科技英語中長句的翻譯方法

1、本文對(duì)應(yīng)科技英語中長句的翻譯方法PPT文件:例 1 Those functions that describe how a computer software reacts to mechanical design,called application functions,are more often important to the engineer in engineering applications such as analysis, calculation, and simulation in connection with mechanical design because he

2、wishes to know how they will work in use to which he wants to apply them.關(guān)于句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析:分析:通讀全句,我們初步了解到這句話是講關(guān)于工程師了解計(jì)算機(jī)軟件功能的重要性方面的。全句共有六個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞: descriSe,reacts to,are,wishes to know,will work和wants to apply,其主語分別為: that(代functions , computer software,functions,he(代the engineer,they(代functions和he。其中,functio

3、ns句前沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞,是主句,其余為從句,即一主五從。另外,important后邊分別由to ,in ,in引出三個(gè)介詞短語在主句中做狀語。Called過去分詞短語并非就近修飾mechanical design或computer software,而是隔位修飾functions。主句是由主語(functions+系動(dòng)詞(are+表語(important構(gòu)成的。主語由that定語從句修飾,其中含有how賓語從句。連詞because引出原因狀語從句,修飾主句,其中又含有由how引出的賓語從句,從句中的賓語又為to which定語從句所修飾。整個(gè)句子分兩層意思:第一層意思也是中心內(nèi)容,講的是計(jì)算機(jī)軟件

4、的功能在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中(進(jìn)行分析、計(jì)算和模擬對(duì)工程師很重要。第二層意思也是次層意思,和第一層意思是從屬關(guān)系,它解釋為什么計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的功能在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)工程師很重要。參考譯文:描述計(jì)算機(jī)軟件如何適應(yīng)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的軟件功能(被稱為軟件的應(yīng)用功能對(duì)從事諸如機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的分析、計(jì)算和模擬仿真工作的工程師來說是很重要的,因?yàn)樗Ｍ私膺@些軟件功能在他所從事的工作中是如何工作的。例2 Only by studying such cases of human intelligence with all the details and by comparing the results of exact investiga

5、tion with the solutions of AI(Artificial Intelligence usually given in the elementary books on computer science can a computer engineer acquire a thorough understanding of theory and method in AI, develop intelligent computer programs that work in a human like way,and apply them to solving mo re com

6、plex and difficult problems that present computer cant.分析:本句為復(fù)合句,一主一從。主句有一個(gè)主語,三個(gè)并列謂語。句子以“Only+狀語”開頭,主句主、謂語部分倒裝,主語a computer engineer處于謂語之間,形成can a computer engineer acquire , develop and apply這樣一種語序。過去分詞given引導(dǎo)的短語做后置定語,修飾前邊的solutions of Al ( artificial intelli ge nce。另外,長狀語only . computer science修飾主

7、句謂語can acquire , develop and apply toThat引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)后置定語從句,修飾more complex and difficult problems.翻譯: 一般來說,漢譯時(shí)要突出長句中的主句部分,將其譯在前。但本句是+ Only+狀語”開頭,作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語部分,另外,副詞only可轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語,使" Only+狀語”轉(zhuǎn)為漢語條件偏正復(fù)句中的偏句,條件偏句前置。因此,將強(qiáng)調(diào)部分譯在前為好,然后再譯主句部分。從全句看,英語復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為漢語條件偏正復(fù)句,關(guān)聯(lián)詞語為“只有才能。此句采用順譯法,譯為:只有很詳細(xì)地研究這些人類智能情況,并把實(shí)際研究得出

8、的結(jié)果與基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)書上給出的人工智能結(jié)論相比較,計(jì)算機(jī)工程師才能徹底地了解人工智能的理論和方法,開發(fā)出具有人類智能的計(jì)算機(jī)程序,并將其用于解決目前計(jì)算機(jī)不能解決的更復(fù)雜和更難的問題。例3 More particularly,this invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a film of metal oxides continuously on the surface of ribbon glass by spring thereon a solution of metal compounds at a point

9、 in the neighborhood of the inlet to a lehr or the inside thereof when the ribbon glass is being conveyed to the lehr after it has been formed from molten glass.分析:通讀一遍全句,得知本句講的是有關(guān)用于給帶玻璃噴涂一層金屬氧化膜的一種方法和裝置。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,主句為:this invention(主語relates to(謂語a method and apparatus(賓語。Fo:引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)介詞短語作狀語,表達(dá)a method a

