冠詞和方位介詞的講解

1、頁(yè)眉內(nèi)容冠詞（a,an,the ）,方位介詞的用法I、冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an）,定冠詞（the）,和零冠詞。一、不定冠詞（a/an）的用法：a用于輔音前；an用于元音前。請(qǐng)注意以下2點(diǎn)：1 .拼寫以輔音字母開頭讀音卻以元音開頭的單詞hour'?n?, honest, honor等單詞的拼寫雖然以輔音字母h開頭，但其讀音卻以元音開頭，因此，前面要用等單詞的拼寫雖然以輔音字母 an?？墒煊浵旅孢@句話： An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable taskr、時(shí)前，位誠(chéng) 實(shí)的人接受了一項(xiàng)光榮的任務(wù)。2 .拼寫以元音字母開頭讀音卻以輔

2、音開頭的單詞useful 'ju:sful , university, usual, European,united, one-eyed'w?n'aid, one-way等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字母開頭，但其讀音卻以元音開 頭，因此，前面要用a等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字母開頭，但其讀音卻以輔音開頭?？墒?t 己下面這句話：In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing.柞一所大學(xué)里，有一個(gè)歐洲人和

3、一個(gè)獨(dú)眼龍拿著有用的 工具沿著一條單行道行走，這是件平常的事。1類人或事，相當(dāng)于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表小 每 相當(dāng)丁, every, oneWe study eight hours a day.4表不相同相當(dāng)丁，the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與 某名人肩類似性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is

4、 rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定詞組中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so（as, too, how）冊(cè)容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.不定冠詞的記憶口訣:冠詞a, an兩種帽，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要； 選帽只要聽讀音，不看字母能做到； 元音因素來開頭

5、，一定需要選 an帽;輔音因素帶a帽，記住規(guī)律莫亂套。、定冠詞的用法:1表示特指的人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的 人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于西洋樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar, play the piano5用于形容詞和分詞前表十類人the reach, the living, the wounded6在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前，表示 &

6、quot;家人”或 夫婦”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí) 前I live on the third floor.8用在某些有普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱，機(jī)the United States,美國(guó) the Communist Party of頁(yè)眉內(nèi)容關(guān)團(tuán)體，階級(jí)等專有名詞前China,中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨 the People's Republic of China中華人民共和國(guó)9在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，AT世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年 代in the 1990 s '10 用于方位名詞前Guangzhou lies in the south of China.1

7、1用于一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中by the way順便問一下，in the day在白天in the morning.在早上 the day before yesterday 前大, the next morning.第一天早上 in the sky在大空中 in the dark.在黑日看中in the end.在末尾，在結(jié)束定冠詞記憶口訣:特指雙方熟悉，上文已經(jīng)提及;世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二，方位西洋樂器;某些專有名詞，外加復(fù)數(shù)姓氏；序數(shù)詞最高級(jí)，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)要特記 三、零冠詞的用法：1當(dāng)專有名詞為人名、地名、國(guó)家名，物質(zhì) 名詞，抽象名詞表示泛指時(shí)前不用冠詞Beijing University, Jack, Chi

8、na, love, air2季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring3表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.4學(xué)科，諦言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.5與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land6名詞前面有物主代詞，指示代詞，不定代 詞或者名詞的所有格修飾時(shí)His book is on the desk.7表示/、可數(shù)名詞或泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Rice is very impor

9、tant to our country.Horses are useful animals.零冠詞記憶口訣:下列情況應(yīng)免冠，代詞限定名詞前；專有名詞不可數(shù)，學(xué)科球類三餐飯；復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，兩節(jié)星期月份前；顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名，稱呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。當(dāng)school, church, market, be而表示 處所”的名詞指的不是具體的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，前面通常不用加冠 詞，表目的go to school 去上學(xué) go to bed 去睡覺 go to church 去做禮拜 in hospital 住院in bed生病臥床當(dāng)加上定冠詞the,意義就又不一樣了go to the school 至U學(xué)校去go to t

