先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)論文

1、先進(jìn)制造技術(shù) 制造業(yè)是現(xiàn)代國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和綜合國力的重要支柱，其生產(chǎn)總值一般占一個國家國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的20%55%。在一個國家的企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力構(gòu)成中，制造技術(shù)的作用一般占60%左右。專家認(rèn)為，世界上各個國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的競爭，主要是制造技術(shù)的競爭。其競爭能力最終體現(xiàn)在所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的市場占有率上。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展以及顧客需求和市場環(huán)境的不斷變化，這種競爭日趨激烈，因而各國政府都非常重視對先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的研究。先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)是集制造技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、自動化技術(shù)、能源技術(shù)、材料科學(xué)以及現(xiàn)代化管理技術(shù)等眾多技術(shù)的交叉、融合和滲透而發(fā)展起來的，設(shè)計到制造業(yè)中產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計、加工裝配、檢驗測試、經(jīng)營管理、市場營銷等產(chǎn)品

2、生命周期全過程，以實現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、低耗、清潔、靈活的生產(chǎn)，提高對動態(tài)市場的適應(yīng)能力和競爭能力的一項綜合技術(shù)。先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為制造企業(yè)在激烈市場競爭中立于不敗之地并求得迅速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素，成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和滿足人類日益增長需求的重要支撐，成為加速高新技術(shù)發(fā)展和實現(xiàn)國防現(xiàn)代化的助推器。先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)包括以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容：制造業(yè)和先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代設(shè)計技術(shù)、先進(jìn)制造工藝技術(shù)、制造自動化技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)、先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)制造模式。當(dāng)前制造科學(xué)要解決的問題主要集中在以下幾方面：（1）        制造系統(tǒng)是一個復(fù)雜的大系統(tǒng)，為滿足制造系統(tǒng)敏捷性、快速響應(yīng)和快速

3、重組的能力，必須借鑒信息科學(xué)、生命科學(xué)和社會科學(xué)等多學(xué)科的研究成果，探索制造系統(tǒng)新的體系結(jié)構(gòu)、制造模式和制造系統(tǒng)有效的運(yùn)行機(jī)制。制造系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的運(yùn)行狀況是制造系統(tǒng)建模、仿真和優(yōu)化的主要目標(biāo)。制造系統(tǒng)新的體系結(jié)構(gòu)不僅對制造企業(yè)的敏捷性和對需求的響應(yīng)能力及可重組能力有重要意義，而且對制造企業(yè)底層生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的柔性和可動態(tài)重組能力提出了更高的要求。生物制造觀越來越多地被引入制造系統(tǒng)，以滿足制造系統(tǒng)新的要求。（2）        為支持快速敏捷制造，幾何知識的共享已成為制約現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)中產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和制造的關(guān)鍵問題。例如在計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計與制造(CADCAM

4、)集成、坐標(biāo)測量(CMM)和機(jī)器人學(xué)等方面，在三維現(xiàn)實空間(3-Real Space)中，都存在大量的幾何算法設(shè)計和分析等問題，特別是其中的幾何表示、幾何計算和幾何推理問題；在測量和機(jī)器人路徑規(guī)劃及零件的尋位(如Localization)等方面，存在C-空間(配置空間Configuration Space)的幾何計算和幾何推理問題；在物體操作(夾持、抓取和裝配等)描述和機(jī)器人多指抓取規(guī)劃、裝配運(yùn)動規(guī)劃和操作規(guī)劃方面則需要在旋量空間(Screw Space)進(jìn)行幾何推理。制造過程中物理和力學(xué)現(xiàn)象的幾何化研究形成了制造科學(xué)中幾何計算和幾何推理等多方面的研究課題，其理論有待進(jìn)一步突破，當(dāng)前一門新學(xué)科

5、-計算機(jī)幾何正在受到日益廣泛和深入的研究。（3）        在現(xiàn)代制造過程中，信息不僅已成為主宰制造產(chǎn)業(yè)的決定性因素，而且還是最活躍的驅(qū)動因素。提高制造系統(tǒng)的信息處理能力已成為現(xiàn)代制造科學(xué)發(fā)展的一個重點(diǎn)。由于制造系統(tǒng)信息組織和結(jié)構(gòu)的多層次性，制造信息的獲取、集成與融合呈現(xiàn)出立體性、信息度量的多維性、以及信息組織的多層次性。在制造信息的結(jié)構(gòu)模型、制造信息的一致性約束、傳播處理和海量數(shù)據(jù)的制造知識庫管理等方面，都還有待進(jìn)一步突破。（4）        各種人工智能工具和計算智能方法在制造中的廣泛應(yīng)用促進(jìn)了制造智能的

