經(jīng)濟政治文化術(shù)語

1、經(jīng)濟類1 增收節(jié)支Increase revenue and cut government 2 保持雙邊貿(mào)易的平衡Balance the two-way trade 3 方便的付款方式a convenient method of payment 4 打破地區(qū)封鎖和待業(yè)壟斷Break regional blockades and trade monopolies 5 通貨貶值/升值Currency depreciation/appreciation 6 盈利能力Earning capability 7 經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)Economic indicators 8 經(jīng)濟總量 economic aggregat

2、e9 新興市場經(jīng)濟 emerging market economy10. 經(jīng)營效率 efficiency in operation11. 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟 economy of scale12. 經(jīng)濟實力 economic strength13. 經(jīng)濟手段 economic measure14. 經(jīng)濟增長點 economic growth point15. 經(jīng)濟效益 economic efficiency16. 工農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值 gross output value of industry and agriculture17. 宏觀調(diào)控 macro-economic control18. 固定資產(chǎn)投資 i

3、nvestment in fixed asset19. 無形貿(mào)易 invisible trade20. 海外投資 outbound/overseas investment21. 市場調(diào)節(jié) market regulation22. 負增長 negative growth23. 市場需求價格 market demand price24. 凈值收益率 income to net worth ratio25. 經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展 steady and rapid economic development26. 經(jīng)濟繁榮和社會進步 economic prosperity and social progre

4、ss政府管理1 西部大開發(fā) the strategy of developing the western region2 再就業(yè)下崗人員 re-employment of laid-off workers3 解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力 release and develop productive forces4 城鎮(zhèn)社會保障體系 urban social security system5 城鎮(zhèn)住房制度改革 reform of the urban housing system6 促進社會和諧穩(wěn)定 promote social harmony and stability7 打擊取締非法收入 crack do

5、wn on and ban illegal income8 服從全局，服務(wù)全局 be subordinate to and serve the overall interests of the country9 肝膽相照，榮辱與共 treat each other with sincerity and share weal and woe10. 公共服務(wù)和社會管理 public services and administration11合理的收入分配制度 rational income distribution system12和衷共濟，團結(jié)奮斗 concerted and strenuous

6、 efforts13社會主義法治國家 socialist country under the rule of law14日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需求 growing material and culture needs15依法行政，公正嚴明的政府 a government that respects legal system and rules strictly and impartially16依法治國 run the country according to law17食品藥品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管 oversight and supervision of food and drug quality18推進事

7、業(yè)單位改革 push forward the reform of institution19維護社會公平正義 safeguard social fairness and justice 20中華民族的無疆大愛 boundless love of the Chinese nation21和.持相同觀點 share views similar22政府促進就業(yè)的責(zé)任 responsibility of the government for stimulating employment23三個代表重要思想 the important thought of Three Represent24對人民高度負

8、責(zé)的態(tài)度 maintain a high sense of responsibility to people25扭轉(zhuǎn)收入差距擴大的趨勢 reverse the widening income gap26以人為本 put people first27與時俱進 advance with the times28社會主義制度的無比優(yōu)越 incomparable superiority of the socialist system29科學(xué)發(fā)展觀 scientific outlook on development社會現(xiàn)象類1 為.樹立榜樣 set example for2 引起了警惕和重視 cause

9、alarm and attention3 確保執(zhí)行 ensure implementing activities4 人民生活水平的顯著提高穩(wěn)步增長 the remarkable improvement/steady growth of peoples living standard5 有爭議的問題 a controversial issue6 完全不同的觀點 a totally different argument7 發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in8 考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account

10、/consideration9 就.達到絕對的一致 reach an absolute consensus on10. 熱烈的討論/爭論 a heated discussion/debate11. 社會發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果 the inevitable result of social development12. 引起了廣泛的公眾關(guān)注 arouse wide public concern/draw public attention13. 就達成絕對的一致 reach an absolute consensus on14. 有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

11、15. 不可否認 it is undeniably that./there is no denying that16. 利遠遠大于弊 the advantage far outweigh the disadvantage17. 導(dǎo)致，引起 lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in18. 復(fù)雜的社會現(xiàn)象 a complicated social phenomenon文化類1 舉行每年一次的學(xué)術(shù)會議 hold an annual academic meeting2 尊重知識，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect com

12、petent peop3 向世界展示中國文化 introduce chinas achievements of culture advancement to the world4 加強文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè) build more cultural establishment5 提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized life style（way）of life6 不注重歷史 neglect history7 推動人類文明的進步 push forward human civilization8 有力地推動教育的發(fā)展 give a big push to the development

