比較級和最高級的用法

1、比較級和最高級的用法在英語中通常用下列方式表示的詞:在形容詞或副詞前加more(如more natural,more clearly 或加后綴-er(newer,sooner 。典型的是指形容詞或副詞所表示的質(zhì)、量或關(guān)系的增加。英語句子中,將比較兩個(gè)主體的方法叫做“比較句型”。其中,像“A比B更”的表達(dá)方式稱為比較級;而“A最”的表達(dá)方式則稱為最高級。組成句子的方式是將形容詞或副詞變化成比較級或最高級的形態(tài)。一、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,比較級在后面加-er,最高級在后面加-est;(1單音節(jié)詞如:smallsmallersma

2、llest shortshortershortesttalltallertallest greatgreatergreatest(2雙音節(jié)詞如:clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,比較在原級后加-r,最高級在原級后加-st;如:largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3.在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級加-er,最高級加-est;如:bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatt

3、erfattest4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,把y改為i,比較級加-er,最高級加-est;如:easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,比較級在前面加more,最高級在前面加most;如:beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost differenteasilymore easilymost easily注意:(1形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the,副詞最高級

4、前可不用。例句:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(2形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常"。It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.6.有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的,必須熟記。如:goodbetterbest wellbetterbestbadworseworst illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremost littl

5、elessleastfar further/fartherfurthest/farthest二、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法1.“A + be +形容詞比較級+ than + B”意思為“A比B更”。如:This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高。注意:在含有連詞than的比較級中,前后的比較對象必須是同一范疇,即同類事物之間的比較。在比較級前面使用much,表示程度程度“強(qiáng)得多”。如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.very, quite一般只能修飾原級,不能修飾比較級。2.“比較級+ an

6、d + 比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越”如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天來了,天氣變得越來越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?。The wind became more and more heavily.風(fēng)變得越來越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的學(xué)校變得越來越美麗。3.在含有or的選擇疑問句中,如果有兩者供選擇,前面的形容詞要用比較級形式。如:Who is taller,

7、Tim or Tom? 誰更高,Tim還是Tom?4. “the +比較級, the+比較級”,表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.錢你賺得越多,花得越多。The sooner,the better.越快越好。5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級用法:. A is times the size /height/length/width of B.如:The new building is three times the height of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。(新樓是舊樓的四倍高. A is times as b

8、ig /high/long/wide/large as B.如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍. A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.我們學(xué)校比你們學(xué)校大兩倍。6.形容詞、副詞的最高級形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較,表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如:of the three, in our class等等。如:He is the tallest i

9、n our class.他在我們班里是最高的。7."否定詞語+比較級","否定詞語+ soas"結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8. 比較級與最高級的轉(zhuǎn)換:Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class7.修飾比較級和最高級的詞1可修飾比較級的詞.

10、a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。. 還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。. 以上詞(除by far外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。注意:使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。(錯(cuò) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(對 Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2下列詞可修飾最高級:by far, far, much, mostly, al

11、most。This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意:a. very可修飾最高級,但位置與much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.8.要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。(錯(cuò) He is more cleverer than his brother.(對 He is more clever than his brother.(對 He is cleverer than his brother.9.要

12、避免將主語含在比較對象中。(錯(cuò) China is larger that any country in Asia.(對 China is larger than any other country in Asia.10.要注意對應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11.要注意冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時(shí)候,前面才有可能有名詞。比較:Which is larger, Canada or Austr

13、alia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.三.典型例題1- Are you feeling _?- Yes,I'm fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better答案:B. any 可修飾比較級,quite修飾原級,well的比較級為better.2The experiment was_ easier t

14、han we had expected.A. moreB. much moreC. muchD. more much答案:C. much可修飾比較級,因此B,C都說得通,但easier本身已是比較級,不需more,因此C為正確答案。3If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier time答案:D。比較級和最高級的用法1.兩者相比(甲=乙,用“as+原級+as”表示T

15、om is as tall as Mike.2.兩者相比(甲乙,用“not as(so +原級+as”或“l(fā)ess than”表示I didnt do my homework so(as carefully as you.The picture is less attractive than that one.3.兩者相比(甲乙,用“比較級+than”表示Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.注意:1 為了避免重復(fù),在從句中常用one, that, those等詞來代替前面提過的名詞。The weather

16、here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.2比較等級應(yīng)注意避免和包括自己的對象比。比較級+than+any other + 單數(shù)名詞all the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞anyone elseany of the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞3如果形容詞作定語修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,一般將不定冠詞a/an放在形容詞之后。Our neighbour has _ ours.A. as a big house asB. as big a

17、 house asC. the same big house asD. house the same big as4比較級前一般不用冠詞,但若表示“兩者中較時(shí)”。比較級前要加定冠詞。若比較級后有名詞,常在比較級前加不定冠詞,表示泛指。E.g. 他是兩者中較高的一個(gè)He is the taller of the two.她唱得真動聽!我可從未聽過比這更好的嗓音了。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.4. 三者或三者以上相比,表示最高級時(shí),用“the +最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示,這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。

18、Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the hardest in his class.That was the least exciting football game Ive ever watched.This hotel is the most comfortable Ive ever stayed.注意:當(dāng)最高級的前面無限定詞the或有不定冠詞a/an時(shí),僅表示“很,非常”Monday is my busiest day.星期一是我很忙的一天。Qingdao is a most (very beautiful coastal city.青島是一個(gè)非常美麗的海濱城市。比較級的一些其他用法1 倍數(shù)表示方法a 倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+ asb倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級+thanc倍數(shù)+ the + n. + ofThis rope is three times longer than that one.(這條繩子比那條長三倍。This rope is three times as long as that one.(這條繩子是那條繩子的三倍。This rope is three times the length of that one.(這條繩子比那條繩子長三倍。2 用形容詞比較級的否