語法第三部分第四講狀語從句

1、第四講/狀語從句考什么3學什么明確方向備著增時裔效命題點一時間和條件狀語從句全析考法I.單句語法填空1. （2018北京高考改編）we dont stop climate change, many animals andpl ants in the world will be gone.解析：If句意：如果我們不阻止氣候變化，世界上的許多動植物將會消失。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應該用 if引導條件狀語從句，表示主句內容發(fā)生的條件。2. （2016 全國卷川）Over time,the popu lation grew, people began cutting foodinto small pi e

2、ces so it would cook more quickly.解析：as/when 句意：慢慢地，隨著人口的增加（或：當人口增加時），為了使食物熟得更快，人們開始把食物切成小塊。根據(jù)句意可知，此處可用as/when引導時間狀語從句。3. （2016 四川高考）The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a humandoes.it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting p ats.解析：When /If第二句句意：當它哭的時候/

3、如果它哭了，熊貓媽媽會來回搖晃它,輕輕拍打，給它安慰。根據(jù)句意可知，應填when或if。4. （2014 遼寧高考）Unbelievable! Oh .,you dont mind, Ill stop and take adee P breath.解析：if此處表示：噢如果你不介意，我要停下來做一下深呼吸。根據(jù)句意可知,應填if引導條件狀語從句。n .單句改錯1. （2018 全國卷 n ）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out tobe very useful later in my life.解析：wher

4、ewhen 根據(jù)句意可知，父母是在我小時候教我玩紙牌的，所以此處要用when引導時間狀語從句。2. （2015 陜西高考）My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I wasp acking them up.解析：after when/while 句意：我所犯的唯一的錯誤就是當我打包它們（餅干）的時候,掉在了地上一些。 when/while “當?shù)臅r候”，after “在之后”。根據(jù)句意應將after改為 when/while。謹記規(guī)則（一）時間狀語從句1. when, while和as引導的時間狀語從句連詞含義用法w

5、hen當時候可與延續(xù)性動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞連用；從句動作可以發(fā)生在主句動作之前、之后或與主句動作冋時發(fā)生while當時候只可與延續(xù)性動詞連用；側重于主句動作與從句動作相對比as一邊一邊；隨著常與延續(xù)性動詞連用；從句動作與主句動作同時或幾乎同時 發(fā)生Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wines went up.英國的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，播放法國音樂時，法國葡萄酒的銷量會增加。While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words

6、 and images. 孩子們在看電視的時候，接收的不只是文字和圖像信息。As he grew older, he became less active. 隨著他逐漸長大，他變得不那么活潑了。特別注意如果主句表示的是非延續(xù)性動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內正在進行的動作，則when, while與as可互換使用。When /While/ As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. 我正沿著大街走時，碰巧遇到了我的一個老朋友。2.表示“一就”含義的詞或短語引導的時間狀語從句（1）有的名詞（短語）

7、或副詞可引導時間狀語從句，女如: the moment, the minute, the second,the instant, immediately, directly, instantly 等，另夕卜 as soon as也可弓I導時間狀語從句，從句中用一般時態(tài)代替將來時態(tài)。For exam ple, the moment you get on the air pl ane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destinations time .例如，你一上飛機，就開始按照目的地的時間調整你的生物鐘。The boy ran off

8、 the minute he saw the owner of the orchard. 那個男孩一見至U果園的主人就跑開了。在 hardly /scarcely . when/ before .和 no sooner . than .結構中，主句用過去完成時，than, before或when所在的從句用一般過去時。I had hardly told him the news when he stopped listening. 我一告訴他那則消息他就不聽了。He had no sooner finished his sp eechthan the students started chee

9、ring.他 一完成演講, 學生就開始歡呼起來。特另y注意 在 hardly /scarcely . when/ before ., no sooner . than .結構中，當 hardly, scarcely或no sooner位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。They had hardly reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London. =Hardly had they reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London.他們剛抵達愛丁堡就接到了

10、回倫敦的命令。3. till, until 和 not . until/till 的用法until, till兩者均表示“直到為止”，引導時間狀語從句?？隙ň渲?，其主句謂語not . until ., not . till . 兩動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞，表示某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間為止。者均表示“直到才”not所在的主句的謂語動詞必須為非延續(xù)性動詞，表示某動作直到某時間才開始。until可用于句首，而 till不可放在句首，till 一般不用于強調句型。The father waited until his daughter had finished her homework. 那位父親一直等至U