13、 of educa9 承前啟后，繼往開來 build on the past and prepare for the future，inherit the past and usher in the future10. 物質(zhì)文明，精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to the material progress and cultural progress經(jīng)濟行業(yè)術(shù)語經(jīng)濟指標(biāo) economic indicators社會總產(chǎn)值 total product of society國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP (Gross National Product)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP (Gros

14、s Domestic Product)人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP per capita工農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值 gross output value of industry and agriculture國民收入 national income購買力平價法 purchasing power parity財政收入 state revenue社會商品零售總額 total volume of retail sales社會零售物價總指數(shù) general retail price index百分點 percentage points消費者物價指數(shù)(Consumer Price Index)，英文縮寫為CPI"

15、;八五"計劃 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development計劃經(jīng)濟 planned economy統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市場經(jīng)濟 market economy指令性計劃 mandatory plan指導(dǎo)性計劃 guidance plan市場調(diào)節(jié) market regulation建立市場經(jīng)濟、法制、民主監(jiān)督和廉政"三個機制" establish operational mechanisms of mark

16、et economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好農(nóng)業(yè)、交通能源、教育科技"三個基礎(chǔ)" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生態(tài)環(huán)境和人口素質(zhì)"三個優(yōu)化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment

17、and the quality of population第一、二、三產(chǎn)業(yè) primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型經(jīng)濟 export-oriented economy創(chuàng)匯型企業(yè) foreign exchange-earning enterprise勞動密集型 labor intensive技術(shù)、智力、資本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value優(yōu)化資源配置 optimize alloca

18、tion of resources生產(chǎn)力 productive forces生產(chǎn)資料 capital goods科研成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化 industrialization of research findings火炬計劃 Torch Plan技術(shù)入股 technology appraised as capital stock風(fēng)險投資 venture investment/capital固定資產(chǎn)投資 investment in fixed assets折舊費 depreciation cost關(guān)系民生的產(chǎn)品 products vital to the people's livelihood供大于

19、求 oversupply供不應(yīng)求 short supply經(jīng)濟過熱 overheated economy抑制炒房地產(chǎn)熱 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏觀調(diào)控 macro-economic control經(jīng)濟杠桿 economic levers產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 industrial policy財政, 稅收, 信貸，利率, 匯率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高經(jīng)濟效益 enhance economic perfo

20、rmance/returns社會效益 social effect/returns實現(xiàn)持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、協(xié)調(diào)的發(fā)展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development財政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)外貿(mào)出口總額 gross foreign export value外商直接投資協(xié)議金額 contracted foreign direct investment實際利用外資 foreign investment in actual use三資企業(yè)(中外合資合作、外商獨資經(jīng)營) three kinds of en

21、terprises with foreign investment: Sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture允許外商獨資經(jīng)營 allow full foreign equity operation優(yōu)惠條件 confessional terms; favorable terms減免稅收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation出資方式 means of contributing investment合營期限 contract term of a joint

22、 venture三來一補 (來料加工,來件裝配,來樣加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)貿(mào)易伙伴 trade partner轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易 transit trade外貿(mào)順差 foreign trade surplus積極引進外來資金、技術(shù)、人才和管理經(jīng)驗 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial

23、 expertise form outside交鑰匙工程 turn-key project招標(biāo)承包制 bidding invitation contract system招標(biāo)出售技術(shù) bids for technology公開招標(biāo) call for bid; tenders招標(biāo)單 invitation for bid (IFB)標(biāo)書 bidding document竟標(biāo) competitive bidding投標(biāo) bid for a project投標(biāo)報價書 bid proposals評標(biāo) bid proposal evaluation開標(biāo) bid opening中標(biāo) win a bid; b

24、e awarded a tender拍賣 auction租賃 leasing保稅區(qū) bonded area; free trade area實行全方位開放 practice multi-directional opening統(tǒng)一政策、放開經(jīng)營、平等競爭、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自負盈虧、工貿(mào)結(jié)合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign tra

25、de, and the promotion of agent system知識產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property rights技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向書 letter of intent投資環(huán)境 investment environment跨國公司 transnational cooperation基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 infrastructure20年基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years發(fā)揮技術(shù)窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a med

26、ium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商項目 project proposals for investment同國際慣例接軌 follow the international codes of practice; bring in line with the international usage加大改革力度 intensify reforms一條龍服務(wù) one package s

