語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)講解和習(xí)題(學(xué)生使用)

1、語(yǔ)法填空的解題技巧1.語(yǔ)法填空的考查形式給出一篇閱讀短文，短文中挖了10個(gè)空格，讓考生根據(jù)短文的意思和句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，在空格中填入正確的詞，把文章補(bǔ)充完成。（在10個(gè)空格中，3-4個(gè)有給出提示詞，6-7個(gè)沒(méi)有給出提示詞）建議：1詞匯學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中要注意把握詞性，并掌握必要的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)。2要熟知語(yǔ)法，巧記語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。3多練習(xí)常思考，注意從語(yǔ)境出發(fā)，培養(yǎng)和提高語(yǔ)法、詞匯的活用能力。 4平時(shí)多朗讀，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感。2. 語(yǔ)法填空的解題步驟Step 1 通讀全文，了解主旨大意；注意：首句很重要！Step 2 根據(jù)該題的設(shè)空規(guī)律，試填空格， 遵循先易后難原則；Step 3 復(fù)讀全文，核查答案。語(yǔ)法填空設(shè)空規(guī)律：有提示

2、詞考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的正確形式；考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化；考查形容詞或副詞的比較等級(jí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：若句子缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或含并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，注意考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。判斷時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)方法：基本概念+時(shí)間判斷+語(yǔ)境提示1.常見(jiàn)位置: “(當(dāng))定語(yǔ)名詞前，表語(yǔ)系(動(dòng))詞后”。常用系動(dòng)詞be, become, turn, stay, feel等； 2.只作表語(yǔ)的形容詞：well，ill，content，a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞（asleep，aware，alone等）；3.形容詞與副詞轉(zhuǎn)換；4.某些形容詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的特殊變化。A lot of money _ (spend) to protect the o

3、ld temple since 2000.That was not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away.One day, the boy _ (return) and the tree was so excited. I threw the present down on his step, knocked at his door and _ (fly) back the safety of the bushes. when I _(recover

4、) from my fit of anger, I immediately felt Tom _ Rose in 1995. So far they _ for 10 years. (marry)The water _ (rise). Nancys pace got slower and slower. If I tell the truth, everyone will start hating me and call me a thief. I would _ (punish) for stealing. I immediately felt _(shame) of my violent

5、behavior. I felt so _ that I soon fell _.(sleep) （11）Praise made good men better and bad men _. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：若句子有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不含并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞to do, doing, done。常考項(xiàng)目：非謂語(yǔ)充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 、賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)：主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行 ing，被動(dòng)/結(jié)束 v-ed，to do 加在序、形高級(jí)后；狀語(yǔ)：不定式一般表目的，原因；賓語(yǔ)：某些動(dòng)詞用ving作賓語(yǔ)(avoid,consider,finish等)賓補(bǔ)：ving作賓補(bǔ)側(cè)重進(jìn)行或反復(fù)，to do 表示動(dòng)作完成，ved表示被動(dòng)

6、關(guān)系。_ (ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. The earthquake hit Japan, _ (cause) 2000 deaths. _ (compare) with my peers, Im much luckier.During the difficult years, he couldnt afford _ (make) payment on his piano. With 250 new cameras _(work) da

7、y and night, who dare to break into school? He worked the entire day _(wear) a torn Tanvir, a two-year-old tiger, got _(stick) at the top of the exercise tower, after _ (climb) it for the first time. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：當(dāng)空格處所需詞性與提示詞詞性不同時(shí)，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)需要改變?cè)~性(形容詞/副詞/名詞單復(fù)數(shù))、詞義轉(zhuǎn)換、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。提示詞為adj.或adv., 而空格所需仍是原詞性，則可能填其比較級(jí)或最高

8、級(jí)考查形容詞或副詞的比較等級(jí)。I felt so _ (comfort) in the dirty room that I changed for another one.He was _ (possible) the greatest singer. A special village is built for the _ (compete) to live in. The Expo Site dealt with an average of 370,000 _ (visit) every day during the event. Nowadays, dieting is the most