10、he bed 至U床邊去 go to the church 去教堂 in the hospital在醫(yī)院in the bed睡在床上常見的這類名詞有： bed, university, sea, class, school, hospital, home, town, market等。三、課堂針對(duì)訓(xùn)練1. 冠詞的針對(duì)訓(xùn)練填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~2. we'll make card for our English teacher.3. The bus is running about seventy miles hour.4. Mary is interested in science.5. So

11、me people don't like to talk at table.6. Last night I went tobed very late.7. Don't worry. We still have little time left.8. What beautiful day! And what fine weather!9. In winter it is cold in Beijing and warm in Shanghai.10. John iscleverest boy in his class.11. We can't live without w

12、ater or air.12. 方位介詞：一、用 in 表時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合(1)表示 在某年/月/季節(jié)”這個(gè)含義時(shí)，須用介詞in。例如：She came to this city in 1980他于.1980年來到這個(gè)城市。It often rains here in summer!天這里常常下雨。(2)表示 從現(xiàn)在起一段時(shí)間以后”時(shí)，須用介詞in。例如：They will go to see you in a week他們將在一周后去看望你。I will be back in a month.我將在一個(gè)月后回來。(3)表示 在某世紀(jì)”時(shí)，須用介詞in.例如：This machine was inv

13、ented in the eighteenth century.臺(tái)機(jī)器是在 18 世紀(jì)發(fā)明的.Great changes took place in the twenty-first century.2甘:紀(jì)發(fā)生了 巨大變化.(4)表示在某年代或特定世紀(jì)某年代”時(shí)，須用介詞in。例如：This incident happened in the 1970's事件發(fā)生在 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代。The Anti-Japanese War broke out in the 1930's. 日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于 20 世紀(jì) 30 年代。除此之外，morning / evening / afte

14、rnoon 三個(gè)詞也常跟介詞in 連用。例如：Don't watch TV too much in the evening 晚上看電視不要太多。They sometimes play games in the aftern00nh 們有時(shí)在下午做游戲。二、用 on 表時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合on。( 1)表示 “在具體的某一天”或 “(在具體的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等，須用介詞例如：Jack was born on May 10th,1982. 杰克生于1982年 5 月 10日。They left on a rainy morning.他們是在一個(gè)雨天的早上離開的。He went back

15、to America on a summer afternoons 于個(gè)夏天的下午返回了 美國(guó)。(2)表示 在星期幾”或 在星期幾的早上、中午、晚上”等，須用介詞on。例如：We don't go to school on Saturday and Sund球們星期六和星期天不上學(xué)。What time do you get up on weekdays?你在平日什么時(shí)候起床？I heard this story on Saturday mornin講是在星期六的早晨聽到這個(gè)故事的。(3)表示 在某一節(jié)日”時(shí)，須用介詞on。例如：We usually eat mooncakes on M

16、id-autumn Festiva 我們通常在中秋節(jié)吃月餅。Mr Hu received a card on Teachers' Dayl老師在教師節(jié)那天收至U 了一張卡片。注意：當(dāng) morning,evening,afternoon被of短語(yǔ)修飾，習(xí)慣上用in,而不用on.例如：in the early morning of September 10th 在 9 月 10 的清晨；in the late afternoon of September 12th在 9 月 12 日的傍晚。三 用 at 表時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合( 1)時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。如：They came home at sun

17、rise( at noon, at midnight, at ten o at d aycblorecakk, , at dawn) .( 2)較短暫的一段時(shí)間?？芍改硞€(gè)節(jié)日或被認(rèn)為是一年中標(biāo)志大事的日子。如：He went home at Christmas ( at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at nigh) t .注意：一、at， in， on 的區(qū)別1. at表示地點(diǎn)：( 1)用于指較小的地方。如：I shall wait for you at the station.( 2)用于門牌號(hào)碼前。如：He lives at 115 Zhongsha

