(完整)英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)發(fā)音規(guī)則匯總,推薦文檔

1、1、音素：音素是英語(yǔ)中最小的語(yǔ)音單位，英語(yǔ)中有48個(gè)音素，其中元音20個(gè)，輔音28個(gè)。2、音標(biāo)：是記錄音素的符號(hào)，用于區(qū)別字母，因而需加“”或“/”。3、48個(gè)音標(biāo)r i i同a u： U : o田e a :元音L ei pi 同間 ca ua au aur Pl t k f s p J LJ tr isI 同 p 0 V Z冏 0 d3 dr dz輔音m n舊 Ml JI M h I4、開(kāi)音節(jié)：以元音字母結(jié)尾或以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單詞，叫開(kāi)音節(jié)單詞。在開(kāi)音節(jié)單詞中，元音字母發(fā)它本身的音。5、重音：讀單詞時(shí)總有一個(gè)響亮的音節(jié)叫重讀音節(jié)，以"”來(lái)標(biāo)記。i6、句子重讀：一般原則：

2、有句子重讀的是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、 數(shù)詞、副詞、感嘆詞等。關(guān)鍵性原則：在一定場(chǎng)景下傳遞新信息的 關(guān)鍵詞要重讀。7、連讀：同一句群中，前一詞以輔音音素結(jié)尾，后一詞以元音音素 開(kāi)頭，在語(yǔ)流中將這兩個(gè)音素合拼在一起讀，這種現(xiàn)象叫“連讀”。字母或字母組合在重讀音節(jié)或非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音A）元音字母在單詞中的讀音兒曰字母以日說(shuō)明例詞a/ei/在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中name, make, plane, grade, cake, date, page, safe, face, gate/e/ 在 ny 前any, many, anyone, anything演/在重讀閉首節(jié)中map, fat, sad, back,

3、hand, catch, hat, bad, glad, black, thank, act1M在w或wh后wash, want, watch, whatAr/在 s, ss, st 前past, flash, last, glass, pass, class, basket在w后偶爾發(fā)工，waterar分開(kāi)發(fā)音Mary, parent/a/在非重讀音節(jié)中another, along, asleep, away, among, aroundf!在非重讀音節(jié)中village, comrade, palace兒曰字母以日說(shuō)明例詞e川在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中me, be, we, he, she, these

4、, Chinese/e/在重讀閉首節(jié)中g(shù)et, rest, mend, next, left, then, help, wet, forget, dress, sell, spell|f爾er分開(kāi)發(fā)音zero同在非重讀音節(jié)中open, moment, September門”在非重讀音節(jié)中ticket, begin, behind, cinema,betweeni(y)/ai/在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中time, drive, ride, knife, wife, smile, why, sky, dry, try, fly, spy, July而1在重讀閉首節(jié)中hit, ill, lift, kill,

5、twin, drink, pick, ship, wind, thin, ship, physics在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中police, machinen在非重讀音節(jié)中April, holiday, beautiful在非重讀音節(jié)中office, instead, finish, city, family, reallyo/au/在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中g(shù)o, ago, nose, hope, whole, alone, hole, phone, smoke, joke在重讀閉首節(jié)中clock, sock, shop, dog, cross,cock, bottle, knock, song, strong在

6、m, n, v, th，、乙 刖love, son, some, mother, otherAJ/woman在某些重讀節(jié)中move, lose, who, whoseAwi/one, onceP在非重讀音節(jié)中today, tomorrow, together, second如/在非重讀音節(jié)中onto, intouflu/在重讀音節(jié)中use, student, duty, excuse, musictN在重讀閉首節(jié)中but, cut, up, nut, duck, luck, lunch, sunnyAJ/在重讀閉首節(jié)中put, pull, push, fullfuj在重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中June, r

7、uler在個(gè)別單詞中busy, business/b7 |在非重讀音節(jié)中AugustB）輔音字母在單詞中的讀音輔音字母以日例詞輔音字母以日例詞b/b/busP/p/mapc/s/niceq一不單獨(dú)發(fā)音/k/cupr/r/redd/d/days/s/yesf/f/fly/z/pleaseg郎gatesureWorangeusuallyh/h/het/t/catj，由/jeepv/v/livek/k/kitew/w/wayl/l/latex/ks/nextm/m/my田examplen/n/niney/j/yearunclez/z/zero重點(diǎn)輔音字母讀音講解:n在單詞中的讀音n在一般情況下發(fā)/n

