(完整)英語音標發(fā)音規(guī)則匯總,推薦文檔

1、1、音素：音素是英語中最小的語音單位，英語中有48個音素，其中元音20個，輔音28個。2、音標：是記錄音素的符號，用于區(qū)別字母，因而需加“”或“/”。3、48個音標r i i同a u： U : o田e a :元音L ei pi 同間 ca ua au aur Pl t k f s p J LJ tr isI 同 p 0 V Z冏 0 d3 dr dz輔音m n舊 Ml JI M h I4、開音節(jié)：以元音字母結(jié)尾或以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單詞，叫開音節(jié)單詞。在開音節(jié)單詞中，元音字母發(fā)它本身的音。5、重音：讀單詞時總有一個響亮的音節(jié)叫重讀音節(jié)，以"”來標記。i6、句子重讀：一般原則：

2、有句子重讀的是名詞、動詞、形容詞、 數(shù)詞、副詞、感嘆詞等。關(guān)鍵性原則：在一定場景下傳遞新信息的 關(guān)鍵詞要重讀。7、連讀：同一句群中，前一詞以輔音音素結(jié)尾，后一詞以元音音素 開頭，在語流中將這兩個音素合拼在一起讀，這種現(xiàn)象叫“連讀”。字母或字母組合在重讀音節(jié)或非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音A）元音字母在單詞中的讀音兒曰字母以日說明例詞a/ei/在重讀開音節(jié)中name, make, plane, grade, cake, date, page, safe, face, gate/e/ 在 ny 前any, many, anyone, anything演/在重讀閉首節(jié)中map, fat, sad, back,

3、hand, catch, hat, bad, glad, black, thank, act1M在w或wh后wash, want, watch, whatAr/在 s, ss, st 前past, flash, last, glass, pass, class, basket在w后偶爾發(fā)工，waterar分開發(fā)音Mary, parent/a/在非重讀音節(jié)中another, along, asleep, away, among, aroundf!在非重讀音節(jié)中village, comrade, palace兒曰字母以日說明例詞e川在重讀開音節(jié)中me, be, we, he, she, these

4、, Chinese/e/在重讀閉首節(jié)中g(shù)et, rest, mend, next, left, then, help, wet, forget, dress, sell, spell|f爾er分開發(fā)音zero同在非重讀音節(jié)中open, moment, September門”在非重讀音節(jié)中ticket, begin, behind, cinema,betweeni(y)/ai/在重讀開音節(jié)中time, drive, ride, knife, wife, smile, why, sky, dry, try, fly, spy, July而1在重讀閉首節(jié)中hit, ill, lift, kill,

5、twin, drink, pick, ship, wind, thin, ship, physics在重讀開音節(jié)中police, machinen在非重讀音節(jié)中April, holiday, beautiful在非重讀音節(jié)中office, instead, finish, city, family, reallyo/au/在重讀開音節(jié)中g(shù)o, ago, nose, hope, whole, alone, hole, phone, smoke, joke在重讀閉首節(jié)中clock, sock, shop, dog, cross,cock, bottle, knock, song, strong在

6、m, n, v, th，、乙 刖love, son, some, mother, otherAJ/woman在某些重讀節(jié)中move, lose, who, whoseAwi/one, onceP在非重讀音節(jié)中today, tomorrow, together, second如/在非重讀音節(jié)中onto, intouflu/在重讀音節(jié)中use, student, duty, excuse, musictN在重讀閉首節(jié)中but, cut, up, nut, duck, luck, lunch, sunnyAJ/在重讀閉首節(jié)中put, pull, push, fullfuj在重讀開音節(jié)中June, r

7、uler在個別單詞中busy, business/b7 |在非重讀音節(jié)中AugustB）輔音字母在單詞中的讀音輔音字母以日例詞輔音字母以日例詞b/b/busP/p/mapc/s/niceq一不單獨發(fā)音/k/cupr/r/redd/d/days/s/yesf/f/fly/z/pleaseg郎gatesureWorangeusuallyh/h/het/t/catj，由/jeepv/v/livek/k/kitew/w/wayl/l/latex/ks/nextm/m/my田examplen/n/niney/j/yearunclez/z/zero重點輔音字母讀音講解:n在單詞中的讀音n在一般情況下發(fā)/n

