英語語言學(xué)填空題及答案

1、Chapter one1. Linguistics is generally defined as the.2. The study of language as a whole is often called .3. The study of_ used in linguistic communication led to the establishment of phonetics.4. The study of is known as semantics.5. Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to .6. The study

2、 of is generally known as applied linguistics.7. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be.8. The description of a language at some point of time in is a synchronic study the description of a language as it through time is a diachronic.9. F

3、rom the point of view of linguistic evolution, speech is to writing.10. refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the member of a speech community, and refers to the realization of langue in actual use.11. Linguistic is descriptive while traditional grammer is .12. Modern linguistic reg

4、ards the language as primary, not the written.13. Many of the rules of traditional grammer apply only to the language.14. When the study of meaning is ,not in isdation ,but in the context of language use, it becomes another branch of linguistic study called pragmatics.15. Prescriptive and descriptiv

5、e represent two different of linguistic study.答案：1. scientific study of language2. general linguistics3. sounds4. meaning5. psychology6. applications7. descriptive8. history; changes9. prior10.langue; parole"prescriptive12.spoken13.written14.conducted 15.typesChapter Two1. Phonetics is defined

6、as the study of the of language; if is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world ' s language.2. The three branches of phonetics are, auditory phonetics and acousfic phonetics respectively.3. English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of and the other is in ter

7、ms of.4. Both phonology and phonetics are concerned with the same aspect of language-.5. The different throes which can represent a phoneme in different phonetics envronments are called the of that phoneme.6. The assimulation rules assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a thus ma

8、king the two phonessimilate.7. The assimulation rule also accounts for the of the alvedarnasal in some sound combinations.8. The deletion rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is.9. Language is first through its sounds.10. The letter P in terms of place of articulation in terms ofm

9、anner of articulation is.11. n ot phonetic identity is the ctciterion with which we operate the phonological analysis of language .12. The greatest source of modification of the air stream is founding the.13. Corresponding to the distinction of long and short vowels is the distinction of and vowels

10、.14. A phoneme is further analyzable because it consists of a set of.15. Similar alteration of stress also occurs between a andaphrase consisting of the same elements.答案:2.3.1. phonic medium labeled articulation phonetics manner of articulation; place of articulation4. the speech sounds5. allo phone

11、s6. sequential phoneme7. varying pronunciation8. orthographically represented9. perceived 10.bilabial; stops 11.phonetic similarity12.oral cavity13.tense; lox4.simultaneous distinctive featurespound nounChapter Three1. Linguists define the word as the smallest found in language.2. Morpheme is the th

12、iat carries information aboutmeaning or function.3. The root consistutes the of the word and carries the majorcomponents of its meaning .4. Morpheme are usually :there is no nature connection between their sound and meaning.5. When are conjoined to other morpheme (or words ) , anew words are derived

13、 , or formed.6. Derivation is an that form a word with meaning and category distinct from that of its bases.7. Unlike phonemes and syllables which are the elements of sound , words.8. are the foundation building blocks of a language .9. Linguists use the term morphology to refer to the part of the g

14、rammer that is concerned with and.10. The content words of language , such as ,and adverbs, are sometimes called open class words.11. Affixes belong to a lexical category and are always boundmorpheme.12. Bound morphemes which are for the most part purely grammatical makers and signify such concepts

15、as tense, number, case are called.1.1, and free morphemes combine are the major ways to produce new words.14. The ways word are formed are called.15. When two words are in the same, the compound will be in this category.答案：1. free form2. smallest unit of language3. core4. arbitrary5. derivational mo

16、rphemes6. affixational process7. carry meaning8. words9. word formation; word structure10. nouns; verbs; adjectives11. do not12.inflectional morphemes13 .derivation; compounds14 .morphological rules15 .grammatical categoryChapter four1 .To determine a word's category , three criteria are usually

17、 employed: , ,.2 . The XP rule is.3 .Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules that .4 .The S rule is5 .The first, formed by the in accordance with thesubcategorization properties, is called deep structure.6 .questions begin with a wh- word are called .7 .Corresponding to the final sy

18、ntactic form of sentence which results from appropriate transformations , is called .8 .If the head is a verb, then the specifier is.9.Word level categories are divided into two kinds: and.1 0.Syntactic units that are built around a certain word category are called.11 . The structures which formed b

19、y joining two or more elements of the some type with the help of a conjunction are .12 .The information about is included in the head and termed subcategorization.13 .The element which specifies optionally expressible properties of hand is.14 .A special type of rule that can move an element from one

20、 position to another is.15 .The construction in which the complement phrases is embeddedis called.答案1. meaning , inflection, distribution2. X(specifier)X(complement)3. govern the formation of sentences4. S NP VP5. XP rule , head' s6. questions7. suffice structure8. qualifier9. major lexical cate

21、gories , minor lexical categories10.phrases"coordinate structures12 .a word' s complement13 .modifiers4.transformation15.matrix clauseChapter five1 .According to the naming theory , words are justor labeisfor things .2 .Thought/ReferenceSymbol/Form t)3 .Two kinds of context are recognized :

22、the situational context and the.4 .In the English vocabulary there are two category of words: and.5 .Synonyms can be divided into the , stylistic synonyms,and collocational synonyms.6 .When two words are identical in ,they are.When two words are identical in,they are homographs.7 .swperordinate is m

23、ore general in meaning, but hyponyms is more.8 .three kinds of antonymy are recognized : Gradable antonymys, and.9 .There are four certain relations between sentences,they are:,and preswpposes.10 .There are two aspects to sentence meaning: grammatical meaning and meaning .11 .In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is true ,if X is false,Y maybe tr