一般將來時及定句

1、般將來時一般將來時am/is/are/going to + do和will/shall + do1）shall 用于第一人稱單數(shù)，如：shall i, shall we,常被 will 所代替，二者都可以縮寫成II。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening?2）be going to + 動詞原形，表示將來。a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 計劃，安排要

2、發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month 。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。 Look at the dark clouds，there is going to be a storm.3）be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4）be able to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is able to leave for Beijing.注意： be able to 不能與 tomorrow，next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。1一般

3、將來時的基本概念一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。一般將來時由助動詞 shall （第一人稱），will （第二、三人稱）+動詞原形構(gòu)成。美國英語則不管什么人稱，一律用will。2一般將來時的形式will 常簡略為ll，并與主語連寫在一起，如：Ill，hell，itll，well，youll，theyll。般疑問句如用 will you？其簡略答語須是 Yes，I will 或 No，I will not ;如用 Shall you ?（較 少見）其簡略答語須是Yes， I shall 或 No， I shall not3一般將來時的用法1 ）表示將來

4、的動作或狀態(tài)一般將來時常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow （明天）， next week （下周），from now on （從現(xiàn)在開始）；in the future （將來）等。2）表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。4一般將來時的其他用法一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)， 其表達形式除了 “sha（ll 第一人稱） ， will （第二、 三人稱） +動詞原形構(gòu)成 ”外，還有以下幾種形式。1） “be going to 動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進行的事。例如：It is going to rain. 要下雨了。We are going to have a meetin

5、g today.今天我們開會。2） go， come， start， move， sail， leave， arrive， stay， live，fly，等可用進行時態(tài)表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的 動作，例如： Im leaving for Beijing.3） “be to 動詞原形”表示按計劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對方意見。例如：Are we to go on with this work? 我們繼續(xù)干嗎？The boy is to go to school tomorrow.4） “be about to 動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時間狀語。例如：We are abo

6、ut to leave 我們馬上就走。5）某些詞，如 come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay ， live，fly 等的一般現(xiàn)在時也可表示將來。The meeting starts at five oclock.會議五點開始。 He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車。一般將來時的五種表達方法一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作。常常 與表示將來的時間狀語連用。常用的表達形式共有五種，現(xiàn)歸納如下：一、用 will 或 shall 表示。助動詞 will 或 shal 1 +動

7、詞原形這一形式，表示將來發(fā)生的事情，用于征求 對方的意見或表示客氣的邀請。在口語中will 用于所有人稱，書面語中第一人稱常用shall。如：1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 2. The rain will stop soon.3. Shall we go there at five?二、用 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示。“be going七併動詞原形用來表示近期或事先考慮過的將要發(fā)生的動作以 及已有跡象表明必將發(fā)生某事，意為 “打算；就要 ”。如：1. Were going to meet outside the school gate. 2. Look! Its

8、 going to rain.三、 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示。表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive 等），可用現(xiàn)在進行時 表示將來時。如：1. Uncle Wang is coming. 2. Theyre leaving for Beijing.四、用一般現(xiàn)在時表示。根據(jù)規(guī)定或時間表預計要發(fā)生的動作，在時間和條件狀語從句中，都可用一 般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。如：1.The new term starts （begins） on August 29th.2.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go out for a pi

9、cnic.五、用“beb 動詞不定式或用“be about to+動詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：1. He is to visit Japan next year.2. Theyre about to leave. （=Theyre leaving.）一、填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I _ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下個星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.3.你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go sh

10、opping this _ ?Yes, she _ . She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你們打算什么時候見面。What time _ you _ _ meet?二、改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will

11、 meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30?9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對劃線部分提問）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.（同上）_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow?三、用所給詞的適當形式填空。11. To

12、day is a sunny day. We _ （have） a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ （go） to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _ （go） to school on foot. But today is raining.He _ （go） to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?15. Its Friday today. What _

13、 she_ (do) this weekend?She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16. What _ (do) you do last Sunday?I _ (pick) apples on a farm.What _ (do) next Sunday?I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show ne

14、xt Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my study now.初中定語從句講解及練習一、定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。引導定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格 whom,所有格 whose)和關(guān)系副詞 where, when、why* 關(guān)系詞常有三個作用： 1、引導定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句* 1.who 指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.* 2. whom 指人，在定語從

15、句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語和非正式語體中常用 who 代替，可省略。(2) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend.* 3. which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語 )(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yester

16、day. ( which 在句子中做賓語 )* 4. that 指人時，相當于 who 或者 whom；指物時，相當于 which，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語 時可省略。(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. ( 在句子中做主語 )(2) Where is the man (that/whom )I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語 )* 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(

17、2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.* 具體使用時還要注意下列問題：1、只能使用 that，不用 which 的情況：* 1 ) 當先行詞是： all , any , anything , everything , nothing 或被它們修飾時。 I

18、s there anything that I can do for you ?有什么可以為你做的嗎？All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必須做。* 2 )當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。例如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop .The first thing that we should do is to get some food .* 3 )當先行詞有： the only , the very , the same , th

19、e last 等修飾時。例如：My necklace is not the only thing thats missing .* 4 )當主句以 who 或 which 開頭時，定語從句中引導詞用 that ,不用 which 或 who ，以避免重復。例如： Who is thegirl that is wearing a red coat ?* 5 )當先行詞既有人又有物時，用 that 。The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .2、只用 which 不用 that 的

