初二下冊(cè)u(píng)nit 9學(xué)案

1、培訓(xùn)時(shí)間：第_10_次，2013年_6_月_2_日 _10_時(shí)_0_分至_12_時(shí)_0_分；培訓(xùn)老師：莫老師培訓(xùn)學(xué)生：黃程林培訓(xùn)地點(diǎn)：樟木頭芝麻園教育中心（中心小學(xué)旁邊）培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)：課本各單元同步過(guò)關(guān)Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park？【第1步】教材優(yōu)化全析一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法；2.了解一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義的區(qū)別；3.能夠準(zhǔn)確使用多種時(shí)態(tài)談?wù)撟约旱慕?jīng)歷。 二、學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由主語(yǔ)have/has過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。其主要用法如下：I. 在未指明具體時(shí)間的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常可以表示在

2、說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成，而后果或影響至今仍存在的動(dòng)作。例如：The concert has started. 音樂會(huì)已經(jīng)開始。 I have had breakfast. 我已吃過(guò)早飯。注意：have gone to 和 have been to 在意義上有區(qū)別。例如：He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。（他已前往香港，或在途中，或已到達(dá)。說(shuō)話人暗示他現(xiàn)在不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。）He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到過(guò)香港。（說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他過(guò)去到過(guò)香港,現(xiàn)在已不在該地。言外之意他對(duì)香港有所了解。）II. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞可以表示開始于過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行

3、下去）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：1) I have studied English since last year. 我從去年開始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意：come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的，不能延續(xù)的，故不能與for ，since 等開頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。不過(guò)，這些詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，即動(dòng)作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。例如：不能說(shuō)：*He has

4、 come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months. * I have received his letter for a month.可以說(shuō)：He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in th

5、e army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his letter for almost a month.或者：It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma

6、 died.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來(lái)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)只限于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作本身，與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)在意義上的區(qū)別舉例如下：I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已經(jīng)打掃過(guò)我的房間了。I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打掃了我的房間。Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。They have bought a

7、dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他們買了一本字典。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（如：yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等）連用，但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（如：already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等）連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

8、（如：today, this morning, this week, this year等）連用。例如：She has already finished her work. 她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。I havent read the story yet. 我還沒讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事。 Have you met him before? 你從前曾見過(guò)他嗎？Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。比較：I have seen him this morning .我上午看見他了。（說(shuō)話時(shí)在上午）I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇見了

9、他。（說(shuō)話時(shí)可能是下午或者晚上）It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。（說(shuō)話時(shí)仍是冬天）3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以表示“從過(guò)去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”這一概念，有時(shí)兩者可以互相代用，但前者多用于口語(yǔ)。在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí)，多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)行時(shí)。比較：I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好幾次了。I have been waiting for him for an hour. 我等

10、他等了一小時(shí)。He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。一些詞和詞組的用法：1. graduate 可以做動(dòng)詞，表示“畢業(yè)，獲得學(xué)位”，它的名詞形式是graduation. graduate 還可以作為名詞，表示“研究生”，與此對(duì)應(yīng)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生叫做undergraduate. 這里列出大家所知道的幾個(gè)學(xué)位：學(xué)士學(xué)位 Bachelors Degree 文科學(xué)士 B. A. (Bachelor of Art)理科學(xué)士 B. Sc. (Bachelor of Science) 碩士學(xué)位

11、Masters Degree文科碩士 M. A (Master of Art)理科碩士 M. Sc. (Master of Science)博士學(xué)位 Doctors Degree 哲學(xué)博士 Ph. D (Philosophiae Doctor)2. already “已經(jīng)” ; yet “仍然，還”這兩個(gè)副詞常常用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，其中already常用于肯定句，yet常用于否定句和疑問句中。例如：Jim has already finished his work. Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。Mother hasnt come home yet. 媽媽還沒回來(lái)。Havent you read Th

12、e Call of the Wild yet? 你還沒讀過(guò)野性的呼喚嗎？3. neither 表示“兩者都不，兩者中沒有一個(gè)”，是both的完全否定形式。either 表示“兩者之一，兩者中任一個(gè)”，還可以用于否定句中表示“也”，這種用法與肯定句中的too相對(duì)應(yīng)。例如：Neither of the twins likes swimming. 那對(duì)雙胞胎都不喜歡游泳。Neither my sister or I am have ever been abroad. 我和我姐姐都沒出過(guò)國(guó)。My sister has never been abroad. I havent, either. 我姐姐沒出