8、/ 。如：kind, need, soon 等。m后面為輔胃胃素由/時(shí)發(fā)/力-知：think即由加hun苧WtiMgriJ, wicltAnkl/o該規(guī)則不 包括加前綴3構(gòu)成的單詞口如：undeatVXnkli: rV （不清潔的）等。S在單詞中的讀音s在單詞開(kāi)頭通常讀/s/。如：sit, stop 等。s后面的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時(shí)讀/s/。如：desk, past, question, mistake 等。以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，s前的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時(shí)，詞尾s讀/s/ 如：clocks, shops 等。ss在單詞中讀/s/ 。如pass, lesson 等。s在兩個(gè)元音音素之間常讀/z/。如：

9、music/ ' mju:zik/, visit/ ' vizit/ 等。&后面是濁輔音時(shí)讀在人如m hu函end/hnzb同nd/,日日宣息on/Bi:2普寸加s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)名詞及單數(shù)第三人稱動(dòng)詞形式中，s前面為濁輔音 或元音時(shí)，s 讀/z/ 。如：bags, plays, blows, rulers 等。以肥開(kāi)頭的極少數(shù)單詞中目常讀17。加sureflua/, stigit/Juge/o®s讀門/僅限千usuilly pleasui*等極少數(shù)至詞&C）元音字母組合在單詞中的讀音這類字母組合通常有兩個(gè)元音字母組成，其中的元音字母組合有的只發(fā)一種音，有的

10、發(fā)兩種或兩種以上的音。兀音字母組合以日說(shuō)明例詞ea/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中team, clean, sea, tea, east, cheap, easy, speak, season, read/e/在重讀音節(jié)中head, bread, ready, weather, health在重讀音節(jié)中idea, real, really/ei/在重談首節(jié)中g(shù)reat, breakai/ei/在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中train, rain wait, waiter/e/在重讀音節(jié)中said, says/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中itiounifiuVhi audi n/lLlee/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中see, bee,

11、free, sheep, feel, meet, need, green, asleepey/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中they, hey, obey（遵守）/i:/在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中key/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中monkey, moneyeo/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中peopleei/i:/在重談首節(jié)中receive/ri ' si:v/ （收至U）/ei/在字母組合eigh中eight, eighteen, weighou在重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)round, round, around, out, mouse, blouse故在重讀音節(jié)中young, country, touch, enough,double

12、/u:/在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中g(shù)roup在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中could, should, wouldue/u:/e不發(fā)音blue/e/u不發(fā)音guess兒曰字母組合以日說(shuō)明例詞oo/u:/詞尾或詞中zoo, soon, food, cool, tooth,noon, fool加在k或d前cook, look, took, good, foot, wood河在l和d之間bhod/blAd/ （di）oa/u/在重讀音節(jié)中coat, goat, boatoy/oi/在重讀音節(jié)中boy, enjoy, joy, toyoi在重讀音節(jié)中toilet, oil（油）ie/e/i不發(fā)音friend/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中

13、field, piece, thief（賊）Zaie/在個(gè)別單詞中quiet/ai/在詞尾lie, die, tieau在重讀音節(jié)中autumn, daughter, August在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中auntay/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中today, away, stay, may, say, play/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中Monday, Sundayui/u:/在重讀音節(jié)中fruitoe/u:/位于詞尾shoeioZaia/在重讀音節(jié)中pioneeruy/ai/重讀音節(jié)，詞尾buyye/ai/重讀音節(jié)，詞尾byeD）輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音這類字母組合通常有兩個(gè)輔音字母組成，大部分輔音字母組合只有一

14、種讀音，有少數(shù)輔音字母組合有兩種或兩種以上讀音。輔音字母組合以日說(shuō)明例詞ch心大部分單詞中which, lunch, chair, China, teach/k/在少數(shù)單詞中school, chemistry/ ' kemistri/（化學(xué)）在個(gè)別單詞中machineck/k/一般位于詞尾clock, back, black輔音字母組合以日說(shuō)明例詞燈|（詞尾sing, song, bring, seeingng加（詞中English, hungry, angry, strongersh加在詞首、詞中或詞尾shall, fishing, finish, washPh/f/力在詞首phon

15、e, photo,10physics/ ' fiziks/（物理）wh/h/后為。時(shí)who, whose, whole/w/后為其它兀音字母時(shí)when, which, why, wheregh/f/般在詞尾laugh, enough, coughth在詞尾或以th開(kāi)頭的 彳詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、 ，詞中both, tooth, fifth, south, thing, think, thick, third/e/在ther中及代詞、冠司、連詞或副詞中another, feather, them, with, than, thenwr/r/“詞首write, wrong, writer在詞首

16、kn/n/know, knife, Inowltdge/hMid5/如識(shí)）tch1加catch, match, watchdr/dr/一般位于詞首drive, dry, dress, drinktr/tr/一般位于詞首tree, truck, train, trousersds/dz/一般在詞尾beds, finds, handsts/ts/一般在詞尾students, lets, boats, cats, wantsE）元、輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音這類字母組合有兩類：一類是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)元音字母與r組合, 構(gòu)成-r音節(jié)或-re音節(jié)。這是主要一類元輔音字母組合。另一類是一個(gè)元音字母與除r以外的某