6、發(fā)展。一類基于生物進(jìn)化算法的計算智能工具，在包括調(diào)度問題在內(nèi)的組合優(yōu)化求解技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中，受到越來越普遍的關(guān)注，有望在制造中完成組合優(yōu)化問題時的求解速度和求解精度方面雙雙突破問題規(guī)模的制約。制造智能還表現(xiàn)在：智能調(diào)度、智能設(shè)計、智能加工、機(jī)器人學(xué)、智能控制、智能工藝規(guī)劃、智能診斷等多方面?，F(xiàn)代設(shè)計技術(shù)是先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)中的首要關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，它是現(xiàn)代科技發(fā)展和全球市場競爭的產(chǎn)物。 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計是以社會需求為目標(biāo)，在一定設(shè)計原則的約束下，利用設(shè)計方法和手段創(chuàng)造出產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的過程。市場競爭的需要和各種新方法、新技術(shù)、新工藝、新材料不斷涌現(xiàn)，推動了設(shè)計方法和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，產(chǎn)品設(shè)計從傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗設(shè)計進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代設(shè)計?，F(xiàn)代設(shè)計是傳

7、統(tǒng)設(shè)計的深入、豐富和完善，而非獨(dú)立于傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計的全新設(shè)計。雖然目前對現(xiàn)代設(shè)計尚無確切定義，但可從以下特征來理解。 以計算機(jī)技術(shù)為核心：設(shè)計手段的更新、產(chǎn)品表示的改變、設(shè)計方法的發(fā)展、工作方式的變化、設(shè)計與制造一體化、管理水平的提高、組織模式的開放。 以設(shè)計理論為指導(dǎo)：現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法是基于理論形成的方法，利用這種方法指導(dǎo)設(shè)計可減小經(jīng)驗設(shè)計的盲目性和隨意性，提高設(shè)計的主動性、科學(xué)性和準(zhǔn)確性。因此，現(xiàn)代設(shè)計是以理論指導(dǎo)為主、經(jīng)驗為輔的一種設(shè)計?，F(xiàn)代設(shè)計的內(nèi)涵就是以市場為驅(qū)動，以知識為依托，以知識獲取為中心，以產(chǎn)品全生命周期為對象，人、機(jī)、環(huán)境相容的設(shè)計理念。它是以運(yùn)動學(xué)、靜力學(xué)與動力學(xué)、材料力學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)力

8、學(xué)、熱力學(xué)、電磁學(xué)、工程數(shù)學(xué)的基本原理與方法等方面為技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)的。無論是設(shè)計對象的描述，設(shè)計信息的處理、加工、推理與映射及驗證，都離不開設(shè)計方法學(xué)、產(chǎn)品的可信性設(shè)計技術(shù)及設(shè)計試驗技術(shù)所提供的多種理論與方法及手段的支撐。設(shè)計原則是為設(shè)計產(chǎn)品應(yīng)滿足的條件，也是對設(shè)計行為的約束。受設(shè)計水平、觀念、體制等限制，傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計所考慮的原則著眼于產(chǎn)品的功能和技術(shù)范疇，而設(shè)計的影響貫穿產(chǎn)品整個生命周期，所以設(shè)計原則必須面向生命周期內(nèi)的各個階段。現(xiàn)代設(shè)計原則是傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計原則的擴(kuò)充和完善，兩者并無本質(zhì)區(qū)別?？蓺w納為以下幾類。（1）功能滿足原則。（2）質(zhì)量保障原則：性能指標(biāo)、可靠性、強(qiáng)度原則、剛度原則、穩(wěn)定性、抗磨損性、抗