11、他的女兒做完家庭作業(yè)。The baby didnt go to bed until/till his mother returned. 這個嬰兒直到他的媽媽回來才睡覺。4. after, before引導的時間狀語從句after表示“在之后”，before表示“在之前；還沒來得及就”。He changed his name after he left his hometown. 離開家鄉(xiāng)后他把名字改了。Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood disease

12、s在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學改變自然規(guī)律之前，許多孩子死于一些常見的兒童疾病。特別注意（1） “It will be/was +時間段+ before從句表示 在之前還要多久/過了 多久才”。It will be half a year before I graduate.半年后我才畢業(yè)。“It wont be/wasnt +時間段+ before從句表示 過不了多久就/沒過多久 就”。It wasnt long before we started.沒過多久我們就動身了。5. since引導的時間狀語從句since意為“自從以來”，從句的謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)性動詞，主句的謂語動詞般是延續(xù)性動詞。since從句

13、的時態(tài)若是一般過去時，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進 行時。此外，since常用于以下句型:It is/has been + 時間段+ since從句（常用一般過去時 jIt is/has been +時間段+ since從句（常用一般過去時）”句型的含義取決于從句的謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞。若從句謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞，則表示從該動作開始一直延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在多久；若從句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞，則表示從該動作結束到現(xiàn)在多久。They have been friends since they met for the first time in London. 自從在倫敦第一次見 面以來，他們一直是朋友

14、。It is three years since the war ended. 戰(zhàn)爭已經結束三年了。It is three years since he lived here. 他不在這里住已經有三年了。6其他常見名詞短語引導的時間狀語從句every time每次each time每次any time任何時候next time下次all the time（在某段時間內）一直the first/last time第一次 / 最后一次the day/year .那天 /年Every time I meet her I always forget her name. 每次我見到她時，我總記不起她的名

15、字。The first time I met her, I thought her nice and honest. 我第一次遇見她時，就覺得她友好又誠實。（二）條件狀語從句1引導條件狀語從句的常見從屬連詞（短語 ）有：if, unless, as/so long as, in case ( 萬一 ), once, on condition that, provided/ providing (that), supposing/suppose (that), assuming that 假( 設 )等。Youll fail the exam unlessyou study hard. 除非你努

16、力學習，否則你會考試不及格。They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他們同意把車借給我們，條件是我們必須在周末前歸還。My parents dont mind what job I do as long asI am happy. 我的父母不在意我從事什么工作，只要我高興就好。2 only if 和 if only 的區(qū)別only if 意為“只有”，置于句首時主句的主謂要用部分倒裝。 if only 意為“但愿；要是就好了”，引導的從句要用虛擬語氣：與現(xiàn)在的情況相反

17、時，從句用一般過去時；would/could 與過去的情況相反時，從句用過去完成時；與將來的情況相反時，謂語用“ 動詞原形”。Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others. 他只有更加努力學習才能趕上其他人。If only it would stop raining !但愿雨會停!命題點二其他狀語從句全析考法I .單句語法填空1. （2018 天津高考改編）Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend sotheyget sweet enough to be eaten.解析：that

18、 so that “以便；為了 ”，在此處引導目的狀語從句。2. （2017北京高考改編）.birds use their feathers for flight, some of theirfeathers are for other purpo ses.解析：Although 句意：盡管鳥類用羽毛飛行，但是它們的一些羽毛也有其他用途。由句意可知，空處引導讓步狀語從句，故填Although。n .單句改錯1. （2015 浙江高考）lf I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will neverforget it.解析：

19、If 7 Although/Though 句意：盡管在那個教室學習時我僅僅是一個孩子，但我 永遠忘不了它。根據(jù)句意可知，此處并不存在條件關系， 而是表示讓步，應將if改為although 或 thougho2 .（2014 全國卷）And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.解析：that7as as many . as we can為固定句式， as弓I導比較狀語從句。謹記規(guī)則（一）讓步狀語從句1. although, though, as與while引導的讓步狀語從句（1）although引導讓步狀語從句時，只能用正常語序

20、；though引導讓步狀語從句時,可用正常語序，也可用倒裝語序；as引導讓步狀語從句時只能用倒裝語序，即從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首，若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。Although/Though he may be troubled, he always p resents a calm smiling face. 盡管他可能會遇到麻煩，但他總是露出平靜的微笑。Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot. 盡管他是個孩子，他卻幫了我很大的忙。Try as/though he might, he could not open the doo

