必修1Module4ASocialSurvey-MyNeighbourhood重難知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、Unit 4. A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood 一重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展n.調(diào)查 vi.聽起來3bother vt. 打擾；麻煩vt. 接近5. exchange vt交換6afford vt. 買得起，有能力支付7contact vt .聯(lián)絡(luò)；聯(lián)系 （某人）8. fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的； 吉祥的 unfortunate（反義詞）adj.不幸的fortune n .運(yùn) 氣vi.餓死starvatio n n. 饑餓10. occupation n. 職業(yè)occupy v. 占據(jù)11. fascinating adj迷人的； 吸引人的 fascinate v.

2、 使著迷fascination n. 魅力12. survive vi.幸存survival n.幸存，僥幸活下來13. attracti ng adj.有吸引力的attract v .吸引attraction n.吸引力 二重點(diǎn)短語1. as a result 因此，結(jié)果2. such as諸如之類的3go up 上升；上漲 4put up 建造；張貼5. get away from 擺脫6. pay back歸還；報(bào)復(fù)7. a_great_many許多，大量8so far 到目前為止 三重點(diǎn)句型's been six years since we last saw each oth

3、er.自從上次我們見面以來已有六年 了2. It/This/That is the first time that.這/那是第一次3. What + be+主語+ like?（用來征求對方意見）詢問某人或某些情況怎樣四.語法 Present perfect tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）一重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展1 bother vt. 打擾，麻煩，使煩擾 vi. 操心，花費(fèi)時(shí)間、精力n. U（做某事）不便；C引起麻煩或不便的人或事歸納拓展（1）bother about sth.拿某事煩擾某人bother about/with sb./sth. 為某人/某事而煩惱；操心某人 /某事bother to do st

4、h. 煩心 /費(fèi)力做某事be bothered about sb./sth.關(guān)心某人 / 某事（2）have no/much/little bother （in） doing 做不費(fèi)力 /很費(fèi)力 /幾乎不費(fèi)力例句： I don't want tomy problems at the moment. 我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。Don'tthe letters, they're not urge nt.不要為這些信操心，它們不是急件。We had a lot of our way there.【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I know this is not quite the right

5、 word ， but I can't be to think of a betterone.AdisturbedBbotheredCtroubledDworried2. approach v. &n.靠近；著手處理（事務(wù)等）；接近；通道；方法 歸納拓展（1）at the即proach of在快到的時(shí)候at one's approach 某人一接近approach to 的方法、步驟（其中to是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式）make an approach to 對進(jìn)行探討approach about sth為某事與某人打交道 例句： Now we're l

6、eaving the business district and approaching the harbour. 現(xiàn)在我們正離開商業(yè)區(qū)，前往港口。All approaches to the tow n were blocked所有進(jìn)城的道路都被圭寸鎖了。They prese nted a new approach to lear ning computer skills .他們提出了學(xué)習(xí)電腦技 術(shù)的新方法?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】 In some cases different approachesthe same scientific problem lead to conflicting theor

7、ies.A. toB. withC. aboutD. ofAs Ithe littlegrass house in the forest ，my heart beat more and morequickly.A. approachedC. ranB. walkedD. stepped3. con tact vt.與保人）接觸；與（某人）聯(lián)系 n. U接觸，傳達(dá)，交流意見；C 有聯(lián)系；關(guān)系，接觸歸納拓展come into/be in contact with sb. 與某人有來往；和某人接觸get in/into con tact with sb. = make con tact with s

8、b.與某人取得聯(lián)系keep in con tact/touch with sb.與某人保持聯(lián)系be out of/lose contact with.與失去聯(lián)系例句： The journalists contact related people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview.They have been/have remained each other all these years.After the earthquake, peopleoutside地震后，人們與外界失去了聯(lián)系。It's good manners to ma

9、intain eyewhen talking or listening to others.A. contactB. touchC. communicationD. connection 4. afford v.擔(dān)負(fù)得起（費(fèi)用），抽得出（時(shí)間），提供（1）afford意為“買得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起”，常與can，could，be able to連用，后接名 詞、代詞或不定式。(2)afford sth .負(fù)擔(dān)得起某物的費(fèi)用afford to do sth.負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事的費(fèi)用例句：The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot af

10、ford to buy a house there.His own garden affords fresh vegetables to the family.他自家的菜園為一家人提供新鮮蔬菜。Music affords us pleasure音樂給我們帶來歡樂。Aren't you going to buy that car？It is modern and comfortable.Yes，it I can'tsuch an expensive car now.AaffordBliveChopeDoffer5. survive vt.比活得長，幸免于；從中逃生vi.活下來，幸

11、存(1) A survive B A比B活得時(shí)間長survive the accident/fire/earthquake 在事故/火災(zāi)/地震中幸免于難survive from.從幸存下來survive on靠維持生活，靠存活下來(2) survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者，死里逃生的人17例句： All these things mean that many villages in Western Europe are fighting to survive.She survived her husband for 10 years.She is barely surviv