9、腐蝕性、抗蠕變性、動態(tài)特性、平衡特性、熱特性。（3）工藝優(yōu)良原則：可制造性、可裝配性、可測試性。（4）經(jīng)濟(jì)合理原則。（5）社會使用原則：環(huán)境友好性、環(huán)境適應(yīng)性、人機(jī)友好性、可維修性、安全性、可安裝性、可拆卸性、可回收性。現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法實質(zhì)上是科學(xué)方法論在設(shè)計中的應(yīng)用。概括為十一論：突變論、信息論、智能論、系統(tǒng)論、優(yōu)化論、對應(yīng)論、功能論、控制論、離散論、模糊論、藝術(shù)論。這些論與廣義設(shè)計(有目的的意識活動)直接有關(guān)，有的已形成單一學(xué)科，有的正在形成。目前所指的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計技術(shù)：1）現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法學(xué)。2）計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計技術(shù)。3）可信性設(shè)計?，F(xiàn)代設(shè)計技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)：設(shè)計理論與方法的延伸、思維的變化及設(shè)計范疇的擴(kuò)展

10、。多種設(shè)計技術(shù)、理論與方法的交叉與綜合。設(shè)計手段的精確化、計算機(jī)化、自動化與虛擬化。并行化、最優(yōu)化和智能化的設(shè)計過程。面向產(chǎn)品壽命周期全過程的可信性設(shè)計。多種設(shè)計試驗技術(shù)的綜合運(yùn)用。展望現(xiàn)代設(shè)計技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢，大致有以下幾方面：1)設(shè)計過程的數(shù)字化。2)設(shè)計過程的自動化和智能化研究。3)動態(tài)多變量優(yōu)化和工程不確定模型優(yōu)化(模糊優(yōu)化)、不可微模型優(yōu)化及多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化等優(yōu)化方法與程序的研究，并進(jìn)一步發(fā)展到廣義工程大系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計的研究。4)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化并行設(shè)計及協(xié)同設(shè)計技術(shù)、方法及軟件的研究。5)虛擬設(shè)計和仿真虛擬試驗及快速成形技術(shù)的深入研究。6)大力普及、推廣與發(fā)展CAD技術(shù)的應(yīng)用研究，其重點(diǎn)是研制開發(fā)功

11、能強(qiáng)的商品化軟件。7)面向集成制造和分布式經(jīng)營管理的設(shè)計方法、人員組織及規(guī)劃的研究。8)微型機(jī)電系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計理論及設(shè)計方法和技術(shù)的研究。9)面向生態(tài)環(huán)境的綠色設(shè)計理論與方法的研究。10)注重基礎(chǔ)性設(shè)計理論及共性設(shè)計技術(shù)的深層次研究。機(jī)械制造工藝技術(shù)是把各種原材料、半成品加工成機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的方法和過程。隨著機(jī)械制造的發(fā)展和科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，機(jī)械制造工藝的內(nèi)涵和面貌正不斷地發(fā)生變化。近一二十年來機(jī)械制造工藝技術(shù)體系的發(fā)展和主要內(nèi)容表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面。1）常規(guī)工藝的不斷優(yōu)化及傳統(tǒng)加工工藝的改造和革新。2）超精密工程包括精密加工、超精密加工技術(shù)、細(xì)微加工技術(shù)等。3）特種加工方法又稱非傳統(tǒng)加工方法，它是指一些物理

12、、化學(xué)的加工方法。超高速加工技術(shù)是指采用超硬材料刀具、磨具和能可靠地實現(xiàn)高速運(yùn)動的高精度、高自動化、高柔性的制造設(shè)備，以極大地提高切削速度來達(dá)到材料切除率的現(xiàn)代化制造加工技術(shù)。其與常規(guī)切削相比在提高生產(chǎn)率、降低生產(chǎn)成本、減少熱變形和以及實現(xiàn)高精度、高質(zhì)量、零件加工等方面具有明顯優(yōu)勢。超精密加工和精密加工是相對而言的，其間的界隨時間的推移而不斷變化，而精密和超精密在不同時期應(yīng)該以不同的尺度來區(qū)分。超精密加工所涉及的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域：1）加工技術(shù)：超精密車削、超精密砂輪磨削、超精密研磨和拋光等。2）材料技術(shù)：超精密加工刀具材料、刀具磨具制備及刃磨技術(shù)。3）加工設(shè)備：超精密切削機(jī)床、各種研磨機(jī)等。4）必須在

