一般將來(lái)時(shí)及定句

1、般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)am/is/are/going to + do和will/shall + do1）shall 用于第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，如：shall i, shall we,常被 will 所代替，二者都可以縮寫(xiě)成II。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱(chēng)，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱(chēng)。Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening?2）be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示將來(lái)。a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 計(jì)劃，安排要

2、發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month 。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。 Look at the dark clouds，there is going to be a storm.3）be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4）be able to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is able to leave for Beijing.注意： be able to 不能與 tomorrow，next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1一般

3、將來(lái)時(shí)的基本概念一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞 shall （第一人稱(chēng)），will （第二、三人稱(chēng)）+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)則不管什么人稱(chēng)，一律用will。2一般將來(lái)時(shí)的形式will 常簡(jiǎn)略為ll，并與主語(yǔ)連寫(xiě)在一起，如：Ill，hell，itll，well，youll，theyll。般疑問(wèn)句如用 will you？其簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)須是 Yes，I will 或 No，I will not ;如用 Shall you ?（較 少見(jiàn)）其簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)須是Yes， I shall 或 No， I shall not3一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法1 ）表示將來(lái)

4、的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)常與一些表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：tomorrow （明天）， next week （下周），from now on （從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始）；in the future （將來(lái)）等。2）表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。4一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其他用法一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 其表達(dá)形式除了 “sha（ll 第一人稱(chēng)） ， will （第二、 三人稱(chēng)） +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成 ”外，還有以下幾種形式。1） “be going to 動(dòng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。例如：It is going to rain. 要下雨了。We are going to have a meetin

5、g today.今天我們開(kāi)會(huì)。2） go， come， start， move， sail， leave， arrive， stay， live，fly，等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作，例如： Im leaving for Beijing.3） “be to 動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如：Are we to go on with this work? 我們繼續(xù)干嗎？The boy is to go to school tomorrow.4） “be about to 動(dòng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：We are abo

6、ut to leave 我們馬上就走。5）某些詞，如 come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay ， live，fly 等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)。The meeting starts at five oclock.會(huì)議五點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。 He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車(chē)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的五種表達(dá)方法一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常常 與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。常用的表達(dá)形式共有五種，現(xiàn)歸納如下：一、用 will 或 shall 表示。助動(dòng)詞 will 或 shal 1 +動(dòng)

7、詞原形這一形式，表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情，用于征求 對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)。在口語(yǔ)中will 用于所有人稱(chēng)，書(shū)面語(yǔ)中第一人稱(chēng)常用shall。如：1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 2. The rain will stop soon.3. Shall we go there at five?二、用 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示?！癰e going七併動(dòng)詞原形用來(lái)表示近期或事先考慮過(guò)的將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作以 及已有跡象表明必將發(fā)生某事，意為 “打算；就要 ”。如：1. Were going to meet outside the school gate. 2. Look! Its

8、 going to rain.三、 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive 等），可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示將來(lái)時(shí)。如：1. Uncle Wang is coming. 2. Theyre leaving for Beijing.四、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。根據(jù)規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，都可用一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。如：1.The new term starts （begins） on August 29th.2.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go out for a pi

9、cnic.五、用“beb 動(dòng)詞不定式或用“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：1. He is to visit Japan next year.2. Theyre about to leave. （=Theyre leaving.）一、填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I _ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.3.你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go sh

10、opping this _ ?Yes, she _ . She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。What time _ you _ _ meet?二、改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will

11、 meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30?9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.（同上）_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow?三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。11. To

12、day is a sunny day. We _ （have） a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ （go） to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _ （go） to school on foot. But today is raining.He _ （go） to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?15. Its Friday today. What _

13、 she_ (do) this weekend?She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16. What _ (do) you do last Sunday?I _ (pick) apples on a farm.What _ (do) next Sunday?I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show ne

14、xt Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my study now.初中定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)一、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格 whom,所有格 whose)和關(guān)系副詞 where, when、why* 關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用： 1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句* 1.who 指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.* 2. whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從

15、句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用 who 代替，可省略。(2) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend.* 3. which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語(yǔ) )(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yester

16、day. ( which 在句子中做賓語(yǔ) )* 4. that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who 或者 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ) 時(shí)可省略。(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. ( 在句子中做主語(yǔ) )(2) Where is the man (that/whom )I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語(yǔ) )* 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(

17、2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.* 具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問(wèn)題：1、只能使用 that，不用 which 的情況：* 1 ) 當(dāng)先行詞是： all , any , anything , everything , nothing 或被它們修飾時(shí)。 I

18、s there anything that I can do for you ?有什么可以為你做的嗎？All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必須做。* 2 )當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。例如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop .The first thing that we should do is to get some food .* 3 )當(dāng)先行詞有： the only , the very , the same , th

19、e last 等修飾時(shí)。例如：My necklace is not the only thing thats missing .* 4 )當(dāng)主句以 who 或 which 開(kāi)頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞用 that ,不用 which 或 who ，以避免重復(fù)。例如： Who is thegirl that is wearing a red coat ?* 5 )當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，用 that 。The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .2、只用 which 不用 that 的