20、情況：* 1) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時； e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2) 非限定性定語從句中；作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday./He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3) 先行詞本身是 that 時； e.g. The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導詞和

21、先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從 句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year./ There is somebody here who wants to speak to you * 4)which 還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概 念。在這種從句中， which 可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與 and this 相似，并可以 指人。He did very well in the competition, which made

22、 his parents very happy.* 關(guān)系代詞 whom ， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有 時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像 listen to, look at, take care of 等固定短語動詞， 在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞

23、分開。 例如： This is the boywhom she has taken care of.三、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句* 1 、 when ：當主句中的先行詞 (即主句中被后面定語從句修飾的詞 )是表示時間意義的名詞時，它只能作定 語從句的時間狀語， 放在定語從句句首。 如果定語從句的引導詞是作該定語從句的主語或賓語， 則要改用 關(guān)系代詞 that 或 which來引導。例如：I ll never forget the mtie when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.Ill nev

24、er forget the day when I was born. (=Ill never forget my birthday.) 我永遠不會忘記我出生的日子。It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold. 這事發(fā)生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月。The day （that） I always remember in all my life is my birthday. 我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日。 （that 作定 語從句 that I always remember in all my life 的賓語， that 可

25、以省略 ）* 2、where：當主句中的先行詞是表示地點意義的名詞時，它只能作其所在的定語從句的地點狀語，放在定語從句的句首。如果定語從句的引導詞作該定語從句的主語或賓語時，也要改用關(guān)系代詞that 或 which來引導。例如：The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where （ = in which） I lived last year.Lets look for a place where we can swim. That is the factory （that） t

26、hey visited last month.*注意：不要以為在時間名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞when,在地點名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞where,在表示原因的 the reason 后就一定用關(guān)系副詞 why。到底選用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)鍵是看它們在從句中是用作狀語 （用關(guān)系副詞 ）還是用作主語或賓語 （用關(guān)系代詞 ）。如：Dori t forget the time （that） I ve told y 用作;thatl 的賓語）I ll never forget the days when I worked with you. （when 用作狀語）He works in a factory

27、 that /which makes radio parts. （that/ which 在從句中用作主語，且不能省略 ）He works in the factory where his father worked. where 作狀語 ）That s the reason （that /which ） he explained to us. （tha 或 which 在從句中用作 explained 的賓語）That s the reason why she left hometE 就是她離家出走的原因。 （why 在從句中作狀語）* 英語中的關(guān)系副詞主要是when, where, why

28、 三個，不要想當然地將 how 用作關(guān)系副詞修飾 the way。如不說 This is the way how he spoke，可改為 This is how he spoke（how 引導的是表語從句），當然也可說成 This is the way （that/ in which） he spoke.（ 其中的 that/ in which 可省略 ）*另外，when 和 where 可引導限制性和非限制性定語從句，而 why 則只用于引導限制性定語從句，不用于引導非限制性定語從句。Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.H

29、e took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.*在定語從句的使用中，one of 后面的名詞是復數(shù)，這個復數(shù)名詞制約后面的定語從句的謂語動詞，用復 數(shù)；而在 oneof 前面有 the 或 the only 時，后面引導的定語從句中的謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式。He is the only one of the students who is elected? Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident .定語從句練習一、選擇題1The p

30、lace _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which3. This is the hotel _ last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D

31、. on which5. That is the day _ Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6._The factorywell visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which8._This is one of the best films.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this ye

32、ar D. that you talked9._ Can you lend me the bookthe other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10._ The penhe is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11._ They arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat asmall boy.A. who

33、m B. who C. which D. that12._ The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _ you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.

34、I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16._ He isnt such a manhe used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17._He is good at English,we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18._ Li Ming, to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went

35、C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1. I still remember the night _ I first came to the hous

36、e.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still rememb

37、er the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_ is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _ lies the West Lake?家庭作業(yè)一、選擇題（ ） 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B

38、. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be（ ） 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. won（ ） 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be（ ） 4. There _ a dolphin show in the

39、zoo tomorrow evening.A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be（）5. -_ you_free tomorrow?-No. I_ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be（ ） 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. w

40、ill gives B. will give C. gives D. give（ ） 7.-Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?-_.（不，不要。 ）A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please don se.t. D. No, plea（ ） 8.-Where is the morning paper?-I _ if for you at once.A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get二、動詞填空。1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（fin

41、ish）all my work before I _（leave）2.How long _ you _（study）in our country?I _（plan）to be here for about one more year.I _（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.What _ you _（do）after you _（leave）here?I _（return）home and _（get）a job.3. I _（be）tired. I _（go）to bed early tonight.4. Marys birthday

42、 is next Monday, her mother _（_give）her a present.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. People in the north often go skating in winter.（next winter）2. There are two cinemas in that town.（next year）3. He comes back late.（in two days）4. She is a conductor of a train.（soon）一、單項選擇題21._ The letter is from my sister,is working in Be

43、ijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are women.t workA. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _ Ive ever met _ could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _ I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its titl

44、e C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _ Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28._The wayhe looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29._This is the reasonhe didnt c