13、穩(wěn)定的加工環(huán)境下進(jìn)行，必須具備各種物理效應(yīng)恒定的環(huán)境等。特種加工是將電、磁、聲、光、化學(xué)等能量或其組合施加工件的被加工部位上，從而實現(xiàn)材料被去除、變形、改變性能等非傳統(tǒng)加工方法?，F(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)是在西方國家建立和發(fā)展的一種先進(jìn)的管理方法和模式。隨著國際市場經(jīng)濟(jì)逐漸走向成熟和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn)，人們逐漸將眼光從較為封閉的企業(yè)內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)向其視野可能達(dá)到的世界任何一個角落，生產(chǎn)管理的研究對象也就不僅僅局限于制造業(yè)內(nèi)部的類似于計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)模式的有形產(chǎn)品的加工過程，而是在向企業(yè)的上游和下游延伸的同時，向第三產(chǎn)業(yè)延伸，包括金融、商業(yè)貿(mào)易，直至國家各級政府。這個延伸和發(fā)展的過程反映了傳統(tǒng)的“生產(chǎn)管理學(xué)”已不再

14、適應(yīng)企業(yè)管理的需要，因為顧客變得越來越挑剔，引發(fā)了市場的瞬息萬變，導(dǎo)致企業(yè)間的競爭變得似乎無序。生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理在于探索企業(yè)在運(yùn)作過程中如何不斷地優(yōu)化企業(yè)所能調(diào)度的一切資源要素，借以提升運(yùn)作過程對日益挑剔、需求日趨個性化的顧客的滿意度，竭力提高符合環(huán)境保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)質(zhì)量，努力降低運(yùn)作成本，提升時間的價值和生產(chǎn)/服務(wù)過程的柔性，提高企業(yè)化解環(huán)境風(fēng)險的能力，這也是不斷探索提升企業(yè)核心競爭能力的基礎(chǔ)和源泉。企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營實踐活動中，需要不斷探索如何根據(jù)自身所處的客觀環(huán)境和所具備的具體資源條件，將當(dāng)今世界上最為現(xiàn)代化的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)以及與之相對應(yīng)的管理理論、思想、方法和手段進(jìn)行徹底的解密，兼

15、收并蓄、消化吸收，求解企業(yè)運(yùn)作的客觀規(guī)律和激勵因素，并不斷地再創(chuàng)新，構(gòu)造出以自然為中心的、以人為本的、適合自身特點(diǎn)的、靈活激動的競爭模式、思想體系和管理體系。先進(jìn)制造工藝的技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢：1、        采用模擬技術(shù)，優(yōu)化工藝設(shè)計。成形、改性與加工是機(jī)械制造工藝的主要工序，是將原材料（主要是金屬材料）制造加工成毛坯或零部件的過程。這些工藝過程特別是熱加工過程是極其復(fù)雜的高溫、動態(tài)、瞬時過程，其間發(fā)生一系列復(fù)雜的物理、化學(xué)、冶金變化，這些變化不僅不能直接觀察，間接測試也十分困難，因而多年來，熱加工工藝設(shè)計只能憑“經(jīng)驗”。近年來，應(yīng)用計算機(jī)技術(shù)及現(xiàn)代測試技

16、術(shù)形成的熱加工工藝模擬及優(yōu)化設(shè)計技術(shù)風(fēng)靡全球，成為熱加工各個學(xué)科最為熱門的研究熱點(diǎn)和跨世紀(jì)的技術(shù)前沿。2、        成形精度向近無余量方向發(fā)展。毛坯和零件的成形是機(jī)械制造的第一道工序。金屬毛坯和零件的成形一般有鑄造、鍛造、沖壓、焊接和軋材下料五類方法。隨著毛坯精密成形工藝的發(fā)展，零件成形的型成形的形狀尺寸精度正從近凈成形（Near Net Shape Forming）向凈成形（Net Shape Forming）即近無余量成形方向發(fā)展。3、        成形質(zhì)量向近無“缺陷”方向發(fā)展。毛坯和零件成形質(zhì)量高低

