新版新目標(biāo)英語八年級下冊unit8知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?Section A1 . 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (1)基本句型：肯定式 : 主語 + 助動(dòng)詞 have/has +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 .疑問式: 助動(dòng)詞 Have/Has + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?否定式: 主語+ 助動(dòng)詞 have/has + not +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(2)主要用法a表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,ju嘛連用。I have finished my homework. I am free(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)，對現(xiàn)在

2、造成的結(jié)果是很有空) b.表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).常與 since + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)， for + 一段時(shí)間， so far 等時(shí)間狀語連用。I have learnt English for more than ten year豉已經(jīng)學(xué)了 10多年的英語。(10年前開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))She has swum since half an hour ag我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳，到現(xiàn)在還在游) already/ yet 的區(qū)別： (3)already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣； yet 用于否定句和疑問句。He has alre

3、ady left here.他已經(jīng)離開這里了。My teachers haven t had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。Have you written to your parents yet?2 .Whats it like? 它怎么樣？(1)某物怎么樣？What s 物+ +like? How+be + 物？(2)某人怎么樣？What s 人+ +like? 用來提問人的性格3 3) What do / does叭 + look like?用來提問人的外表。3. full of 充滿 be full of = be filled with 充滿4. grow u

4、p 長大；成長I grew up in Beijing.grow into 長大成為 Mary grew into a beautiful girl.5. hurry up 趕快；急忙（做某事）（用在口語中，用來催促別人快走）in a hurry 匆忙地 hurry to do sth 匆忙去做hurry off 匆忙離開6. due adj.預(yù)期；預(yù)定，通常只用作表語be due to do sth預(yù)期做某事You are due to hand in your composition on Friday afternoon.7. in two weeks 兩周之后， in 在 以后in+一

5、段時(shí)間用在一般將來時(shí)的句子中，在 (時(shí)間)后He will be back in a week. 一周之后，他將回來?！咀⒁狻?after 常用在一般過去式的句子中。He got to Beijing after two hours. 他是兩個(gè)下時(shí)候到北京的。8. nothing 沒有什么；沒有東西不定代詞，什么也沒有，沒有東 =not - anything.There is nothing in the fridge.She has nothing to do .(2)當(dāng)有修飾詞來修飾nothing 等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在不定代詞后面。修飾詞可以是形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。I want somet

6、hing to drink. I have nothing special to tell you.(3)在英語中，不定代詞有：something anything everythingeveryone everybody someoneanyone somebody anybody no one nothing nobodyWould you like 陀的東西）?9. bring 帶來fetch/ bring/ takefetch v去拿來=get 去（某地） 拿來（講話者處）（2）bring （brought, brought） v帶來從（某地）拿到（講話者處）bring up 養(yǎng)育，養(yǎng)

7、大 bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb.給某人帶某物take v帶來 從（講話者）拿走 take -took - takentake care 小心 take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，看管 take hold of 握住 take off 脫下 take out 取出take a 100k看一看 take away 拿走 take exercise做運(yùn)動(dòng) take it easy 不緊張 take one s tim容不迫10. else其他的；別的（1）other adj.別的；其他的 修飾n.放名詞前作定語。on the other hand另一方面else

8、adj.別的；其他的 放疑問詞或不定代詞之后。.What do you want to say?.What thing do you want? A. other B. others C. else D. till.There is in his home. A. other nothing B. nothing other C. else nothing D. nothing else11. see sb. doing sth看見某人正在做某事see sb. do sth看見某人做了某事12. have been （in）待在某地have/has gone tcJ某地去，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場W

9、here is Jimi?吉姆在哪里？ He has gone to England他去英國了。（尚未回來）（2）have/has been t陰經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在已不在那里了，后可接次數(shù)，如once, twice, three times等，表示 去過某地幾次，也可和just, never, ever等連用。My father has been to Beijing twice.我父親去過北京兩次。（3）have been in表示“在某地呆了多少時(shí)間”，常與時(shí)間段狀語連用。I have been in Shanghai for three year s 我至 U上海已有三年了13.the o

10、ther 另一個(gè)詞條含義用法other泛指其他的人、物作形容詞或代詞，其后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式the other指兩個(gè)人或物中的一個(gè)通常用于固定短語one. The other .中others泛指另外幾個(gè)，其余的是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，在句中作主語、賓語the others其他東西；其余的人們特指某一范圍的“其他的人或物”another其他的；再一個(gè)；另一個(gè)只能用于三個(gè)或更多的人或物14.towards prep.朝；向；對著（移向某處，只表方向）go/ walk towards . 走向drive towards .向.開去She was walking towards the town wh

11、en I met her.towards / totowards表示“向著某個(gè)方向”，沒有“到達(dá)”之意to二般接在 come, go, move等動(dòng)詞之后，表小 向、往 ，有到達(dá) 之思。15. name v命名 n.名字；名稱 adj.位于所修飾的名詞之后，名為 的” =named16. Would you like ？(1)would like想要、愿意want比want語氣委婉、客氣。后接名詞、代詞賓格或動(dòng)詞不定式。其中 would 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，?？煽s寫為dLucy would like some eggs 露茜想要一些雞蛋。We d like to watch TV after scho

