孫子兵法軍爭篇及中英文對照

1、軍爭篇 孫子曰： 凡用兵之法，將受命于君，合軍聚眾，交和而舍，莫難于軍爭。軍爭之難者， 以迂為直，以患為利。 故迂其途，而誘之以利，后人發(fā)，先人至，此知迂直之計者也。 故軍爭為利，軍爭為危。舉軍而爭利，則不及；委軍而爭利，則輜重捐。是故卷甲而趨，日夜不處，倍道兼行，百里而爭利，則擒三將軍，勁者先，疲者后，其法十一而至；五十里而爭利，則蹶上將軍，其法半至；三十里而爭利，則三分之二至。是故軍無輜重則亡， 無糧食則亡，無委積則亡。 故不知諸侯之謀者，不能豫交；不知山林、險阻、沮澤之形者，不能行軍；不用鄉(xiāng)導(dǎo)者，不能得地利。故兵以詐立，以利動，以分和為變者也。故其疾如風(fēng)，其徐如林，侵掠如火，不動如山，難

2、知如陰，動如雷震。掠鄉(xiāng)分眾，廓地分利，懸權(quán)而動。先知迂直之計者勝，此軍爭之法也。 軍政曰：“言不相聞，故為金鼓；視不相見，故為旌旗?！狈蚪鸸撵浩煺?，所以一人之耳目也。人既專一，則勇者不得獨(dú)進(jìn)，怯者不得獨(dú)退，此用眾之法也。故夜戰(zhàn)多火鼓，晝戰(zhàn)多旌旗，所以變?nèi)酥恳病?三軍可奪氣，將軍可奪心。是故朝氣銳，晝氣惰，暮氣歸。故善用兵者，避其銳氣，擊其惰歸，此治氣者也。以治待亂，以靜待嘩，此治心者也。以近待遠(yuǎn)，以佚待勞，以飽待饑，此治力者也。無邀正正之旗，無擊堂堂之陳，此治變者也。 故用兵之法，高陵勿向，背丘勿逆，佯北勿從，銳卒勿攻，餌兵勿食，歸師勿遏，圍師遺闕，窮寇勿迫。此用兵之法也。 孫子說：大凡用

3、兵的法則，將帥接受國君的命令，從組織軍隊、聚集軍需到同敵人對陣，沒有比兩軍爭利更困難的。兩軍爭利最困難的，是要把迂回的道路變?yōu)橹甭?，把困難變?yōu)橛欣Ｋ砸鼗乩@道，并用小利引誘敵人，這樣就能后于敵人出發(fā)，卻先于敵人到達(dá)要爭奪的要地，這就是懂得以迂為直的方法了。 所以兩軍爭利有利，兩軍爭利也有危險。帶著全部裝備輜重去爭利，就不能按時到達(dá)預(yù)定地域：放下裝備輜重去爭利，裝備輜重就會損失。因此，卷甲急進(jìn)，晝夜不停，加倍行程強(qiáng)行軍，走上百里去爭利，三軍將領(lǐng)可能被俘，強(qiáng)壯的士卒先到，疲弱的士卒掉隊，這種作法只會有十分之一的兵力趕到；走五十里去爭利，先頭部隊的將領(lǐng)會受挫折，這種作法只有半數(shù)兵力趕到；走三十里

4、去爭利，就只有三分之二的兵力趕到。所以，軍隊沒有輜重就不能生存，沒有糧食就不能生存，沒有物資儲備就不能生存。 所以不了解列國諸侯的戰(zhàn)略企圖，不能與其結(jié)交；不了解山林、 險阻、水路沼澤等地形，不能行軍；不使用向?qū)?，不能得地利。所以用兵打仗要依靠詭詐多變來取勝，根據(jù)是否有利來決定自己的行動，按照分散和集中來變化兵力的使用。所以，軍隊行動迅速時像疾風(fēng)，舒緩時像森林，攻擊時像烈火，防御時像山岳，蔭蔽時像陰天，沖鋒時像迅雷。擄掠鄉(xiāng)邑，要分兵掠取；擴(kuò)張領(lǐng)土，要分兵扼守；衡量利害然后決定行動，事先懂得以迂為直的方法就勝利。這就是兩軍爭利的原則。 軍政說：“因?yàn)橛谜Z言指揮聽不到，所以設(shè)置金鼓；用動作指揮看不到