17、個(gè)輔音字母組合。這類元輔音字母組合數(shù)量很少。兀、輔旨字母組以日說(shuō)明例詞合far, park, card, party, hard,心»重讀音節(jié)中start, March, farther, hardly （幾ar乎不）在w后warm, war, warn（ 警告），quarter同非重讀音節(jié)中popular, similar重讀音節(jié)中her, term, certainly, preferer間非重讀音節(jié)中farmer, worker, writer, letter,waiter元、輔音字母組讀音說(shuō)明 例合ir1重讀音節(jié)中third, bird,girl, shirt, first,

18、 dirty也7重讀音節(jié)中short, sport, horse, born, northor加，在w后work, word, world, worse, worst|同非重讀音節(jié)q中doctor, visitor（游客）ur重讀音節(jié)中turn, hurt（受傷），Thursday,purple, purseare愴at重讀音節(jié)中care, careful, hare/ lay重讀音節(jié)中near, hear, clear, dear, nearlyear,7s y重讀音節(jié)中early, earth, learn, heard血少數(shù)詞中tear, pear, bear（ 熊）加:/個(gè)別詞中hea

19、rtere/tea/重讀音節(jié)中where, there/la/重讀音節(jié)中hereore重讀音節(jié)中before, more, scoreire舟i”重讀音節(jié)中tired, hire（雇用），fire （火）eer/ia；重讀音節(jié)中deer （鹿），pioneerAjs£重讀音節(jié)中sureure回非重讀音節(jié)中pleasure, picture, treasure（貝才寶）eirTea/重讀音節(jié)中theirairZees重讀音節(jié)中chair, hair, pair, fair（金色的）our也7重讀音節(jié)中four, fourth, course, pour（倒；灌注）f重讀音節(jié)中hour|

20、/s/非重讀音節(jié)中colouroor一般讀心，door, floor心0個(gè)別詞中poor一般讀出”call, walk, talk, tall, smallal北山以al開(kāi)頭的副詞also, always, already, almost/ar/個(gè)別詞中half兀、輔音字母組合讀音說(shuō)明例詞ow重讀或非重讀音節(jié)中slow, blow, show, snow, throw,window, yellow,borrow,tomorrow招w重讀音節(jié)中now, how, cow, down, brownew/ju:?讀/ju:/few, knew, news, newspaper加沙|不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式中

21、threw, drew, flew, grew個(gè)別詞中sew（縫紉）tion/Jen；一般讀取rvstation, dictionary, operation在s后questionaw|Zar；|重讀音節(jié)中draw, law （法律）dge只有g(shù)發(fā)音bridge, fridge, judge（法官）igh館“只有i發(fā)音light, night, bright, fight, highough只有ou發(fā)音bought, brought, thoughtaugh為:，只有au發(fā)音daughter, taught, caughtind忖nW二個(gè)字母都發(fā)音kind, find, mind, behin

22、doldZauld/二個(gè)字母都發(fā)音sold, told, cold, holdF）不發(fā)音的字母和字母組合英語(yǔ)單詞的讀音和拼寫(xiě)形式雖然聯(lián)系緊密，但并不是完全對(duì)應(yīng)的，有很多單詞中的某一字母或幾個(gè)字母不發(fā)音。 單詞不發(fā)音的字母中，既有元音字母或字母組合，也有輔音字母或字母組合。不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合給拼寫(xiě)單詞帶來(lái)了一定的困難，但也不是無(wú)規(guī)律可循的。請(qǐng)看下表：不發(fā)音的字母“字母組合說(shuō)明例詞e以e結(jié)尾的相對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)詞rice, nose中o構(gòu)成成音節(jié)的-son中l(wèi)esson, season, personugu在詞首時(shí)guessea在個(gè)別詞中beautifuluegue在詞尾時(shí)dialogue, leag

23、ue不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合說(shuō)明例詞b在詞尾且其前面為字母m時(shí)climb, tomb/tu:m/ 墳?zāi)筭詞尾為gn時(shí)sign, foreignkkn在詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)know, knifenmn在詞尾時(shí)autumngh在i, ou, au 后面時(shí)light, night, thought, daughterl在ould或個(gè)別含al的詞中could, would, halfc在含tch的詞中catch, watch, matchd在含dge的詞中bridge, fridgewwr位于詞首時(shí)write, wrong其它ss, rr, ff, mm 只發(fā)一個(gè)字母的音lesson, worry, bell, office, s