21、r. 不管他怎樣努力，他都無法打開那個門。although與though都可以與 yet, still, nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on p laying football.雖然雨下得很大，但他們還是繼續(xù)踢足球。(3)while 引導讓步狀語從句時，一般置于句首。While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 盡管我承認有問題存在，但我不同意這些問題不能解決。

22、2 even if 與 even though 引導的讓步狀語從句even if與even though表示即使，縱然，引導讓步狀語從句時，可用虛擬語氣，也 可以用陳述語氣。Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. 我要做這件事，即使它將花去我整個下午的時間。Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job. 即使我處于你的位置，我也不會接受這份工作。3. no matter +疑問詞”與疑問詞+ -ever”引導的讓步狀語從句“no matter +疑問詞”相當于疑問詞+-eve

23、r”，二者都可以引導讓步狀語從句。Dont trust him, no matter what/whatever he says. 無論他說什么，不要相信他。(2)whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever 還可以引導名詞性從句，但“ no matter 疑問詞”不可以。4 whether . or (not) . 引導的讓步狀語從句Whether . or .表示不論還是，提供兩種對比情況。Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary toolsor not.不管我們能否 找到所需的工

24、具，我們都要把這項工作做下去。(二)地點和原因狀語從句1地點狀語從句地點狀語從句可用 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 等引導。地點狀語從句可置 于句首、句中或句尾。If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay where you are and wait for help. 如果你剛好在野外迷路了，你最好待在你所在的地方等待救援。Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 她所到之處都有成群 的人等

25、著見她。特別注意 where 既可引導定語從句，也可引導狀語從句。引導定語從句時，從句前 應有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞， where 可替換成 “介詞 which” ；而狀語從句前則無 先行詞。Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. （定語從句 ）Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. （狀語從句 ） 你最好在你有問題的地方做個標記。2原因狀語從句引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because 因為as由于since既然now tha

26、t 既然seeing that由于；鑒于in that 由于；因為considering (that)考慮到；鑒于(l)because用來回答why的提問，語氣最強，一般放在主句之后。(2)since, now that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。(注意比(3)as引導的從句常放在句首，說明次要的原因，主句說明結果，常用于口語中 較：for連接的是并列句)。I dont get lonely now becauseI make the effort to see people. 我現(xiàn)在不覺得孤獨了，因 為我嘗試著與人交往。As it is fine, we shall

27、go out for a walk. 因為天氣不錯，我們將外出散步。知識拓展 when 也可表示 “既然 ”，引導原因狀語從句。How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television ？既然他們把所有的空閑時間都用來看電視了，還怎么能學到東西呢？(三) 目的和結果狀語從句1目的狀語從句(1)in order that與so that引導的目的狀語兩個連詞都意為“以便;為了”,其引導的狀語從句中謂語應用could/should/ might/would +動詞原形”。in order

28、 that 比 so that正式，引導的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引導的從句只能置于主句之后。Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear yo u .大點聲講， 以便 大廳里的人都能聽見。In order that we might get there on time, we should set out early.為了準時趕至U那里，我 們應該早點出發(fā)。特別注意當主從句的主語一致時，so that和in order that引導的目的狀語從句可以轉換成相對應的動詞不定式結

29、構。We got up early so that we could arrive in time. T We got up early so as toarrive in time.為了能及時趕到，我們起得很早。Betty saved money in order that she could buy a portable computer. T Betty saved money in order to buy a po rtable com puter.貝蒂存錢是為了買一臺手提電腦。for fear that與in case引導的目的狀語從句for fear that表示唯恐；生怕”；i

30、n case表示以免，以防”。Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day. 留一把鑰匙給你的鄰居，以防哪天你把自己鎖在門外。2.結果狀語從句引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so that以至于so . that如此以至于如此以至于such . that .so . that與such . that引導結果狀語從句的結構形式為:so+形容詞/副詞+ that從句 so+形容詞+ a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ that從句so+ many/much/few/little （少）+名詞+ that從句su

31、ch + a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that從句 such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) /不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句such + a lot of/lots of+名詞+ that 從句He is so exp erienced a worker that we all believe him. =He is suchan exp erienced worker that we all believe him.他是一位很有經驗的工人，我們都信任他。特別注意 在 so . that .和 such . that .結構中，當 “ so+ adj./adv.” 或 “such+n.”置于句首時，