17、的一另一指標(biāo)是缺陷的多少、大小和危害程度。由于熱加工過程十分復(fù)雜，因素多變，所以很難避免缺陷的產(chǎn)生。近年來熱加工界提出了“向近無“缺陷”方向發(fā)展”的目標(biāo)，這個“缺陷”是指不致引起早期失效的臨界缺陷概念。采取的主要措施有：采用先進(jìn)工藝，凈化熔融金屬薄板，增大合金組織的致密度，為得到健全的鑄件、鍛件奠定基礎(chǔ)；采用模擬技術(shù)，優(yōu)化工藝設(shè)計，實現(xiàn)一次成形及試模成功；加強(qiáng)工藝過程監(jiān)控及無損檢測，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)超標(biāo)零件；通過零件安全可靠性能研究及評估，確定臨界缺陷量值等。4、        機(jī)械加工向超精密、超高速方向發(fā)展。超精密加工技術(shù)目前已進(jìn)入納米加工時代，加工精度達(dá)0

18、.025m，表面粗糙度達(dá)0.0045m。精切削加工技術(shù)由目前的紅處波段向加工可見光波段或不可見紫外線和X射線波段趨近；超精加工機(jī)床向多功能模塊化方向發(fā)展；超精加工材料由金屬擴(kuò)大到非金屬。5、        采用新型能源及復(fù)合加工，解決新型材料的加工和表面改性難題。激光、電子束、離子束、分子束、等離子體、微波、超聲波、電液、電磁、高壓水射流等新型能源或能源載體的引入，形成了多咱嶄新的特種加工及高密度能切割、焊接、熔煉、鍛壓、熱處理、表面保護(hù)等加工工藝或復(fù)合工藝。其中以多種形式的激光加工發(fā)展最為迅速。這些新工藝不僅提高了加工效率和質(zhì)量，同時還解決了超硬材料、

19、高分子材料、復(fù)合材料、工程陶瓷等新型材料的加工難題。6、        采用自動化技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)工藝過程的優(yōu)化控制。微電子、計算機(jī)、自動化技術(shù)與工藝設(shè)備相結(jié)合，形成了從單機(jī)到系統(tǒng)，從剛性到柔性，從簡單到復(fù)雜等不同檔次的多種自動化成形加工技術(shù)，使工藝過程控制方式發(fā)生質(zhì)的變化。7、        采用清潔能源及原材料、實現(xiàn)清潔生產(chǎn)。機(jī)械加工過程產(chǎn)生大量廢水、廢渣、廢氣、噪聲、振動、熱輻射等，勞動條件繁重危險，已不適應(yīng)當(dāng)代清潔生產(chǎn)的要求。近年來清潔生產(chǎn)成為加工過程的一個新的目標(biāo)，除搞好三廢治理外，重在從源頭抓起，杜絕污染的產(chǎn)

20、生。8、        加工與設(shè)計之間的界限逐漸淡化，并趨向集成及一體化。CAD/CAM、FMS、CIMS、并行工程、快速原型等先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)及哲理的出現(xiàn)，使加工與設(shè)計之間的界限逐漸淡化，并走向一體化。同時冷熱加工之間，加工過程、檢測過程、物流過程、裝配過程之間的界限亦趨向談化，、消失，而集成于統(tǒng)一的制造系統(tǒng)之中。9、        工藝技術(shù)與信息技術(shù)、管理技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合，先進(jìn)制造生產(chǎn)模式獲得不斷發(fā)展。先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)系統(tǒng)是一個由技術(shù)、人和組織構(gòu)成的集成體系，三者有效集成才能取得滿意的效果。因而先進(jìn)制造工藝只有通過和信息、

21、管理技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合，不斷探索適應(yīng)需求的新型生產(chǎn)模式，才能提高先進(jìn)制造工藝的使用效果。先進(jìn)制造生產(chǎn)模式主要有：柔性生產(chǎn)、準(zhǔn)時生產(chǎn)、精益生產(chǎn)、敏捷制造、并行工程、分散網(wǎng)絡(luò)化制造等。這些先進(jìn)制造模式是制造工藝與信息、管理技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合的結(jié)果，反過來它也影響并促進(jìn)制造工藝的不斷革新與發(fā)展。參考文獻(xiàn)：王隆太主編 先進(jìn)制造技術(shù) 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2003孫唯琦主編 生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2004王國強(qiáng)主編 現(xiàn)代設(shè)計技術(shù) 北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 2006周驥平主編 機(jī)械制造自動化技術(shù) 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2003The advanced manufacturing technologyMan