12、ing on her monthly social security payment.It was lucky that he survived the big earthquake.【鏈接訓(xùn)練】There's little chance that mankind would a nuclear war.A. retainB. endure C. maintainD. survive二.重點(diǎn)短語1. put up建造，搭起；張貼；為提供食宿put away儲(chǔ)存(錢)；儲(chǔ)存以備用；儲(chǔ)蓄put forward 提出 (意見、建議等 )put off 延期；推遲put on 假裝；偽裝；表演

13、，上演 (戲劇 )；穿上，戴上put through 接通電話例句： They've put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.【鏈接訓(xùn)練】An industry-theme museum is towhere there was once an iron factory,which did a lot for the country in the past.A. put offB. be put upC. put outD. be p

14、ut down2. go up（價(jià)格、溫度等）上升，上漲；被興建，被建造；攀爬歸納拓展go up to上升至 go up by以某種速度（比例）上升go after追求，追逐 go back to追溯至U，起源于go out出去；熄滅 go over復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查go through 瀏覽，翻閱；遭受；經(jīng)歷；仔細(xì)檢查go without沒有也勉強(qiáng)過得去例句：I believe prices might go up next week.New office blocks are going up everywhere.They went up the hill the other day.【鏈接

15、訓(xùn)練】The price of the goods hasbut our income doesn't increase.A. gone upB. been gone upC. brought downD. been brought down3. a great many許多，大量的 英語中有些表示“許多，大量”的短語后接可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的情況不同， 歸納如下：例句： A great many books have been published this year.It seems that a great number of them are out of work now.Th

16、e number of people invited was one hundred， but a number of them were absent for different reasons.Large quantities of water have been polluted with the development of industry. 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 I hearboys in your school like playing football in their spare time，though others prefer basketball.A. quite a lotB

17、. quite a fewC. quite a bitD. quite a little This year an in creased nu mber of driversfor speed ing.A. have punished B. have been punishedC. has punishedD. has been punished三.重點(diǎn)句型It's been six years since we last saw each other.歸納拓展(1) It is/has bee n +段時(shí)間+ si nee從句(從句中的動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去 時(shí))”，是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)詞

18、表示延續(xù)性的句型。(2) 如果表示“在過去以前某人做某事持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間”則用句型“It was/had been + 段時(shí)間+ since從句(從句中用短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí))”。(3) 此句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的動(dòng)詞若為短暫性動(dòng)詞，則動(dòng)詞詞義和句意相同，即 “自從至今已有多久了” ；若從句中的動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則動(dòng)詞詞義和句意相反，即“自從不已經(jīng)多久了”。例句：It is/has bee n 5 years si nee he left Beiji ng他離開北京已 5 年了。It is/has been 5 years since he lived in Beijin他不在北京住已經(jīng)

19、有 5 年了。It was several years since the war had broke n ou 戰(zhàn)爭已經(jīng)爆發(fā)好幾年了。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 一Is it for two mon thsthey have stayed here?No, it is only three weeks they arrived here.Athat；sinceBthat；whenCwhen；thatDsince；before It is almost five yearswe saw each other last time.AbeforeBsinceCafterDbecause現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示

20、動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去， 但與現(xiàn)在的情況有關(guān)系， 即用一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作 來說明現(xiàn)在的情況，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成是助動(dòng)詞“have/has+ done（過去分詞）”其否定形式為：have/has+ not + done（過去分詞）；其被動(dòng)形式為：have/has+ been done（過去分詞）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法：（1）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，其后果和影響現(xiàn)在仍存在，過去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果 相聯(lián)系。此時(shí)句中常有 already，ever，never，yet，just，before 等副詞作狀語， 也可不用任何時(shí)間狀語。例句： I have seen the film The Gold Ru

21、sh before.（2）表示過去開始并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。肯定句中只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；否 定句中用延續(xù)性、終止性動(dòng)詞均可。常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如 for two months，since 等，也可以表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，女口 this morning, recently, in the past few years等。例句： He has worked here for 20 year He hasn't spoken English since he left school. 注意：在肯定句中非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用， 需要時(shí)要

22、用延 續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞替換。I have kept/had the new car for a month. （此時(shí)不能用 bought）Mr Black has been back to China twice since 2006.此（ 時(shí)不能用 come back）（3）在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中表示將來完成的動(dòng)作。例句： I will lend you the book as soon as I have finished reading it.（4）與表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語及包括有現(xiàn)在時(shí)間意義在內(nèi)的狀語連用，如 already，ever, never, yet, just, recently 等。例句： Now I've got used to having Chinese food.（5）先行詞是最高級形式或被最高級形容詞修飾時(shí),定語從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句： This is the most moving story that I've heard about.被the first time , several times, again and again等表示次數(shù)或重復(fù)的狀語修飾， 所說的又是現(xiàn)在的事情時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) （盡管動(dòng)作行為發(fā)生或開始于過去某一 時(shí)間）。例句： This is the first time that I