8、/ 。如：kind, need, soon 等。m后面為輔胃胃素由/時發(fā)/力-知：think即由加hun苧WtiMgriJ, wicltAnkl/o該規(guī)則不 包括加前綴3構(gòu)成的單詞口如：undeatVXnkli: rV （不清潔的）等。S在單詞中的讀音s在單詞開頭通常讀/s/。如：sit, stop 等。s后面的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時讀/s/。如：desk, past, question, mistake 等。以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，s前的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時，詞尾s讀/s/ 如：clocks, shops 等。ss在單詞中讀/s/ 。如pass, lesson 等。s在兩個元音音素之間常讀/z/。如：

9、music/ ' mju:zik/, visit/ ' vizit/ 等。&后面是濁輔音時讀在人如m hu函end/hnzb同nd/,日日宣息on/Bi:2普寸加s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)名詞及單數(shù)第三人稱動詞形式中，s前面為濁輔音 或元音時，s 讀/z/ 。如：bags, plays, blows, rulers 等。以肥開頭的極少數(shù)單詞中目常讀17。加sureflua/, stigit/Juge/o®s讀門/僅限千usuilly pleasui*等極少數(shù)至詞&C）元音字母組合在單詞中的讀音這類字母組合通常有兩個元音字母組成，其中的元音字母組合有的只發(fā)一種音，有的

10、發(fā)兩種或兩種以上的音。兀音字母組合以日說明例詞ea/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中team, clean, sea, tea, east, cheap, easy, speak, season, read/e/在重讀音節(jié)中head, bread, ready, weather, health在重讀音節(jié)中idea, real, really/ei/在重談首節(jié)中g(shù)reat, breakai/ei/在個別重讀音節(jié)詞中train, rain wait, waiter/e/在重讀音節(jié)中said, says/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中itiounifiuVhi audi n/lLlee/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中see, bee,

11、free, sheep, feel, meet, need, green, asleepey/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中they, hey, obey（遵守）/i:/在個別重讀音節(jié)詞中key/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中monkey, moneyeo/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中peopleei/i:/在重談首節(jié)中receive/ri ' si:v/ （收至U）/ei/在字母組合eigh中eight, eighteen, weighou在重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)round, round, around, out, mouse, blouse故在重讀音節(jié)中young, country, touch, enough,double

12、/u:/在個別重讀音節(jié)詞中g(shù)roup在情態(tài)動詞中could, should, wouldue/u:/e不發(fā)音blue/e/u不發(fā)音guess兒曰字母組合以日說明例詞oo/u:/詞尾或詞中zoo, soon, food, cool, tooth,noon, fool加在k或d前cook, look, took, good, foot, wood河在l和d之間bhod/blAd/ （di）oa/u/在重讀音節(jié)中coat, goat, boatoy/oi/在重讀音節(jié)中boy, enjoy, joy, toyoi在重讀音節(jié)中toilet, oil（油）ie/e/i不發(fā)音friend/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中

13、field, piece, thief（賊）Zaie/在個別單詞中quiet/ai/在詞尾lie, die, tieau在重讀音節(jié)中autumn, daughter, August在個別重讀音節(jié)詞中auntay/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中today, away, stay, may, say, play/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中Monday, Sundayui/u:/在重讀音節(jié)中fruitoe/u:/位于詞尾shoeioZaia/在重讀音節(jié)中pioneeruy/ai/重讀音節(jié)，詞尾buyye/ai/重讀音節(jié)，詞尾byeD）輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音這類字母組合通常有兩個輔音字母組成，大部分輔音字母組合只有一

14、種讀音，有少數(shù)輔音字母組合有兩種或兩種以上讀音。輔音字母組合以日說明例詞ch心大部分單詞中which, lunch, chair, China, teach/k/在少數(shù)單詞中school, chemistry/ ' kemistri/（化學(xué)）在個別單詞中machineck/k/一般位于詞尾clock, back, black輔音字母組合以日說明例詞燈|（詞尾sing, song, bring, seeingng加（詞中English, hungry, angry, strongersh加在詞首、詞中或詞尾shall, fishing, finish, washPh/f/力在詞首phon

15、e, photo,10physics/ ' fiziks/（物理）wh/h/后為。時who, whose, whole/w/后為其它兀音字母時when, which, why, wheregh/f/般在詞尾laugh, enough, coughth在詞尾或以th開頭的 彳詞、動詞、形容詞、 ，詞中both, tooth, fifth, south, thing, think, thick, third/e/在ther中及代詞、冠司、連詞或副詞中another, feather, them, with, than, thenwr/r/“詞首write, wrong, writer在詞首