5、，所以設(shè)置旌旗?！苯鸸撵浩?，是統(tǒng)一全軍視聽的。全軍行動既然一致，那么勇敢的就不能單獨(dú)前進(jìn)，怯懦的也不能單獨(dú)后退，這就是指揮大部隊作戰(zhàn)的方法。所以，夜間作戰(zhàn)多用火光和鼓聲，白天作戰(zhàn)多用旌旗。之所以變換這些信號都是為了適應(yīng)士卒的視聽能力。 對于敵人的軍隊，可以打擊它的士氣；對于敵人的將領(lǐng)，可以動搖他的決心。軍隊初戰(zhàn)時士氣銳不可當(dāng)，過一段時間就逐漸懈怠，最后就疲乏衰竭了。所以善于用兵的人，要避開敵人的銳氣，等待敵人士氣衰竭時再去打擊它，這是掌握軍隊士氣的方法。以自己的嚴(yán)整對付敵人的混亂，以自己的鎮(zhèn)靜對付敵人的輕躁，這是掌握軍隊心理的方法。以自己部隊的接近戰(zhàn)場對付敵人的遠(yuǎn)道而來，以自己部隊的安逸休整對

6、付敵人的奔走疲勞，以自己部隊的飽食對付敵人的饑餓，這是掌握軍隊?wèi)?zhàn)斗力的方法。不要去攔擊旗幟整齊部署周密的敵人，不要去攻擊陣容堂皇實(shí)力強(qiáng)大的敵人，這是掌握機(jī)動變化的方法。 用兵的法則是：敵軍占領(lǐng)山地不要去仰攻，敵軍背靠高地不要正面迎擊，敵軍假裝敗退不要跟蹤追擊，敵軍精銳不要去攻擊，誘兵不要去理睬，退回本國的敵軍不要去攔截，包圍敵人要虛留缺口，瀕臨絕境的敵人不要過分逼迫。這就是用兵的法則。 Contest to Gain the Initiative Sunzi said: Generally in war, the commander receives his mandate from the

7、sovereign. In the process of assembling his troops, mobilizing the population and taking up positions against the enemy, nothing is more difficult than troop maneuvering to gain the initiative in war. What is involved here is to turn the tortuous into the direct and to turn adversity into advantage.

8、 You render tile enemy's route tortuous by luring him with inducements of easy gains, and as a result, you may set out after he does but arrive at the contested battlefield before him. To be able to do so is to have understood the method of turning the tortuous into the direct. Troop maneuvering

9、 can be a source of both advantage and disaster. If you throw in the army with all its equipment and supplies to contend for some advantage, you will not arrive in time; if you abandon them, your equipment and supplies will be lost. For this reason, if an army stores away its amour and sets off in h

10、aste, not stopping for days and nights and marching at double speed for 100 li to gain the advantage, some of its generals might be captured by file enemy, its strongest men might get there first but the exhausted ones would lag behind, and in that case, only one tenth of the army would reach the de

11、stination. In a forced march of 50 li to contend for advantage, the commander of the advance unit might be defeated, and as a rule only half of the army would reach its destination. But were it to travel 30 li at such a pace to contend for advantage, then two-thirds of the army would reach its desti

12、nation. It must be remembered that an army which is without its equipment, food and fodder, and material reserves cannot survive. Unless you know the strategic intentions of the rulers of the neighboring states, you cannot enter into alliances with them; unless you know the lay of the land - its mou

13、ntains and forests, its natural hazards, its rivers and marshes - you cannot maneuver your troops on it; unless you employ local guides, you cannot turn the terrain to your advantage. Now war is a game of deception. Move when it is advantageous, and disperse and concentrate as necessary to bring abo

14、ut changes in file military situation advantageous to your forces. When the army advances, it is as swift as the wind; when it is immobile, as still as the forest; when it attacks, as destructive as a fire; when it defends, as immovable as the mountain; when it conceals itself, it is as though hidde

15、n behind an overcast sky; and when it, strikes, it can be as sudden as a thunder bolt. When plundering the countryside, divide your forces; when extending your territory, distribute them to hold key points. Weigh the pros and cons before moving into action. He who masters the tactics of turning the

16、tortuous into the direct will be the victor. That is the essence of the armed contest. The Book of Military Administration states: "As oral commands cannot be heard in the din of battle, drums and gongs are used: as signal commands cannot be seen in battle, flags and banners are used." Dru

17、ms, gongs, flags and banners are used to coordinate the sights and hearing of the troops so that they will act as one, so that the brave will not have to advance alone, nor the timid retreat by themselves. This is the art of directing a large number of troops. That is why in night battles, torches a

18、nd drums are widely used and in day battles, flags and banners. The alternating use of these signals helps communication with the soldiers. An entire army can be demoralized and its general deprived of his presence of mind. At the beginning of a campaign, file soldiers' morale is high, after a w

19、hile it begins to flag and in the end it is gone. Therefore, he who is skilled in war avoids the enemy when file latter's spi rit is high, and strikes when his spirit drains. This is how he copes with the question of morale. In good order, he awaits a disorderly enemy; with calm, he awaits a clamorous enemy. This is how he copes with self-possession. Being close to the battlefield, he awaits an enemy coming from afar; well rested, he awaits an exhausted enemy; with well-fed troops, he awaits hungry ones