13、過(guò)國(guó)，我也沒有。4. neither還可以用于完全倒裝句中，表示“也沒有”。這種用法和so在完全倒裝句中表示“也”的用法相對(duì)應(yīng)。例如：My sister has never been abroad. Neither have I. 我姐姐沒出過(guò)國(guó)，我也沒有。Lily likes playing the piano. So has her brother. Lily喜歡彈鋼琴，她弟弟也喜歡。I am not new here. Neither is Tom. 我不是新來(lái)的。Tom也不是。5. 注意區(qū)別so在完全倒裝句和不完全倒裝句中的用法。so助動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ) 完全倒裝，表示“也” so主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞 不

14、完全倒裝，表示“確實(shí)如此”例如：Mary has gone to Singapore. So has Emily. Mary去新加坡了。Emily也去了。- Dracula likes spicy food. - Dracula喜歡吃辣的。- So he does. - 是的，確實(shí)如此。6. among 表示“在（三者或三者以上）之中” between 表示“在（兩者）之中”例如：The Long River is among the longest rivers in the world.長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。Can you tell the difference between “f

15、ind” and “l(fā)ook for”?你知道find和look for的區(qū)別嗎？7. It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。在這句話里強(qiáng)調(diào)原因“because ”。這句話的意思是：“正是因?yàn)槲視?huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)我才得到了這份工作”。強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：一、用括號(hào)中給出的詞回答問題。1. Have you seen Mrs. Tang these days? (yes)_2. Have you played kites this spring? (no)_3. Have they watched the movie Th

16、e Matrix Reloaded? (yes)_4. Has your mother ever been to Tibet? (never.)_5. How long have you played piano? (two hours)_6. How long has Tom listened to English songs? (twelve years old)_7. How many English story books have they read this semester? (six)_8. How many cities have you visited? (twelve)_

17、二、根據(jù)句意和所給首字母，填寫單詞完成句子。1.Has Shirley ever been to an a_ park?2.People in Europe are called E_.3.The United Kingdom, the United States and Australia are all E_ countries.4.It was Christopher Columbus who first d_ American continent.5.I like fruits, e_ sweet fruits, like watermelon and litchi.6.A fligh

18、t a_ is someone who serves on an airplane.7.Mike is good at playing m_ instruments, such as guitar and saxophone.8.My sister has never been to a water park. N_ have I.9.Zhang Ziyi and Yang Ziqiong are both famous a_.10.Coco Lee uses Latin music and other western styles to a_ fans from different coun

19、tries.三、根據(jù)句意選擇最佳答案，填在題前的括號(hào)里。( ) 1. -_ you ever _ to an aquarium? -Yes, we had a good time there.A. Have, gone B. Had, been C. Have, been( ) 2. I _ my grandpa last Sunday. A. have visited B. visited C. was visiting( ) 3. She _ Shanghai for a month. A. has come to B. came to C. has been in( ) 4. Lu Xu

20、n _ more than fifty years ago. A. died B. has died C. has been dead( ) 5. Fanny _ TV at this time last Saturday.A. has watched B. was watching C. watched( ) 6. - Have you _ been to our town before?- No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, have come B. ever, come C. ever, have come參考答案：一、1. Yes, I h

21、ave.2. No, I havent.3. Yes, they have.4. No, she has never been to Tibet. (No, never.)5. I have played piano for two hours.6. Since he was twelve years old.7. They have read six English story books.8. I have visited twelve cities.二、1. amusement 2. Europeans 3. English-speaking4. discovered 5. especi

22、ally6. attendant7. musical8. Neither9. actress10. attract三、1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. CTitleHave you ever been to an amusement park?Topic Fun placesFunctions Talk about past experiencesStructuresPresent perfect tenseSimple past tensePresent progressive as futureTarget languageHave you ever been to

23、an amusement park?No, Ive never been to an amusement park.Yes, I have. I went there last year.Vocabularyspace museum, amusement park, water world，Peru, Hollandtour guide, flight attendantRecyclingzoo, aquarium, hotel, restaurant, Japan, South Americabus, boat, subwayLearning StrategiesUsing contextR

24、ole playingWords and Expressions:(n. 名詞 adj. 形容詞 adv. 副詞 v. 動(dòng)詞 prep. 介詞 )單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義講解與例句amusementn.娛樂；快樂Big cities have many amusements. 大城市有許多娛樂。amusement park 游樂場(chǎng)amuse v.I amuse myself with (by) reading.我以讀書自?shī)省e were amused at the joke.我們覺得這個(gè)笑話真有趣。neitherconj.(兩者)都不；也不Which of the books did you li