16、kn/n/know, knife, Inowltdge/hMid5/如識）tch1加catch, match, watchdr/dr/一般位于詞首drive, dry, dress, drinktr/tr/一般位于詞首tree, truck, train, trousersds/dz/一般在詞尾beds, finds, handsts/ts/一般在詞尾students, lets, boats, cats, wantsE）元、輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音這類字母組合有兩類：一類是一個或兩個元音字母與r組合, 構(gòu)成-r音節(jié)或-re音節(jié)。這是主要一類元輔音字母組合。另一類是一個元音字母與除r以外的某

17、個輔音字母組合。這類元輔音字母組合數(shù)量很少。兀、輔旨字母組以日說明例詞合far, park, card, party, hard,心»重讀音節(jié)中start, March, farther, hardly （幾ar乎不）在w后warm, war, warn（ 警告），quarter同非重讀音節(jié)中popular, similar重讀音節(jié)中her, term, certainly, preferer間非重讀音節(jié)中farmer, worker, writer, letter,waiter元、輔音字母組讀音說明 例合ir1重讀音節(jié)中third, bird,girl, shirt, first,

18、 dirty也7重讀音節(jié)中short, sport, horse, born, northor加，在w后work, word, world, worse, worst|同非重讀音節(jié)q中doctor, visitor（游客）ur重讀音節(jié)中turn, hurt（受傷），Thursday,purple, purseare愴at重讀音節(jié)中care, careful, hare/ lay重讀音節(jié)中near, hear, clear, dear, nearlyear,7s y重讀音節(jié)中early, earth, learn, heard血少數(shù)詞中tear, pear, bear（ 熊）加:/個別詞中hea

19、rtere/tea/重讀音節(jié)中where, there/la/重讀音節(jié)中hereore重讀音節(jié)中before, more, scoreire舟i”重讀音節(jié)中tired, hire（雇用），fire （火）eer/ia；重讀音節(jié)中deer （鹿），pioneerAjs£重讀音節(jié)中sureure回非重讀音節(jié)中pleasure, picture, treasure（貝才寶）eirTea/重讀音節(jié)中theirairZees重讀音節(jié)中chair, hair, pair, fair（金色的）our也7重讀音節(jié)中four, fourth, course, pour（倒；灌注）f重讀音節(jié)中hour|

20、/s/非重讀音節(jié)中colouroor一般讀心，door, floor心0個別詞中poor一般讀出”call, walk, talk, tall, smallal北山以al開頭的副詞also, always, already, almost/ar/個別詞中half兀、輔音字母組合讀音說明例詞ow重讀或非重讀音節(jié)中slow, blow, show, snow, throw,window, yellow,borrow,tomorrow招w重讀音節(jié)中now, how, cow, down, brownew/ju:?讀/ju:/few, knew, news, newspaper加沙|不規(guī)則動詞過去式中

21、threw, drew, flew, grew個別詞中sew（縫紉）tion/Jen；一般讀取rvstation, dictionary, operation在s后questionaw|Zar；|重讀音節(jié)中draw, law （法律）dge只有g(shù)發(fā)音bridge, fridge, judge（法官）igh館“只有i發(fā)音light, night, bright, fight, highough只有ou發(fā)音bought, brought, thoughtaugh為:，只有au發(fā)音daughter, taught, caughtind忖nW二個字母都發(fā)音kind, find, mind, behin

22、doldZauld/二個字母都發(fā)音sold, told, cold, holdF）不發(fā)音的字母和字母組合英語單詞的讀音和拼寫形式雖然聯(lián)系緊密，但并不是完全對應(yīng)的，有很多單詞中的某一字母或幾個字母不發(fā)音。 單詞不發(fā)音的字母中，既有元音字母或字母組合，也有輔音字母或字母組合。不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合給拼寫單詞帶來了一定的困難，但也不是無規(guī)律可循的。請看下表：不發(fā)音的字母“字母組合說明例詞e以e結(jié)尾的相對開音節(jié)詞rice, nose中o構(gòu)成成音節(jié)的-son中l(wèi)esson, season, personugu在詞首時guessea在個別詞中beautifuluegue在詞尾時dialogue, leag

23、ue不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合說明例詞b在詞尾且其前面為字母m時climb, tomb/tu:m/ 墳?zāi)筭詞尾為gn時sign, foreignkkn在詞開頭時know, knifenmn在詞尾時autumngh在i, ou, au 后面時light, night, thought, daughterl在ould或個別含al的詞中could, would, halfc在含tch的詞中catch, watch, matchd在含dge的詞中bridge, fridgewwr位于詞首時write, wrong其它ss, rr, ff, mm 只發(fā)一個字母的音lesson, worry, bell, office, s