10、nd apparatus的用途,by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作狀語,表達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一用途的方式。在卜引導(dǎo)的介詞短語中,又出現(xiàn)了when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句修飾spraying和afte r引出的時(shí)間狀語從句修飾is being conveyed.翻譯:在該句中,介詞by以前是第一層意思,講的是該發(fā)明所涉及的內(nèi)容,在by以后是第二層意思,講的是實(shí)施該發(fā)明內(nèi)容的操作方法。從翻譯方法來看,第一層意思的語序與漢語的相同,故采用順譯法;第二層意思從其內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系和專業(yè)知識(shí)來看,afte:引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的動(dòng)作在先,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的動(dòng)作在后,spray這個(gè)動(dòng)作嚴(yán)格地說從時(shí)間上還要滯后一點(diǎn)兒。所以,原文語序與漢語的

11、完全相反,故采用逆譯法。所以,整個(gè)句子的翻譯有順譯有逆譯,屬綜合譯法。整句翻譯為:更具體地說,本發(fā)明涉及在帶玻璃表面上連續(xù)地噴涂一層金屬氧化膜的一種方法和裝置。當(dāng)玻璃由液態(tài)成型為帶玻璃后,在其被送往退火窯時(shí),從退火窯入口附近或入口里將金屬化合物溶液噴到玻璃表面上。例4 On the other hand,the detained decomposition gas might become the cause of reducing the purity of the metal oxide coating adhered to the ribbon glass in the case the

12、 aforementioned decomposition gas is not thoroughly removed from the spraying locale.分析:通讀一遍全句,得知這句話是講如果在噴射處分解氣體沒有被徹底地消除的話,會(huì)對(duì)帶玻璃表面上的金屬氧化膜帶來什么影響。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,主句為:主語(the detained decomposition gas+系詞(might become+表語(the cause of reducing . ribbon glass結(jié)構(gòu)。case后邊為省略了that的同位語從句,修飾case o in the cas。為介詞短語,在這里表示

13、條件,意思為“在一的情況下。翻譯:該句有兩層意思,in the case以前為第一層意思,表示可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果; in the case 以后為第二層意思,表示產(chǎn)生結(jié)果的前提條件。按照漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣應(yīng)是條件在先,結(jié)果在后。所以,該句翻譯采用逆譯法。譯為:從另一方面來說,如果上面提到的分解氣體在噴射處沒有被徹底地清除掉的話,那么,留下來的分解氣體就會(huì)使粘附在帶玻璃表面上的金屬氧化膜的純度降低?？萍加⒄Z長句翻譯中應(yīng)注意的問題在進(jìn)行句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析時(shí),除了借助于語法之外,還要根據(jù)專業(yè)知識(shí)來弄清各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系,以確定原文的真正含義。有時(shí),我們發(fā)現(xiàn),有些句子翻譯出來后,語法上沒錯(cuò)誤,可譯文卻語義不通。

14、比如說例1中的calledmechanical properties短語從語法上看,它可以理解為是修飾computer software或mechanical design的,但從專業(yè)知識(shí)上看,語義不合邏輯。在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,接著就要確定關(guān)聯(lián)詞(連詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的基本詞義,有時(shí)一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞有好幾個(gè)詞義,一定要根據(jù)上、下文和專業(yè)知識(shí)來準(zhǔn)確地確定關(guān)聯(lián)詞的詞義,這是長句翻譯準(zhǔn)確的關(guān)鍵。翻譯方法并不是固定的,翻譯中不可拘泥不變。任何一個(gè)長句,只要弄清語法關(guān)系的眉目,看透技術(shù)上的來龍去脈,就可以適當(dāng)變動(dòng)原文結(jié)構(gòu),靈活處理。如果對(duì)翻譯的內(nèi)容不熟悉,一定要翻閱有關(guān)這個(gè)內(nèi)容方面的資料或書籍,做到起

15、碼對(duì)這方面的專業(yè)知識(shí)有一個(gè)大概的了解。切忌不懂專業(yè)知識(shí),只靠查字典硬翻譯。在漢語表達(dá)上應(yīng)力求文字嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),避免層次不清,表達(dá)混亂,語言文字拖泥帶水。同時(shí),也一定要避免歪曲原文的精神實(shí)質(zhì)。例 1 Those functions that describe how a computer software reacts to mechanical design,called application functions,are more often important to the engineer in engineering applications such as analysis, calcula

16、tion, and simulation in connection with mechanical design because he wishes to know how they will work in use to which he wants to apply them.例2 Only by studying such cases of human intelligence with all the details and by comparing the results of exact investigation with the solutions of AI(Artific

17、ial Intelligence usually given in the elementary books on computer science can a computer engineer acquire a thorough understanding of theory and method in AI, develop intelligent computer programs that work in a human like way,and apply them to solving more complex and difficult problems that prese

18、nt computer cant.例3 More particularly,this invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a film of metal oxides continuously on the surface of ribbon glass by spring thereon a solution of metal compounds at a point in the neighborhood of the inlet to a lehr or the inside thereof when the ribbon glass is being conveyed to the lehr after it h