22、ufacturing is the modern national economy and the comprehensive national strength and the important pillar of its GDP, a national average GDP of 20% 55%. In a country's productive forces in general, manufacturing technology of the role of 60%. Experts believe that the world each country economy

23、competition, is mainly manufacturing technology of the competition. Its competitive ability in the production of products embodiment of the market share. Along with the rapid development of economy, technology and customer needs and market environment, the increasingly fierce competition, so governm

24、ents have attached great importance to the advanced manufacturing technology research. The advanced manufacturing technology is set manufacturing technology and electronic technology, information technology, automation technology, energy and material science and the modern management technology, etc

25、, and the technology of cross penetration, design to manufacturing product design, processing and assembling, testing, management, marketing, etc. The product life cycle, in order to realize the process of high quality, high efficiency, low consumption, clean, flexible production, improve the market

26、 for dynamic adaptive ability and competition ability of an integrated technology. The advanced manufacturing technology has become a manufacturing enterprise in the fierce market competition and the rapid development of key factors and becoming a world economic development and meet the demand of hu

27、man increasingly important strut, accelerate development of high-tech achievements and realizing defense modernization.The advanced manufacturing technology, including the following aspects: the manufacturing and advanced manufacturing technology, modern design technology, advanced manufacturing tec

28、hnology, manufacturing automation technology, modern production management technology, advanced manufacturing mode.The science and the problems to be solved are mainly concentrated in the following aspects:(1) manufacturing system is a complex system, to meet the manufacturing system agility, fast r

29、esponse and rapid reorganized ability, must be reference information science and life science and social science research achievements of multidisciplinary, explore new system structure, system manufacturing mode and manufacturing system effective operation mechanism. Manufacturing system optimizati

30、on of organizational structure and good operation condition is manufacturing system modeling, simulation and optimization of main goal. The new system structure of manufacturing system not only for the manufacturing enterprise agility and to demand response ability and reconfigurable ability, and ha

31、s important significance for manufacturing enterprises of production equipment and the bottom of flexible dynamic reconfiguration ability can be put forward higher request. Biological manufacturing view increasingly by introducing manufacturing system, in order to meet the requirements of new manufa

32、cturing system.(2) support for the rapid agile manufacturing, geometrical knowledge sharing has become a modern manufacturing technology in product development and manufacturing of key problems. For example in computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and

33、learn, etc., in the three-dimensional reality Space (3 - it is Real, there are a lot of geometry algorithm design and analysis of the problems, especially the geometric representation, geometry calculation and geometric reasoning problems, In the measurement and robot path planning and parts of (suc

34、h as Localization) etc, C - spaceFrom the Configuration Space (it) geometric calculation and geometric reasoning problems, In the object operation (gripping, grab and assembly, etc) and robot by grasping planning, assembly movement planning and operation plan requires in Screw Space (it) Screw geome

35、try reasoning. Manufacturing process of the phenomenon of physics and mechanics research formed the geometry of geometry calculation and make scientific reasoning and geometric etc, and its theoretical research further breakthrough, currently a new subject, the computer is widely and geometry.(3) in

36、 the modern manufacturing process, not only has become the decisive factor dominated manufacture industry, but also the most active factor of the driver. Improve manufacturing system of information processing capability has become a modern manufacturing science development. As the system structure o

37、f the information organization and multi-links, manufacturing, information acquisition, integration and fusion presents three-dimensional, information measure of multidimensionality, and multi-links of information organization. In the manufacture of information structure model, the consistency of in

38、formation transmission and constraint, and mass data of manufacturing knowledge management, etc., are still further.(4) all sorts of artificial intelligence tools and methods in the manufacture of computational intelligence widely promoted the development of intelligent manufacturing. Based on a bio

39、logical evolutionary algorithm, the computational intelligence tools including scheduling problem in the field of combinatorial optimization solution techniques, more and more attention, is expected to complete in manufacturing of combinatorial optimization problem of speed and precision of solving

40、problems of both breakthrough scale. Manufacturing intelligence in: intelligent scheduling, intelligent design and intelligent processing, robotics, intelligent control, intelligent process planning, etc., and intelligent diagnosis.Modern design technology is advanced manufacturing technology, the p