27、ervice一支筆審批 one-chop approval我們兩市的經(jīng)濟互補性很強。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利，互通有無 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods外引內(nèi)聯(lián) act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections保持發(fā)展后勁

28、 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development經(jīng)濟實力 economic capabilities龍頭 pacemaker; leading role三通一平（水通、電通、路通、施工場地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring經(jīng)濟過熱 overheated economy抑制炒房地產(chǎn)熱 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏觀調(diào)控 macro

29、-economic control經(jīng)濟杠桿 economic levers產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 industrial policy財政, 稅收, 信貸，利率, 匯率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高經(jīng)濟效益 enhance economic performance/returns社會效益 social effect/returns實現(xiàn)持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、協(xié)調(diào)的發(fā)展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development財政赤字(盈余 ) budget de

30、ficit(surplus)外貿(mào)出口總額 gross foreign export value外商直接投資協(xié)議金額 contracted foreign direct investment實際利用外資 foreign investment in actual use三資企業(yè)(中外合資合作、外商獨資經(jīng)營) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: Sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture允許外商獨資經(jīng)營 allow full foreign equity operati

31、on優(yōu)惠條件 confessional terms; favorable terms減免稅收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation瓶頸 bottleneck以工養(yǎng)農(nóng) use industrial income to finance agriculture以路養(yǎng)路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects下放審批權(quán) delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels統(tǒng)而不死，活而不亂 ensure

32、 a flexible control良性循環(huán) positive cycle國民經(jīng)濟的支柱 mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.理順企業(yè)的產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises政策性虧損 policy-related loss三角債 chain debts上不封頂，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企業(yè)“工效掛鉤” link

33、 total payroll with the performance of an enterprise生意興隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish質(zhì)量信得過單位 quality trustworthy organization批量生產(chǎn) mass production以銷定產(chǎn) limit production to market ability內(nèi)聯(lián)企業(yè) inland associated enterprises菜籃子工程 shipping basket project國產(chǎn)化 percentage of home-made parts配套改革 coordinated

34、reforms配套措施 supporting measures配套工程 auxiliary project國內(nèi)配套資金 domestic funds向基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)傾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry升級換代 upgrading and updating看好經(jīng)濟增長 think highly of economic growth行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.行情看漲/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price隨行就市 fluctuate in line w

35、ith market conditions片面追求發(fā)展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate在過渡時期 in a period of transition粗放/集約經(jīng)營 extensive/intensive operation基礎(chǔ)地位 leading position門類齊全 covering extensive fields存款/貸款余額 the balance of deposits/loans外匯儲備 foreign exchange reserves貿(mào)易順差 trade surplus完善的市場和發(fā)達的金融體制 well-established mark

36、et and sophisticated financial system消滅失業(yè) wipe out unemployment降低過熱的期貨市場，恢復(fù)金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order緊縮銀根 tighten the money supply一位數(shù)水平 one digit level保持雙邊貿(mào)易的平衡 balance the two-way trade這次會議為兩國進一步加強持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。 This meeting laid a sound foundation fo

37、r the two countries to forge enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties.市場疲軟 a market slump庫存積壓 overstocked products國家指令性計劃 state mandatory planning統(tǒng)一定價 unified price setting國家統(tǒng)配物資 materials allocated by state貨幣發(fā)放 the issue of currency規(guī)范價格秩序 standardize the price order簡化流通環(huán)節(jié)，增加隨機檢查 simpl

38、ify circulation and add more random checks市場機制開始發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)作用。 The market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role.由于該暗補為明補，糧食購銷同價。 Grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered allowances are turned into open allowance.導(dǎo)致價格持續(xù)增長的一個重要因素在于物價的逐步放開及價格結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。 An important factor (c

39、ontributing to/resulting in) substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and the structural ad招標(biāo)出售技術(shù) bids for technology公開招標(biāo) call for bid; tenders招標(biāo)單 invitation for bid (IFB)標(biāo)書 bidding document竟標(biāo) competitive bidding投標(biāo) bid for a project投標(biāo)報價書 bid proposals評標(biāo) bid proposal eval

40、uation開標(biāo) bid opening中標(biāo) win a bid; be awarded a tender拍賣 auction租賃 leasing保稅區(qū) bonded area; free trade area實行全方位開放 practice multi-directional opening統(tǒng)一政策、放開經(jīng)營、平等競爭 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自負盈虧、工貿(mào)結(jié)合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integ