25、ke? Neither (of them)! They were both dull. “你喜歡哪本書？”“都不喜歡！兩本都很枯燥。”Neither of us enjoy getting up early.我們倆誰(shuí)也不喜歡早起。Hollandn.荷蘭Have you ever been to Holland? 你去過(guò)荷蘭嗎？old-fashionedadj.老式的；過(guò)時(shí)的These clothes are old-fashioned. 這些衣服過(guò)時(shí)了。Europeanadj.歐洲的；European Economic Community歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體musicaladj.音樂的musical

26、 instruments 樂器wonderfuladj.了不起的After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire.一頓美餐之后,他們就圍著營(yíng)火講故事,唱歌。This village church is a wonderful example of the gothic style of building. 這座鄉(xiāng)村教堂是哥特式建筑風(fēng)格的絕妙典范。especiallyadv.特別地；尤其I love Italy, especially in summer. 我喜歡意大利，尤其是在夏天。This cr

27、own was made especially for the King. 王冠是專為國(guó)王制造的。changev.改變；變化She used to change her dress every day.過(guò)去她常常每天換一次衣服。Nothing will change him, and he will always be the same.什么也改變不了他,他始終是那個(gè)樣子。wayn.方法Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. 壓力是日常生活中不可分割的一部分,無(wú)法逃避。In this

28、way, he has begun his own private telephone service.就這樣,他開始了自己的私人電話業(yè)務(wù)。attendantn.服務(wù)員His younger brother works as an attendant at an amusement park. 他弟弟在一家游樂場(chǎng)當(dāng)服務(wù)員。discoverv.發(fā)覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。Scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible. 科學(xué)家們正在探索這是否可

29、能。guiden.向?qū)t the top of the bank my guide paused and looked back at me.我的向?qū)г诤影渡仙酝Ａ艘幌?，并且回頭看了看我。unitev.聯(lián)合；結(jié)合We are united in what we believe. 我們的信仰一致了。graduatev.畢業(yè)She graduated from an American college. 她從一所美國(guó)的學(xué)院畢業(yè)。He graduated in history. 他畢業(yè)于歷史專業(yè)。Words from the reading:單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義講解與例句choicen.選擇She h

30、ad to make a choice between the two dresses. 她得在兩件衣服中選擇一件。 She is the peoples choice for Prime Minister.她是人民選出來(lái)的首相。recordv.記錄；登記The songs were recorded by the radio company. 這些歌曲是由廣播公司錄下的。attractv.吸引She was attracted by the novel advertisement.她被這新穎的廣告吸引住了。Flowers attract many bees.鮮花招引來(lái)許多蜜蜂。preside

31、ntn.董事長(zhǎng)；主席Many American Presidents served in Congress before they became President. 美國(guó)的許多總統(tǒng)在當(dāng)選為總統(tǒng)前都在國(guó)會(huì)中當(dāng)過(guò)議員。popularityn.聲望；受愛慕enjoy win general popularity享盛名, 受歡迎, 得眾望producev.制造；生產(chǎn)Gas can be produced from coal.煤氣可用煤來(lái)制造。Hard work often produces good results. 努力工作經(jīng)常會(huì)有好結(jié)果。crouchv.蹲伏She crouched by the

32、 fire to get warm. 她蜷縮在火堆旁取暖。hidev.隱藏；躲藏He could not hide his embarrassment.他沒法掩蓋自己的窘態(tài)。Where did you hide the money? 你把錢藏哪兒了？A fox cannot hide its tail. 狐貍尾巴是藏不住的。themen.題目；主題Stamp collecting was the theme of his talk. 集郵是他談話的主題。friendshipn.友誼；友情The boys have had a long friendship. 這些孩子們有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的友誼了。Tr

33、ue friendship is worth more than money.真正的友誼比金錢更有價(jià)值。Sentences and Phrases (句型與詞組)Grammar FocusHave you ever been to an aquarium?Yes, Ive been to an aquarium.No, I havent.No, Ive never been to an aquarium.Ive never been to a water park.Neither have I.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)說(shuō)明至目前為止已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與下列詞語(yǔ)連用

34、：yet, already, by this time, just , ever, never, before, several times, since, up to now, so far, recently, lately, for a long time3have been 表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)，即“曾經(jīng)過(guò)去”。4have gone 表動(dòng)作的完成，表示“已經(jīng)到去了”，因此只可用于第三人稱；在面對(duì)面談話時(shí)，不可用于第一、二人稱。e.g.1Have you ever been anywhere even for a trip? I have been to Long Island.2Mr. Smith