32、主句要部分倒裝。So fast did he run that I couldnt catch him.他跑得那么快，我抓不住他。(2)除結果狀語從句外，too . to ., . enough to ., so . as to ., such . as to .等不定式結構同樣可以表示結果。He got up too late to catch the first train.=He didnt get up early enough to catch the first train.=He got up so late as to miss the first train.他起床太晚了以至

33、于沒趕上第一班火車。（四）方式和比較狀語從句1.方式狀語從句引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有:as正如；按照as if/as though好像；仿佛as if或as though引導的從句與事實相反時，通常用虛擬語氣：與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，從句謂語用“had +過去分詞”；與將來事實相反，從句謂語用“ would /could/ might +動詞原形”。從句內容與事實相符或可能成為事實時，則用陳述句語氣。They treat her as though she were their daughter. 他們待她如親生女兒一樣。Look at the clouds! I

34、t looks as if it is going to rain. 看那些云！看起來好像要下雨了。2.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句一般位于句尾，常用as . as, not as/so . as,比較級+ than弓I導。He is taller than any other student in our school.他比我們學校的其他任何一個學生都高。知識拓展what引導的比較狀語從句的句式：A is to B what C is to D . “A對B而言正如C對D 一樣”。Air is to us what water is to fish.空氣之于我們就如同水之于魚一樣（重要）。怎么考

35、3怎么解解題有徑可尋語法填空解題“3知能”1 .牢記連詞詞義并能熟練運用是解答題目的先決條件;2.牢記固定句式結構，確定從屬連詞;3.根據(jù)主從句的邏輯關系確定狀語從句的連接詞。如果主從句是因果關系，則要考慮用 because, as, since;如果主從句有時間先后之分,則要考慮用時間狀語從句的連接詞；如果從句為主句的條件,則要考慮用if；如果從句表示讓步，則要考慮用 although, though, while。1. And he speaks so slowly and strangely_that_it takes patience to understand what heis s

36、aying.2. Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief.3. In addition, some sharp remarks, though /although/ while they are eye-catching, mayhave misleading effects on the youth.4.Interesting as/though it may seem, I dont like it.5.This is the first time I have seen t

37、he moonlight since I came here.6.I believe this sports meeting will remain a p recious memory for all of us asJtime goesby.7.If the guests are seated at the table, the hosts may serve the food, or it may be p assedso thal_each person may help himself.8. Air pollution is getting more and more serious

38、, so we must take action before it is toolate.短文改錯解題 “ 3步驟”第1步分析句子結構，弄清邏輯關系;第2步判斷狀語從句類型;第3步鎖定從屬連詞。1. I have fallen in love with journalism when I was a child.when since2. Before the old man came back, the smell of the whisky reminded him of theaccident.BeforeWhen3.The club was very popular that many

39、 students signed up for it.very so4.Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule.unless if5.Luckily, he was the only one who finally got the job, so the manager decided to givethe job to whoever he believed was helpful. so because6. As long as insects happen to touch the webs, no mat

40、ter what hard they try, they cantesca pe.what how7. Besides, assign a little extra time for each task, such that the work will be carried outsystematically.such so8. Shaking hands is the most popular way to greet each other while peoplemeet.while when9. They said this was so a beautiful day that the

41、y would remember it forever.sosuch10. Its good to arrive early so you can get settled after classes start.after before語篇綜合檢測I .語法填空A boy found a cocoon (繭)of a butterfly and watched the butterfly for several hours asit struggled to force its body _1_ that little hole.Suddenly it stopped _2_ (make) a

42、nyP rogress because it _3_ (stick). So he cut off the remaining part of the cocoon. _4_ it hada swollen body and small wings, the butterfly then came out 5 (easy). The boy waitedfor the wings to become _6_ (large) to support it.But it didnt happ en.In fact, it must have_7_ hard struggle to get its _

43、8_ (free) from the cocoon. The boy didnt understand thatthe restricting cocoon and the struggle _9_ (need) by the butterfly were a way to prepareitself for flying once it was out of the cocoon.Our struggles in life devel op our strength, without _10_ we never get stronger, so itsimpo rtant for us to handle challenges on our own, and not to rely on others for help.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過講述一個故事抒發(fā)了自己的人生感悟：人只有奮斗才能變得更加強大。1. through 考查介詞。蝴蝶掙扎著迫使它的身體穿過那個小洞，表示“穿過”要用介詞 through 。2. making 考查非謂語動詞。stop doing sth的意思是 停止做某事”，其中的doing是動名詞作