41、ration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system知識產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property rights技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向書 letter of intent投資環(huán)境 investment environment跨國公司 transnational cooperation基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 infrastructure20年基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 year

42、s發(fā)揮技術(shù)窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商項目 project proposals for investment同國際慣例接軌 follow the international codes of practice; bring in line with the international usage加大改革力度 in

43、tensify reforms一條龍服務(wù) one package service一支筆審批 one-chop approval我們兩市的經(jīng)濟互補性很強。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利，互通有無 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods外引內(nèi)聯(lián) act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and estab

44、lishing domestic connections保持發(fā)展后勁 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development經(jīng)濟實力 economic capabilities龍頭 pacemaker; leading role三通一平（水通、電通、路通、施工場地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power

45、supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.瓶頸 bottleneck以工養(yǎng)農(nóng) use industrial income to finance agriculture以路養(yǎng)路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects下放審批權(quán) delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels統(tǒng)而不死，活而不亂 ensure a flexible control良性循環(huán) pos

46、itive cycle國民經(jīng)濟的支柱 mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.理順企業(yè)的產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises政策性虧損 policy-related loss三角債 chain debts上不封頂，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企業(yè)“工效掛鉤” link total payroll with the per

47、formance of an enterprise生意興隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish質(zhì)量信得過單位 quality trustworthy organization批量生產(chǎn) mass production以銷定產(chǎn) limit production to market ability內(nèi)聯(lián)企業(yè) inland associated enterprises菜籃子工程 shipping basket project國產(chǎn)化 percentage of home-made parts配套改革 coordinated reforms配套措施 supporting meas

48、ures配套工程 auxiliary project國內(nèi)配套資金 domestic funds向基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)傾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry升級換代 upgrading and updating看好經(jīng)濟增長 think highly of economic growth行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.行情看漲/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price隨行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions片面追求發(fā)展

49、速度 seek an unduly high growth rate在過渡時期 in a period of transition粗放/集約經(jīng)營 extensive/intensive operation基礎(chǔ)地位 leading position門類齊全 covering extensive fields存款/貸款余額 the balance of deposits/loans外匯儲備 foreign exchange reserves貿(mào)易順差 trade surplus完善的市場和發(fā)達的金融體制 well-established market and sophisticated financ

50、ial system消滅失業(yè) wipe out unemployment降低過熱的期貨市場，恢復(fù)金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order緊縮銀根 tighten the money supply一位數(shù)水平 one digit level保持雙邊貿(mào)易的平衡 balance the two-way trade這次會議為兩國進一步加強持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forg

51、e enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties.市場疲軟 a market slump庫存積壓 overstocked products國家指令性計劃 state mandatory planning統(tǒng)一定價 unified price setting國家統(tǒng)配物資 materials allocated by state貨幣發(fā)放 the issue of currency規(guī)范價格秩序 standardize the price order簡化流通環(huán)節(jié)，增加隨機檢查 simplify circulation and add mor

52、e random checks外貿(mào)常用詞匯 -國際貿(mào)易-出口信貸 export credit 出口津貼 export subsidy 商品傾銷 dumping 外匯傾銷 exchange dumping 優(yōu)惠關(guān)稅 special preferences 保稅倉庫 bonded warehouse 貿(mào)易順差 favorable balance of trade 貿(mào)易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 進口配額制 import quotas 自由貿(mào)易區(qū) free trade zone 對外貿(mào)易值 value of foreign trade 國際貿(mào)易值 value of

53、 international trade 普遍優(yōu)惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP最惠國待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT -價格條件-價格術(shù)語trade term (price term) 運費freight 單價 price 碼頭費wharfage 總值 total value 卸貨費landing charges 金額 amount 關(guān)稅customs duty 凈價 net price 印花稅stamp duty 含傭價price including commission 港口稅portdues 回傭

54、return commission 裝運港portof shipment 折扣discount,allowance 卸貨港port of discharge 批發(fā)價 wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售價 retail price 進口許口證inportlicence 出口許口證exportlicence 現(xiàn)貨價格spot price 期貨價格forward price 現(xiàn)行價格（時價）current price prevailingprice 國際市場價格 world (International)Marketprice 離岸價（船上交貨價）FOB-free on board 成本加運費價（離岸加運費價） C&F-cost and freight 到岸價（成本加運費、保險費價）CIF-cost,insurance and freight -交貨條件-交貨delivery 輪船steamship(縮寫S.S)