41、rimary key technology, it is the development of modern science and technology and global market competition product. Product design is social demand as the goal, in certain constraints, design principles and methods by design method, the process of creating product structure. The market competition

42、and various new methods, new techniques, new technology, new material, promote the design method and technology progress, product design from the traditional design experience in modern design.Modern design is the traditional design, enrich and perfect, but not exclusively in traditional design new

43、design. While no definitive definition of modern design, but from the following characteristics to understand. 1 in computer technology as the core: method of design, product update design method, the change of the development and change of work, design and manufacture, and raise the level of manage

44、ment, integrated, organization mode of open. 2 in order to design theory as the guide, modern design method is based on the theory of using this method, the method can reduce the design guiding the design experience of blindness and liberty, to improve the design of initiative, scientific and accura

45、te. Therefore, the modern design based on theoretical guidance, supplemented by a design experience.The connotation of modern design is taking the market as the driver to knowledge, knowledge acquisition as the center, take the products whole life cycle, machine, environment, the design concept of c

46、ompatible. It is the kinematics and dynamics of statics, structural mechanics, mechanics of materials, and thermodynamics, electromagnetism, engineering mathematics basic principle and method for the technical aspects of the foundation. Whether the object of design, design of information handling, p

47、rocessing, reasoning and mapping and validation, is inseparable from the design methodology and the credibility of the product design technology and design test technology provided various theories and methods and means of support.Design principle is to design products shall meet the conditions, but

48、 also to the constraint. By design, the idea, the system etc, the principle of traditional design consideration on the product function and technology, and the design of impact category throughout the whole life cycle of product design principle, so must face the life cycle stages. Modern design pri

49、nciple is the traditional design principles of expanded and improved, and no essential difference between. Can be classified into the following categories. (1) functions meet principle. (2) the quality guarantee principle: performance, reliability, strength, stiffness and stability of the principle

50、of principle, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, resistance to creep, dynamic characteristic, balance characteristics, thermal characteristic. (3) technology excellent principle: the manufacturability, assembling, testability. (4) rational economic principles. (5) social use principle: environme

51、nt friendly, environmental friendly human-machine adaptability, and maintainability, safety, and can be installed, disassembling and recycling. Modern design method is essentially a scientific methodology in the application. Summary: 11 for the theory of mutation, information, intelligence theory, s

52、ystem and optimizing theory, corresponding theory, function theory, cybernetics, discrete theory, MoHuLun, art. These theory and general design (objective consciousness, some directly related activities) has a single subject, some are formed. Currently the modern design technology refers to: 1) the

53、modern design methodology. 2) computer aided design technology. 3) credibility design.Modern design technique characteristics: design theories and methods of extension, thinking of the changes and the design of the category. Various technical design theory and method, the cross and comprehensive. Th

54、e design method, precision, computerized automation and virtualization. Parallel, optimization and intelligent design process. Facing the credibility of the product life cycle. Process, Many experimental design technology comprehensively. Forecast the development trend of the technology of modern de

55、sign, we have the following several aspects: 1) the design process of digital. 2) design process automation and intelligence research. 3) dynamic multivariate optimization and engineering uncertainty model optimization (micro), the fuzzy optimization model of optimization and not the multi-objective

56、 optimization method and procedure of such optimization, and the further development to the generalized system engineering design optimization of research. 4) network concurrent design and collaborative design techniques, methods and software research. 5) virtual design and simulation of virtual exp

57、eriment and rapid prototyping technology research. 6) vigorously popularize, promotion and development of CAD technology application research, the emphasis is on the development of commercial software functions. 7) for integrated manufacturing and distributed management personnel, organization and d

58、esign methods, the research plan. 8) miniature electrical system design theory and method of design and technology research. 9) for ecological environment of green design theory and method of the research. 10) on basic design theory and common design technology of deep research.Mechanical manufactur

59、ing technology is put into various raw materials, semi-finished products processing method and process of mechanical products. Along with the development of machinery and the progress of science and technology, mechanical manufacturing process and connotation of the face is constantly changing. Rece

60、nt decades machinery manufacturing technology development and main contents of the system in the following respects. 1) regular technology optimization and the traditional processing of reform and innovation. 2) ultra-precision engineering including precision processing and ultra-precision processing technology, fine processing technology, etc. 3) special processing method and non-traditional m