初中英語句子成分講解

1、初中英語句子成分一 . 句子的成分:句子的成分是指組成句子的各個(gè)部分,即:主語、謂語、表語、 賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語 、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。主要成分:主語 和 謂語句子的成分次要成分:表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語 等(一 主語:主語是一個(gè)句子的主要成分,也是句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首, Subject 表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等充當(dāng)。注意 :在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂 例如:Tom is a good boy. (名詞 (代詞 (數(shù)詞 (不定式 (動(dòng)名詞 (名詞化形容詞 主語從句

2、為形式主語,真正的主語是不 定式 (二 謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。說明主語“做什么” 、 Predicate “是什么”或“怎么樣” ,一般由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語來充當(dāng),一般放在主 語之后。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。謂語的構(gòu)成如下: 1. 簡單謂語 :由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。例如:( 動(dòng)詞 (動(dòng)詞短語2. 復(fù)合謂語 :(1由(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成;例如:Y ou may keep the book for two weeks.(2由(系動(dòng)詞 +表語構(gòu)成。(三 表語 :表語用于說明主語的性質(zhì)、身份、特征和狀態(tài)等,說明主語“是什么” Predicativ

3、e 或 “怎么樣” 。 表語一般由名詞、 代詞、 形容詞、 分詞、 數(shù)詞、 不定式、 動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及從句充當(dāng)。它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如 be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等之 后。表語須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語,即成 系表結(jié)構(gòu) 。 如:(名詞 (代詞 (形容詞(現(xiàn)在分詞(過去分詞(數(shù)詞(不定式(動(dòng)名詞(介詞短語(副詞 (表語從句(四 賓語:賓語表示動(dòng)作的對象或承受者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面 , 和及物 Object 動(dòng)詞一起說明主語“做什么”詞、不定式

4、和賓語從句。如:They went to see an exhibition yesterday. (名詞(代詞 (數(shù)詞. (名詞化形容詞 (不定式(動(dòng)名詞(賓語從句賓語種類:< 1 > 雙賓語 (間接賓語 +直接賓語 ,例如:間賓 直賓 直賓 間賓 可帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有 bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。 “ 七 給 ” 一 “ 帶 ” to不少 , “ 買 ” 畫 “ 制作 ” for來了。帶雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞 , 如果把直接賓語置于間接賓語之前 , 必須在變換時(shí)加 或 。這 11個(gè)及物

5、動(dòng)詞可以概括如下: 1、 “ 七給 ”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand和 “ 帶 ”(bring 8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞 , 在直接賓語前置時(shí) , 必須在后面加上 “to” 。即 + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.類似動(dòng)詞的還有:get, mail, offer,pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach等2、 “buy” (買 ;“draw” (畫 ; “make” (制作 三個(gè)動(dòng)詞 , 在直接賓語前置時(shí) , 則必須在后邊加 “for”, 構(gòu)成 + sb.” 。 如:。 類似的動(dòng)詞還有

6、:build , choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等。3、當(dāng)直接賓語是代詞時(shí),間接賓語 for 和 to 于直接賓語之后如:Richard made it for him。理查德為他做的這個(gè)東西Give it to me。把它給我 4、有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語、間接賓語或雙賓語,如 ask, teach, tell, owe, pay.I asked John. 我問約翰I asked a question. 我問了一個(gè)問題I asked John a question.我問了約翰一個(gè)問題< 2 >復(fù)合賓語 (賓語 +賓

7、語補(bǔ)足語 ,例如:賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語(五賓語補(bǔ)足語 :用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份,賓語補(bǔ)足語可由名詞、 Object Complement形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。并與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語的句子成分, 叫做 賓語補(bǔ)足語 。 英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如 make, let, see, find, name等或介詞(如 with + 賓語 +賓補(bǔ)。例如:(名詞 (形容詞 (副詞(不定式 (現(xiàn)在分詞(過去分詞(介詞短語(從句 (六 定語 :修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句

8、稱為定語。定語可由名詞、形容詞、 Attributive 代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞等來充當(dāng)。. (形容詞(現(xiàn)在分詞. (過去分詞(名詞(形容詞性物主代詞(不定式(動(dòng)名詞(介詞短語(七狀語:用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、 Adverbial 地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式、 從句或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞組或短語等來充當(dāng)。如:(副詞性詞組 (介詞短語不定式 (現(xiàn)在分詞短語 (名詞(狀語從句狀語種類:時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、方式狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、讓步狀語、伴隨狀語、比較狀語等。 如 :(時(shí)間狀語 Last ni

9、ght he didnt go to the dance party (原因狀語 I shall go there . (條件狀語從句 (地點(diǎn)狀語 (方式狀語 (伴隨狀語 (目的狀語 (結(jié)果狀語從句 (讓步狀語從句 (比較狀語從句 八、獨(dú)立成分:與全句沒有語法關(guān)系的句子成分叫做句子的獨(dú)立成分感嘆詞:oh, hello, aha, ah,等?？隙ㄔ~ :yes否定詞 :no稱呼語:稱呼人的用語。插入語:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。如 : The story, I think, has never come to the end. 我相信 , 這個(gè)故事還遠(yuǎn)沒結(jié)束 .句

10、子成分練習(xí)題( 一 1. 指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4 分） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 選出句中謂語的中心詞（10 分） （ ） I don't

11、 like the picture on the wall. A. don't （ B. like C. picture D. wall ） The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer （ ） Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus （ ） There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B

12、. meeting C. the library D. afternoon （ ） Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast （ ） Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework （ ） What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is （ ） We had bet

13、ter send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor （ ） He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music （ ） Whom did you give my book to? 6 A. give B. did C. whom D. book 3. 找出下列句中的表語（5 分） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow.

14、 Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. 4. 挑出下列句中的賓語（10 分） My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the stude

15、nts in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didn't know who "Father Christmas&qu

16、ot; really is. 5. 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5 分） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. 7 Did he leave any message for me? 6. 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語（6 分） She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the

17、reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 7. 找出下列句中的定語（6 分） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given nam

18、e? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! 8. 找出下列句中的狀語（8 分） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn Englis

19、h when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. 8 句子成分練習(xí)題( 一 答案 1. teacher man dictionary 2. B A CA C