12、o放學(xué)之后，我們想要看電視。（2）would like 的固定句型a. Would you like some你想要一些嗎？ 該句型常用于征求對方的意見?？隙ɑ卮鸪Ｓ?“Yes, please，.” 否定回答常用 “ No, thanks. ”需要特別注意的是，在該句型中要用some,而不用any,以表示說話人希望得到肯定回答。Would you like some apples粉想要一些蘋果嗎？ Yes, please.是的，我想要。No, thanks.不，謝謝。 b.Would you like to do sth ?你愿意去做嗎？該句型表示向?qū)Ψ接卸Y貌地提出建議或發(fā)出邀請，其中 lik

13、e可用love替換。Would you like/ love to play football with me?你想要和我一起踢足球嗎？Yes, I d like / love混的，我非常愿意。I d like/ love to. But I fm 腕ofiusy.但我太忙了。c.Would like to do sth. 想要做某事；Would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事He would like to go out for a walk.他想要出去散步。Our parents would like us to study welL我們的父母想要我們好好學(xué)習(xí)。1

14、7. wait v等，等候，等待 -waiter n侍者can t wait to do sth!不及待地做某事(1) wait for 等候 (后接名詞、代詞) Please wait for me at the gate.Wait a moment! 等一等。 be kept waiting 一直等著。keep sb. waiting = make sb. wait 叫人等著。(2)wait to do sth 等著做某事18. What do you think of你?為怎么樣？think of / think about / think over 辨析：(1)think of提到(某

15、人、某物、某事或某主意等),考慮，思考，對有某種看法，后接名詞，代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing 形式。What do you think of your Chinese teacher?I like her very much.think of思考，考慮，對 .有某種看法=think aboutWhat do you think of the movie? = What do you think about the movie?(3) think of 相出，想著，想起，不可用 think about 代替。 I always think of my childhood.(4) think over仔細(xì)考

16、慮，認(rèn)真考慮，強(qiáng)調(diào)思考的程度比think of/ about深。=think about.而卿.其中over是副詞，賓語若是名詞，則可位于 over 之前或之后；當(dāng)賓語是代詞時(shí)，則必須放在 over 之前。Think it over before you do it.It s very important for you. You must think it o.verSection B1 . fight over 為爭吵fight for + 抽象名詞（事業(yè)、自由、權(quán)利） 等 為 而斗爭have a fight with 和 打了一架2 . abroad adv在國外；至U國外 My fat

17、her often goes abroad.abroad用法：表示到（在）國外，是一個(gè)副詞，前面不加介詞。go abroad 出國 live abroad 住在國外at home and abroad 在國內(nèi)外3 .return = come / go backiJM= give sth back 歸還returen . to . 把歸還給 Don t forget to return it to the library.4 .on the radio 在收音機(jī)里；通過無線廣播介詞 on 表示 “ 以方式”on the Internet 通過因特網(wǎng)；在網(wǎng)上on the telephone 通過

18、電話on TV 通過電視5 .actually真實(shí)地，事實(shí)上actually和in fact用法的區(qū)別(1)(無比較級、最高級)實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上，實(shí)際He looks unpleasant, but actually he is very kind.他看起來板著面孔，但事實(shí)上很和藹。(2)in fact =really, trulyNo one believed it, but in fact, Mary did pass her exam.(3)in fact通常作狀語，用于書面語，修飾副詞不可單獨(dú)使用。really, truly可作狀語或表語，可單獨(dú)使用，既可用于書面也可用于口語中。6 .e

19、ver since自從以來 作連詞時(shí)=since, ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).I haven t heard from him since last year. =I have heard from him ever since last year.7 .modern adj.現(xiàn)代的，當(dāng)代的8 .such as例如,諸如此類的,像 那樣的=like或for examplesuch as后不可列出前面所提過的所有東西。I know four languages, such as Japanese and English懂四種語言， 如日語、 英語(1)for example例如，一

20、般只以同類事物或人中的“一個(gè)”為例，作插入語，用逗號隔開，可置于句首、句 中或旬末。for example意為用來舉例說明，有時(shí)可作為獨(dú)立語，插在句中，不影響句子其他部分的語法關(guān)系。He, for example, is a good student.例如，他就是個(gè)好學(xué)生。(2)such as例如，用來列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子。such as用來列舉事物，插在被列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，as后不可以有逗號，可以與and so on連用Boys such as John and James are very friend像約翰和詹姆斯這樣的男孩者B很友好。9.succeed v 成功，達(dá)至U

21、 fsuccess n 成功-successful adj 成功的fsuccessfullyadv 成功地 succeed in doing sthmake a success 得成功10. belong v 屬于； 歸屬 =be owned bybelong to + 人名(不能用所有格)+代詞賓格(不能用物主代詞)屬于belong to不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)形式，其主語常常是物。(3) Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb sThe yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smith s.11 .

22、be kind to 對友好=be friendly tokind of有點(diǎn)兒，有幾分=a little或a bita kind of 一種 all kinds of 各種各樣的different kinds of 不同種類的what kind of的種類（用來詢問事物的類別）12 .million 一百萬hundred n 百 hundreds of 數(shù)以百的thousand n 千thousands of成千上萬的million n 百萬 millions of成百萬的(1)當(dāng)million前面有具體的數(shù)字時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式當(dāng)million后與of連用時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，millions of是數(shù)百萬的意思，前面不能加數(shù)詞 【口訣】：具體的不加s也不加of,不具體的加s也加of13 . hope v 希望(1)hope to do sth.希望做某事 I hope(see) you again.(2)hope +that 從旬I hope you may succeed(3)I hope so我希望是這樣(4