35、 has gone to America, so he is not here.3How long have you been here? Ive been here since three weeks ago.Sentences from the passage (重點(diǎn)句講解) The popularity of Asian stars is growing because westerners find talented stars from different cultures new and exciting.亞洲明星越來(lái)越受歡迎，因?yàn)槲鞣饺耸堪l(fā)現(xiàn)有不同文化背景的藝人很有新意，也很令人

36、振奮。find v. 找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果） look for v. 尋找 （強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）e.g. I looked for my pen everywhere but I didnt find it. 我到處找鋼筆，可是沒找到。find sb./sth. +adj. e.g. I find Russian grammar very difficult. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)俄語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法很難學(xué)。find out 發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭露 e.g. Ive found you out at last. 我終于把你揭露了。Please find out when the ship sails for New York.請(qǐng)打聽一下那

37、艘船什么時(shí)候開往紐約。 Asian films produced outside Hollywood are also doing well in North America. 一些亞洲拍攝的電影在北美也很叫座。produce 的用法：Gas can be produced from coal. 煤氣可用煤來(lái)制造。Hard work often produces good results. 努力工作經(jīng)常會(huì)有好結(jié)果。Georges jokes produced a great deal of laughter. 喬治的笑話引起了哄堂大笑。The wine bottle was marked Pr

38、oduce of Spain.(此處produce當(dāng)名詞使用) 酒瓶標(biāo)明“西班牙產(chǎn)品”。 A common theme in Asian films, for example, is how families and friendships are changed by modern life.例如，亞洲電影的共同主題是：現(xiàn)代生活如何改變家庭和友情。common的用法：Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的國(guó)家雪是常見的。The humorous joke is common property. 這個(gè)幽默笑話大家都知道。The common man in

39、every country is anxious for world peace.每個(gè)國(guó)家的老百姓都渴望世界和平。change 的用法：n. 1) 改變；變化You will see many changes in the village since last year. 你會(huì)看見自去年以來(lái)村里發(fā)生的變化。2）零錢Here is your change. 這是你的找頭。I gave him a pound, and he gave me 20 pence change. 我給了他一英鎊，他找了我20便士的零錢。v. 1) 改變；交換She used to change her dress ev

40、ery day. 過(guò)去她常常每天換一次衣服。Nothing will change him, and he will always be the same.什么也改變不了他,他始終是那個(gè)樣子。3) 兌換錢幣Where can I change my English money for dollars? 我在哪兒可以把英鎊兌換成美鈔?He changed his European dollars for an equivalent amount American dollars.他把歐元換成等值的美元。4) 常用詞組change into 變?yōu)?；使改變The next morning, the

41、water had changed into ice. 第二天早晨水變成了冰。change over （大幅度）改變；完全改變In 1971 Britain changed over from pounds, shillings, and pence to the new decimal money system. 一九七一年英國(guó)把英鎊、先令、便士改為新的十進(jìn)位幣制?！镜?步】過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)*第一單詞關(guān)：完成該單元重點(diǎn)詞匯。序號(hào)漢語(yǔ)意思英語(yǔ)拼寫序號(hào)漢語(yǔ)意思英語(yǔ)拼寫1（二者）都不21秋天2小船22季節(jié)3島；島嶼23醒著的4特別；尤其24自然的；自然界5發(fā)覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)25東南；東南的6外國(guó)的；外來(lái)的26導(dǎo)游

42、7電影27娛樂；消遣8極好的28人物；角色9四分之一；一刻鐘29主題10人口30要求；必要條件11害怕；擔(dān)心31甲板12勇敢的；無(wú)畏的32路線13卓越的；極好的33假日；假期14印度的；印度人的34巡游；巡航15黃昏；黑暗35交換16狐貍36出席者；參加者17環(huán)境37赤道18溫度38類型19無(wú)論如何39有吸引力的人20春天40旅行；狩獵遠(yuǎn)征*第二詞組關(guān)：完成該單元重點(diǎn)詞組。1玩的愉快： 2.結(jié)束： 3.過(guò)山車： 4.在船上： 5.交換生： 6.一年到頭；終年： 7.歡樂時(shí)光娛樂場(chǎng)： 8.全世界： 9.度假： 10.例如： 11離遙遠(yuǎn)： 12.聽說(shuō)： 13.實(shí)際上： 14.遍布： 15.一直： 16.乘坐不同路線： 17.說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家： 18.空中小姐： 19.幫助做： 20.與其到不如： 21.寧愿也不愿： 22.比較喜歡做： 23.聽力技巧： 24.曾今去過(guò)： 25.東南亞： 26.一方面： 27.另一方面： 28.3/4的人口： 29.做有困難： 30.在白天： 附加：寫出下面不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。序號(hào)動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去分詞序號(hào)動(dòng)詞原形