成分 就叫做另一成分的同位語(yǔ)。如：Laura Myers, a BBC rep orter, asked for an in terview.勞拉 邁爾，BBC的記者，要求采訪。Mary, one of the most in tellige nt girls I kno w, is planning to atte nd the uni versity .瑪麗是我所認(rèn)識(shí)的最聰敏的姑娘之一，她正準(zhǔn)備上大學(xué)。Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一個(gè)人

20、是誰(shuí)？We have two childre n, a boy and a girl.我們有兩個(gè)孩子，一個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女 孩。以上所舉的同位語(yǔ)例子都是同位語(yǔ)的基本形式，一般不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。但有幾種 同位語(yǔ)，或由于身本結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，往往會(huì)引 起誤解?，F(xiàn)小結(jié)并舉例說(shuō)明如下。二、特殊同位語(yǔ)歸納1.代詞we, us, you等后接同位語(yǔ)Are you two read in g?你們二人在看書嗎？They three joined the school team.他們 3 人參加了校隊(duì)。She has great concern for us stude nts.她對(duì)我們學(xué)生很關(guān)心

21、。He asked you boys to be quiet.他要你們男孩子安靜些。We girls ofte n go to the movies together.我們女孩子經(jīng)常一起去看電影。2.不定式用作同位語(yǔ)Soon came the order to start the gen eral attack.很快下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻的命 令。(to start the general attack 與 the order 同位)He followed the in structi on to walk along a certai n street where I p icked him up.

22、 他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那里接他上了車。(to walk along與-the instruction同位)3. -ing分詞用作同位語(yǔ)He s getti ng a job toni ght drivi ng a truck他 今晚得到一個(gè)開(kāi)卡車的差事。(driving a track 與 a job 同位)She got a p lace in a laundry ironing shirts.她在一家洗衣店得至U個(gè)熨衣服的 職位。(ironing shirts 與 a place 同位)The first plan, attack ing at ni ght, was turned

23、dow n.第一個(gè)計(jì)劃是夜襲，被拒 絕了。 (attacking at night 與 the first plan 同位)4. 形容詞用作同位語(yǔ)The curre nt affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in .目前的交易會(huì)，是有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的，正在廣州舉行。He read all kinds of books, an cie nt and moder n, Chin ese and foreig n.他讀了很多書，古今中外都有。People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the p arade.老老少少的人都來(lái)到街頭觀看游行?！咀ⅰ窟@類同位語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。如:The curre nt affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in .二The curre nt affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in .5. none of us