20、情況：* 1) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)； e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2) 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中；作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday./He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3) 先行詞本身是 that 時(shí)； e.g. The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和

21、先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從 句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year./ There is somebody here who wants to speak to you * 4)which 還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概 念。在這種從句中， which 可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與 and this 相似，并可以 指人。He did very well in the competition, which made

22、 his parents very happy.* 關(guān)系代詞 whom ， which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，有 時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書(shū)寫(xiě)，而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像 listen to, look at, take care of 等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞， 在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞

23、分開(kāi)。 例如： This is the boywhom she has taken care of.三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句* 1 、 when ：當(dāng)主句中的先行詞 (即主句中被后面定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞 )是表示時(shí)間意義的名詞時(shí)，它只能作定 語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 放在定語(yǔ)從句句首。 如果定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是作該定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)， 則要改用 關(guān)系代詞 that 或 which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：I ll never forget the mtie when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.Ill nev

24、er forget the day when I was born. (=Ill never forget my birthday.) 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我出生的日子。It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold. 這事發(fā)生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月。The day （that） I always remember in all my life is my birthday. 我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日。 （that 作定 語(yǔ)從句 that I always remember in all my life 的賓語(yǔ)， that 可

25、以省略 ）* 2、where：當(dāng)主句中的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)意義的名詞時(shí)，它只能作其所在的定語(yǔ)從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，放在定語(yǔ)從句的句首。如果定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞作該定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要改用關(guān)系代詞that 或 which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where （ = in which） I lived last year.Lets look for a place where we can swim. That is the factory （that） t

26、hey visited last month.*注意：不要以為在時(shí)間名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞when,在地點(diǎn)名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞where,在表示原因的 the reason 后就一定用關(guān)系副詞 why。到底選用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)鍵是看它們?cè)趶木渲惺怯米鳡钫Z(yǔ) （用關(guān)系副詞 ）還是用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) （用關(guān)系代詞 ）。如：Dori t forget the time （that） I ve told y 用作;thatl 的賓語(yǔ)）I ll never forget the days when I worked with you. （when 用作狀語(yǔ)）He works in a factory

27、 that /which makes radio parts. （that/ which 在從句中用作主語(yǔ)，且不能省略 ）He works in the factory where his father worked. where 作狀語(yǔ) ）That s the reason （that /which ） he explained to us. （tha 或 which 在從句中用作 explained 的賓語(yǔ)）That s the reason why she left hometE 就是她離家出走的原因。 （why 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）* 英語(yǔ)中的關(guān)系副詞主要是when, where, why

28、 三個(gè)，不要想當(dāng)然地將 how 用作關(guān)系副詞修飾 the way。如不說(shuō) This is the way how he spoke，可改為 This is how he spoke（how 引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句），當(dāng)然也可說(shuō)成 This is the way （that/ in which） he spoke.（ 其中的 that/ in which 可省略 ）*另外，when 和 where 可引導(dǎo)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而 why 則只用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.H

29、e took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.*在定語(yǔ)從句的使用中，one of 后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，這個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞制約后面的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用復(fù) 數(shù)；而在 oneof 前面有 the 或 the only 時(shí)，后面引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。He is the only one of the students who is elected? Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident .定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)一、選擇題1The p

30、lace _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which3. This is the hotel _ last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D

31、. on which5. That is the day _ Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6._The factorywell visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which8._This is one of the best films.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this ye

32、ar D. that you talked9._ Can you lend me the bookthe other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10._ The penhe is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11._ They arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat asmall boy.A. who

33、m B. who C. which D. that12._ The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _ you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.

34、I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16._ He isnt such a manhe used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17._He is good at English,we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18._ Li Ming, to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went

35、C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1. I still remember the night _ I first came to the hous

36、e.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still rememb

37、er the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_ is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _ lies the West Lake?家庭作業(yè)一、選擇題（ ） 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B

38、. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be（ ） 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. won（ ） 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be（ ） 4. There _ a dolphin show in the

39、zoo tomorrow evening.A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be（）5. -_ you_free tomorrow?-No. I_ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be（ ） 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. w

40、ill gives B. will give C. gives D. give（ ） 7.-Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?-_.（不，不要。 ）A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please don se.t. D. No, plea（ ） 8.-Where is the morning paper?-I _ if for you at once.A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get二、動(dòng)詞填空。1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（fin

41、ish）all my work before I _（leave）2.How long _ you _（study）in our country?I _（plan）to be here for about one more year.I _（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.What _ you _（do）after you _（leave）here?I _（return）home and _（get）a job.3. I _（be）tired. I _（go）to bed early tonight.4. Marys birthday

42、 is next Monday, her mother _（_give）her a present.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. People in the north often go skating in winter.（next winter）2. There are two cinemas in that town.（next year）3. He comes back late.（in two days）4. She is a conductor of a train.（soon）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題21._ The letter is from my sister,is working in Be

43、ijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are women.t workA. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _ Ive ever met _ could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _ I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its titl

44、e C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _ Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28._The wayhe looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29._This is the reasonhe didnt c