9、 important thing to do in your _ (stress) life. It is _ (hard) for women to get good jobs than men.試 試 就 知 道（一）Most of the people in the town showed pity on him, but it was _ (use).As she knocked, the door flew open on its own. She thought someone must _ (break) into the house.I wished I had someone

10、 who might help make my girls problem _ (appear).Doctors used the Internet to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the _ (late) medical development.無(wú)提示詞介詞；代詞；關(guān)聯(lián)詞；助動(dòng)詞；起連接作用的副詞介詞：空格常設(shè)在名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句之前；了解介詞的常用意義和固定搭配。時(shí)間型：at/ on/ in/ before /after/ by/ since等; 地點(diǎn)型：in/on/across/through/over/between等；方式

11、、手段型：by/with/without/in等排除、包含型：except/besides/including等We should take measures to fight _ pollution. Try on this red skirt; you will look great _ it.It is impolite to leave _ saying goodbye.He was astonished _ what he saw.The English play _ which we acted at the New Years party was a great success.

12、Different people have different motivesthe desire _ promotion, the hope of being able to study abroad. _ my 15th birthday, my father and mother insisted that I go on a “mystery drive” with them. This was around the time that I was getting to be larger _ size than my father_ thinking, I poured my ang

13、er out onto my mother. 代詞：當(dāng)句子缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，填代詞(含人稱代詞/物主代詞/指示代詞/不定代詞/反身代詞)。不定代詞 (few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other等)、物主代詞 (my, your, his，mine，yours等)、指示代詞 (this, that等)以及it的多種用法(形式主/賓語(yǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句主語(yǔ)等)。The boy promised _ mother never to lie to _ again._ happened that we were in the

14、 same college.The air here is much fresher than _ in the city.His views are close to _ of the Socialist Party.You and I _ know that you arent a perfect man.You can drop in or give me a call. _ will do.Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it _.Finally _ decided to enroll th

15、eir son in a private Catholic school. A nurse asked, “Is there anyone who could translate from Spanish?” Immediately my son called out raising _ hand “I can”. Once as I was getting ready for school, my mother accidentally handed me my fathers vest instead of _. （11）_ of the five Olympic rings has a

16、different color. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞：一個(gè)句號(hào)內(nèi)有兩個(gè)非并列關(guān)系的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,有可能是并列句或復(fù)合句考查關(guān)聯(lián)詞如果是復(fù)合句要?jiǎng)澐种骶浜蛷木?如果主句完整,從句缺成分考查定語(yǔ)從句，判斷先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分 如果主句不完整考查名詞性從句，判斷從句缺什么成分 如果主從句不缺成分考查狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句，判斷句子邏輯關(guān)系1.辨別句子類型：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句；2.辨別復(fù)合句類型：定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句；3.?？紡膶龠B詞：which/who/whom/whose/what/when/where/why/how/because/though/as/when/while等4.?？疾⒘羞B詞或副詞

17、：and/but/or/so/however/therefore/instead等。He ran to the bank, took off his coat _ jumped into the river.Follow his advice, _ youll succeed.Youll be late _ you start early.Two months passed _ we knew it. He passed the exam, _ surprised everyone.Dont get close to the house _ roof is under repair.I won

18、t forget the day _ I spent in the countryside.Ill never forget the day _ I worked together with you.He came to Brazil, _ he settled down and ran a bookstore.A sudden thought came to me _ I might buy some flowers for my mom.（11）I dont know _ he is right.（12）_ impressed me most was his bravery.（13）It

19、remains unknown _ theyre going to get married. But I guess maybe sometime next month.（14）Thats _ we disagree.（15）It is unwise to give a child _ he wants. （16）I was fortunate to go to college, _ I didnt know what to do after that.（17）It sang the sweetest melody _ she had ever heard.（18）_ time went by

20、, the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree every day.（19）_ the Smiths have experienced does teach us a good lesson. （20）See _ your son has done. （21）I was filled with great admiration for my father，_ gentle kindness taught me a life lesson I would never forget. （22）The Emp

21、eror of China had sent some peaches to the king with a note _ said that the fruit gave long life to _ate them. （23）Hurry up, _ we will miss the first bus. （24）He was late; _, he was taken off the list. 冠詞：空格常設(shè)在“（形容詞+）名詞”前。冠詞一般可以位于名詞前，不定冠詞a/an表泛指，而定冠詞the表示特指，可與序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)搭配，也可搭配形容詞same,only,next等。定冠詞小

