語法復(fù)習虛擬語氣

1、 高二英語語法復(fù)習 虛 擬 語 氣虛擬語氣用于表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜測建議或與事實不符的假設(shè)的虛擬情況。一、（一）、if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句條件狀語從句的動詞形式主句的動詞形式與過去事實相反had donewould/should/could/might + have done與現(xiàn)在事實相反did (were)would/should/could/might + do與將來事實相反did (were)should dowere to doeg: 1、If you had studied harder , you would have passed the exam. 如果你學習用功的話，你就通過

2、考試了。 2、If I hadnt taken your advice , I would have made a bad mistake.我要不是聽了你的話，就犯大錯誤了。 3、If he were here , he could be glad to see you. 他要是在這里，見到你會很高興的。 4、If I had money , I should buy a house. 如果我有很多錢，我就買房子。 5、If it should rain / rained / were to rain tomorrow , I wouldnt go out. 如果明天下雨的話，我就不出去了。

3、6、If it were Sunday tomorrow , I should go to see my grandmother.如果明天是星期日，我就去看望我奶奶。練習：1、If the dog hadnt woken us , we the fire and it the house next door. A. hadnt noticed ; had spread to B. wouldnt have noticed ; might have spread to C. wouldnt notice ; would have spread to D. didnt notice ; sprea

4、d to2、If I you , I more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was ; shall pay B. am ; will pay C. would be ; would pay D. were ; would pay3、If I plan to do anything I wanted to , Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to4、If yo

5、u were to do it , the result different. A. will be B. would be C. should have been D. would have been（二）、錯綜時間非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣（混合時間的虛擬條件句） 即：當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時（即：主句和從句的時間不一致），如從句指過去，而主句指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，此時應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類形對動詞的形式作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 eg: If you had listened to me , you wouldnt be in such trou

6、ble now.如果你聽了我的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會有這樣的麻煩了。（從句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反）If you had taken my advice , you would be much better now.如果你當時采納我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會好多了。（從句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反）If it rained now , the crops should be saved. 如果現(xiàn)在下雨的話，莊稼就有救了。（從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，主句與將來事實相反）（三）、if 虛擬條件句的倒裝 當條件狀語從句的謂語部分含有 had , should 或 were 時，就將 had , sho

7、uld 或 were放句首，把句子寫成倒裝句并將連詞 if 省略。 eg: Had you come yesterday (= If you had come yesterday ) , you would have met him.你要是昨天來的話，就會見到他了。Should it rain tomorrow (= If it should rain tomorrow ) , what would you do ?萬一明天下雨的話，你們怎么辦？Were I a boy (= If I were a boy ) , I would join the army. 如果我是男孩，我就去參軍。注意：

8、在虛擬條件句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式，其句首不能用助動詞的縮略否定式。 eg: Were it not for the expense , I would go to Paris.（如果不是由于費用，我會去巴黎。） （ ）Werent it for the expense , I would go to Paris.（如果不是由于費用，我會去巴黎。） （ ）（四）、含蓄虛擬條件句中的虛擬語氣（隱含性的虛擬條件句） if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句可以用 otherwise , or , with , without , but for 替換。eg: He was having a meeting; oth

9、erwise he would have come over to help us.他當時正與他的學生進行討論，否則的話他就來幫我們了。He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.他昨天很累，不然他就參加那個聚會了。 With more money / If I had more money , I could help more people in need.如果我有更多的錢，我會幫助更多的人。Without air / If there were no air , there would be no l

10、iving things on the earth.如果沒有空氣的話，地球上就不會有生物了。But for electricity /If there were no electricity , there would be no modern industry. 要是沒有電，就不會有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。練習：1、What would have happened , as far as the river bank ? A. if Bob has walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bo

11、b walked farther 2、 today , he would get there by Saturday. A. If he leaves B. Was he leaving C. Would he leave D. Were he to leave 3、 , I would not refuse his invitation. A. Were I you B. If I should be you C. If I was you D. If I had been you二、特殊詞的虛擬在表示“堅持”、“命令”、“建議”、“要求”等動詞后面的賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬形式“sho

12、uld + 動詞原形”或是“動詞原形”。這類要求賓語從句的謂語用虛擬形式的動詞，常見的有： 一個堅持（insist），兩個命令（command , order），三個建議（suggest , advise , propose），四個要求（demand , request , require , ask）及desire , decide , determine , recommend , urge 等。注意：1、動詞insist后接賓語從句時，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別是：若謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生或尚未成事實，則用虛擬語氣，此時insist通常譯為“堅持要求，堅決主張”；

13、若謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或已經(jīng)成為事實，則用陳述語氣，此時的insist通常譯為“堅持說，堅持認為”。 eg: The thief insisted that he hadnt stolen a wallet from the old man , but the old man insisted that the police should search the thief for the wallet. 那小偷堅持說他沒有偷那老人的錢包，但那老人堅持要求警察搜那小偷的身以便找到錢包。2、與動詞insist相似，動詞suggest后接賓語從句時，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)