18、n Road.2. in 表示地點(diǎn)：( 1)用于指較大的地方。如：He lives in Shanghai.(2)雖然是很小的地方，如果說話人住在那里，也可用 in。商店、學(xué)校、機(jī)關(guān)等，若看作 一個(gè)地點(diǎn)(point)用at,若看作一個(gè)場(chǎng)所(place)用in。如：I met him at the post-office.I m now working in the po-sotffice.3. on表示地點(diǎn)，一般指與面或線接觸，意為 在上；在旁”。如：The picture was hanging on the wall.New York is on the Hudson Rive二.abov

19、e, over, on, up表示 在上”之間的區(qū)另U1. above指"上方”，表示相對(duì)高度，不一定在正上方，其反義詞為below。如：We re flyingabove the clouds.2. over指 在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反義詞為 under。如： The bridge is over theriver.3. on表示在上面”，與物體表面接觸，與 beneath相對(duì)。如：There is a map on the wall.The earth felt soft beneath our feet.4. up表示動(dòng)作的方向往上，反義詞為down。如：Please h

20、ang the picture up.三.across與through的區(qū)另Uacross是介詞，有 橫跨，橫穿，穿越”之意。across與go/walk等動(dòng)詞連用表示 穿過，越過， 橫穿”的意思。與cross基本同義，也是表示從物體表面經(jīng)過。如，The Great Green Wall is across the northwest of China綠色長(zhǎng)城橫跨中國(guó)西d 匕。Go across the road , you will find the post officeon your left.橫過這條公路，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)郵局就在你的左邊。through 是介詞， “在 .之中，透過”的意思，

21、常與go,walk 等動(dòng)詞連用，表示“穿越，橫穿”等意思。 主要表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過。如穿過森林、隧洞等。 例句， The two friends were walking throughthe forest這兩個(gè)朋友正7G著森林走。The sunlight comes through the glass日光透過玻璃。5. 方位介詞的針對(duì)訓(xùn)練選擇填空( ) 1. Children get gifts Christmas and their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( ) 2 a cold winter morning, I

22、 met her in the street.A. InB. On C. At D. For( ) 3 .A lot of students in our school were bornMarch, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since( ) 4 .he suddenly returneda rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during( )5. The train is starting_five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D.still( ) 6 .Is the street too narrow f

23、or the bus to go _?A. through B. across C. on D. in( ) 7. Mike does his exercises seven the evening.頁(yè)眉內(nèi)容A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on()8. A mother camel was walking her son the desert.A. without; along B. with; through C. next to; pass D. beside; through()9 .The river runs the city.A. acro

24、ss B. through C. over D. from()10. It took us over an hour to walk this street.A. from B. through C. over D. across復(fù)習(xí)鞏固一、選擇填空1. There is house in the picture. There is old woman near house.A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an2. He has already worked for hour.A. the B. an C. a D.

25、不填3. Alice is fond of playing piano.A. the B. an C. a D.不填4. Where is Jack? I think he is still in bed, but he might just be inbathroom.A.不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D.不填；the5. When do you have breakfast every day?A. a B. an C. the D.不填6. There is apple on the desk.A. a B .the C. an D.不填7. Granny to

26、ok one look at us her glassesA by B through C on D in8. My brother joined the armyA 1989, MarchB in March, 1989C March, 1989D 1989, in March9. People in the western countries enjoy a long holiday Christmas.A. at B. in D. for D. on10. There is an accident the crossroads midnight last night.A. at at 不

27、填 B. in at in C. on on不填D. by - on - at11. The twins got on well their classmates.A to B in C with D about12. - When did Mr Green arrive in London?He arrived there the evening of December 6th.A at B in C on D to13. Mr Black will go back to England.A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train14

28、. There is "h" in the word , “Hrautr "h" doesn' t make a sound.A. a , a B. a, theC. the, an D .an, the15.I want to try again. Please give me third chance again.A .a B. the C. an D.不填二.句子改錯(cuò)。每句中有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正。1. July is a seventh month of the year.2. We wait here for half a hour.3. Students often play the football after school.4. It s an European wolf.5. They often have a supper in a restaurant.6. Smiths are talking happily.7. Are you from the America?8. Panda live in China.9. On the Sunday