22、口訣：特指雙方熟悉，上文已經(jīng)提及。世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二，方位報(bào)刊樂(lè)器。階級(jí)黨派朝代，山河湖海島嶼。序詞形容高級(jí)，習(xí)慣用法特記。需注意冠詞的常見(jiàn)固定搭配，如:in a word, in a hurry, all of a sudden, as a result, at a loss，as a matter of fact; to tell the truth, on the contrary, on the whole, the other day, at the same time,in the distance, make the the most ofUsing _ Internet can be

23、 fun and _ convenient way of shopping and finding out new information. By _ age of 28, I had been vice president in charge of the United States. Just up the road from my home a field, with two horses in it. And if you stand nearby, you will hear the sound of a bell coming from _ smaller horse. 助動(dòng)詞：若

24、結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致時(shí)，很可能填表強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞(do, does, did)。Not only _ I have a good time, but also I knew something about foreign culture. He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary. 起連接作用的副詞：空格在句首且逗號(hào)隔開(kāi) 或 空格前后有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)隔開(kāi)，如besides, ho

25、wever, therefore, thus, insteadWe stepped out of the railway station, having sat in hard seats and not getting much sleep. _, we had energy.It is known to all that the time we can use is limited. _, we should make use of our time to study hard.常用句型或固定搭配sothat；not only/justbut(also); not but(不是 而是);

26、notuntil ；There is no doubt that;It is no wonder that;There is no point/use/sense in doing sth （“做無(wú)用”）It matters whether;以及倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，省略句等。break down, devoteto，lead to, consider.as., make up，make a difference, in brief, such as， asas, on time, in time 等I was _ upset that I violently ripped (撕破) it from

27、 my chest! 試 試 就 知 道（二）Hispanics(拉丁移民) in the South were more likely to reenter than _ in the Northwest.I was told that they could no see me or hear me and _ I could not go back.The river had risen so much _ he could not go across it.The headless rider passed him and the man took _ second look at th

28、e headless ghost.We cant control what happens to us, but we can control how we react _ these events.Task 1 Sentence Practice:1. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ (little) water and electricity than _ (old) models. 2. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _

29、 (result) in the contrary to our intention. 3. Some things looked as if they had not been cared for for a long time, but I knew their _(beautify）was still there beneath their own surface. 4. While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his hors

30、e to my car 5. She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. 6. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy 7. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away _ there

31、 was a garage. Task 2At the centre of the river, there was a large pile of earth like a small hill. There 1_ (grow) an apple tree on which there were many apples. The fox and the monkey wanted to eat apples, but they couldnt cross the river. Both of them agreed to build a bridge together and share a

32、ll the apples 2_ (pick) by them. 3_ really took them a lot of effort to carry a large piece of wood there. Thus a bridge was built.The bridge was so narrow 4_ only one could cross it once. The fox said, “Let me first pass it.” With the words he 5_ (quick) crossed the river. After he got to the small

33、 hill, he turned back and pushed the piece of wood into the river. He wanted to eat the apples 6_. The fox said as he ate the apples, “My stupid monkey, please turn 7_ .” The monkey laughed with anger, “Devil! You can certainly eat the apples, 8_ you will never be able to come back!”Thinking it over

34、, the fox realized it was 9_ unwise move. He begged the monkey 10_ (help) him. The monkey didnt do as he asked but went away.I stood on the platform with my legs _(tremble)and my mind blank. How much time had passed by, I didnt know. My listeners were still waiting, patiently and without any signs o

35、f rushing me. Gradually I found _ back, giving out my speech with difficulty. Finally I finished. After _seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding. I made it! From then on, my fear of talking before an audience disappeared. Actually with my confidence building _, I now turn out to

36、 be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear; overcome it, _we will be able to achieve our goals. 10mins:There was a knock on the window. At first it was hardly noticeable, almost as if a branch on the large oak tree outside had brushed against the window. It was repeated, and then there was silence. I got up and looked out of