14、別是：若謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣，此時suggest通常譯為“建議”；若謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或已經(jīng)成為事實，則用陳述語氣，此時的suggest通常譯為“表明，暗示”。 eg: What he said suggested that he was angry. 他說的話表明他很生氣。The teacher suggested that we should read some great novels during the coming holiday. 老師建議我們在即將來臨的假期里多讀些名著。3、在表語從句和同位語從句中表示建議、命令、要求等的名詞sug

15、gestion（建議），proposal（提議），order（命令），advice（建議）, demand（請求），requirement（要求），request（請求），desire（愿望）等的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬形式“should +動詞原形”或是直接用“動詞原形”。 eg: My suggestion is that he should leave for London at once. 我的建議是他立即動身去倫敦。（表語從句） His suggestion that we should go to shanghai is wonderful. 他建議我們?nèi)ド虾Ｕ媸呛?/p>

16、極了。（同位語從句）4、下列結(jié)構(gòu)中主語從句的謂語動詞也要求用虛擬語氣： It is ordered that（根據(jù)命令、要求） It is proposed that（人們建議） It is desired that（最好、需要） It is requested that（人們要求） It is required that（人們要求） It is suggested that（有人建議） It is recommended that（有人推薦） It is demanded that（根據(jù)要求） It is decided that（已經(jīng)決定） It is arranged that（已經(jīng)安排

17、） eg: It is suggested that the English evening be held on Saturday. 有人建議，英語晚會周六舉行。 It is ordered that all the students should not carry a mobile phone with them while taking an exam. 根據(jù)命令，所有的學生在考試期間不能攜帶手機。三、（一）、“wish +賓語從句”表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“would /

18、 could +動詞原形”；表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had +過去分詞”。 eg: I wish it were spring all the year round. 我但愿四季如春。 I wish I had known the truth at that time. 但愿當時我知道真相。 I wish I could fly like a bird. 但愿我能像鳥一樣飛翔。 （二）、在It is (high / about) time that句形中的that從句里，無論何時、何人稱，其謂語動詞都用“過去式”或“should +動詞原形”（should通常不能省略）。這

19、個句形表達的意思是“該是的時候了”。 eg: It is (high / about) time that we got ready for the final examination.=It is (high / about) time that we should get ready for the final examination.It is (high / about) time for us to get ready for the final examination.該是我們?yōu)槠谀┛荚囎鳒蕚涞臅r候了。 （三）、“would rather +賓語從句”表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“寧愿

20、”。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)聿荒軐崿F(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had +過去分詞”。 eg: I would rather you went tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天去。 I would rather you hadnt mentioned the price. 我寧愿你沒提到過價錢。 （四）、在某些It + be +形容詞/名詞+ that從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬形式“should +動詞原形”或是“動詞原形”。這類形容詞/名詞常見的有：essential（絕對必要的），important（重要的），advisabl

21、e（明智的），desirable（希望能夠的），natural（自然的），necessary（必要的），strange（奇怪的），a pity / a shame / no wonder等。 eg: It is important that we should work hard at English. 我們用功學英語是很重要的。 It is necessary that he should be sent to Beijing right away. 有必要立即派他去北京。 （五）、以as if , as though（似乎、仿佛）引出的狀語從句，如果表示真實情況應(yīng)該用陳述語氣；如果表示非真

22、實情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞的虛擬形式與wish后面的賓語從句中的謂語動詞的虛擬形式相同。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；若表示將來的可能性不大，從句中的謂語動詞用“would / could +動詞原形”；若表示與過去事實相反，從句中的謂語動詞用“had +過去分詞”。 eg: Look at the sky ! It seems as if it is going to rain. 看天空，好像要下雨了。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他對待我像對待陌生人一樣。 He behaved as if nothing ha

23、d happened. 他表現(xiàn)得若無其事。 （六）、“If only從句”表示一種愿望或是向往的假設(shè)，譯為“要是就好了”，“但愿”。這個句形中的語序是正常語序，不倒裝。其謂語動詞的虛擬形式與wish后面的賓語從句中的謂語動詞的虛擬形式相同。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“would / could +動詞原形”；表示過去未能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had +過去分詞”。 eg: If only I were not so nervous now. 要是我現(xiàn)在不那么緊張就好了。 If only she could unde

24、rstand my real feelings. 要是她能了解我的真實想法就好了。 If only my mother had survived the disease and lived till now. 要是我媽媽沒有死于疾病而活到現(xiàn)在就好了。 （七）、在一些簡單句中也常用虛擬語氣。這些句子的謂語常用兩種形式，即：“動詞原形”或是“may +主語+動詞原形”，表示祝愿、命令。 eg: Have a good journey ! 祝你旅途愉快！ God bless you ! 上帝保佑你！ May you be happy ! 祝你幸福！ May you succeed ! 祝你成功！練習

25、： 1、The headmaster suggested that the injured student to the hospital. A. was sent B.be sent C. should send D. must be sent 2、Look at the clock ! It is high time that home now. A. we will go B. we must go C. we went D. we going 3、-Did you meet with the famous space hero Yang Liwei ? - I had come earlier ! A. If only B. If not C. But for D. For fear 4、If on