小學(xué)語(yǔ)法形容詞和副詞

1、知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：一 形容詞、副詞的概念形容詞：我們把用來(lái)修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。形容詞主要描述人或者事物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。副詞：說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式、等含義的詞，我們稱之為副詞。多用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。二 形容詞、副詞的用法1.形容詞一般在句中作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞或代詞前面，都含有“的”意思。如：a nice watch一只漂亮的手表 an empty box 一個(gè)空箱子a clever boy 一個(gè)聰明的男孩 a beautiful girl 一個(gè)美麗的女孩delicious food 可口的食物 an interesting book 一本有趣的書(shū)a blue car 一輛

2、藍(lán)色的小汽車 an exciting speech 一次令人興奮的演講注意：形容詞在修飾someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，需要置于其后。如：something important (重要的事情) nothing interesting (沒(méi)有什么有趣的)2.形容詞作表語(yǔ)（有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞之后） These flowers are blue. 這些花是藍(lán)色的。 Bob looks smart today. 今天鮑勃看上去很精神。有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)

3、詞之后, 如：asleep / alike / ill 等 The boy is asleep. Lucy and Lily look alike. Her mother is ill.3.形容詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后(常用動(dòng)詞有make / paint / keep / find / want / like等后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，再接形容詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、特征等。We must keep our classroom clean.Do you like your tea weak or strong?The boy was beaten black and blue.4.

4、形容詞與表示“長(zhǎng)、寬、高、重、老、距離”的詞連用時(shí)，常放在后面。 Tom is 1.7 meters tall. My father is 30 years old. The school is 100 meters away.5.副詞多用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，可以放在句子的前面、中間、或最后。1時(shí)間soon / now / only /finally / onceearly / late / before / after 5頻度always / often / never / seldom2地點(diǎn)here / nearby / outside / above6疑問(wèn)how / where / when /

5、 why3方式Badly / quietly / fast / slowly7連接how / when / where / why / whether4程度nearly / very / quite / rather8關(guān)系when / where / why They live happily. (happily快樂(lè)地，幸福地，修飾動(dòng)詞live) They are listening to the teacher carefully. (carefully 認(rèn)真地，修飾動(dòng)詞listen) Dont speak loudly in class. (loudly 大聲地，修飾動(dòng)詞speak)注意：

6、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞不用副詞修飾，直接加形容詞作表語(yǔ)。聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有feel / smell / ge t / become / turn / sound / look等）Her face became pale. 他的臉色變得蒼白。The fish smells terrible . 這條魚(yú)難聞極了。The food tastes delicious. 這食物嘗起來(lái)很可口。This cloth feels soft.這批布讓人感覺(jué)很柔軟。 6.部分形容詞加-ly可以變成副詞。如：形容詞副詞 quick+ly quickly slow+ly slowly quiet+ly quietly happy+ly h

7、appily careful+ly carefully注意：并不是以ly結(jié)尾的單詞都是副詞，名詞+ly可變成形容詞。如：名詞形容詞 friend + ly friendly朋友般的 love + ly lovely可愛(ài)的 sister + ly sisterly姐妹般的 brother +ly brotherly兄弟般的father + ly fatherly 父親般的 mother + ly motherly 母親般的有些名詞+y可以變成形容詞。如：名詞形容詞rain + y rainy 下雨的 snow + y snowy 下雪的 cloud + y cloudy 陰天的 salt + y

8、 salty 咸的 sand + y sandy 有沙的 fog + y foggy 霧的 wind + y windy 有風(fēng)的三 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則大多數(shù)形容詞、副詞都有等級(jí)的變化，表示“比更”或“最”。形容詞用來(lái)表示物的等級(jí)差別一般有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種形式。如：tall-taller-tallest ; little-less-least ; fast-faster-fastest1. 一般情況下，直接在原詞后加-er，或加-est如：quick-quicker-quickest slow-slower-slowestclever-cleverer-clevere

9、st high-higher-highestlow-lower-lowest fast-faster-fastest 2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在原詞后加-r，最高級(jí)在原詞后加-st如：nice-nicer-nicest large-larger-largest white-whiter-whitest safe-safer-safest3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，變y為i, 再加-er或-est.如：heavy-heavier-heaviest easy-easier-easiest early-earlier-ealiest happy-happier-happiest4

10、.重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞，要雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-er或-est如：fat-fatter-fattest red-redder-reddestthin-thinner-thinnest wet-wetter-wettestbig-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest5.部分雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞要在原詞前面加more或most.如：beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful useful-more useful-most useful delicious-more delicious-most delicious deffe

11、rent-more different-most different difficult-more difficult-most difficult carefully-more carefully-most carefully不規(guī)則變化： good/well-better-best bad-worse-worst many/much-more-most little-less-least far-farther-farthest (指距離的遠(yuǎn)近)far-further-furthest （表示程度上更進(jìn)步)old-older-oldest (表示年紀(jì)大)old-elder-eldest (表

12、示長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系)四 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法1. 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)經(jīng)常用于兩個(gè)同類的人或事物的比較，比較對(duì)象用than來(lái)連接?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)是：“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than+對(duì)比成分Your jacket is longer than mine.She is cleverer than the other girls in the class.The room is smaller than the earth.The box is heavier than that one.This story is more interesting than that one.T

13、he weather in our hometown is warmer than that in Beijing.注意：much / rather / far / a bit / a little / even 這些詞常用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)。如He is much taller than Peter.Lily is a little thinner than Lucy.My mother is far nicer than my aunt. 2.形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)用于三者三者以上的人或物的比較，表示人或事物在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)“最”形容詞最高級(jí)前要用the，副詞最高級(jí)前面的the可以省去。如： He r

14、uns (the) fastest in his class. 他在班上跑的最快。 Yao Ming is the tallest in Chinese basketball team.姚明在中國(guó)籃球隊(duì)里最高。注意：asas表示同級(jí)比較，兩個(gè)as中間用原級(jí) Lily is as tall as Lucy. Lesson One is as interesting as Lesson Two.第二課和第一課一樣有趣。 not as/soas表示否定，表示前者不如后者（soas不能用于肯定） Mike is not as clever as Tom. 麥克不如湯姆聰明。 He is not so

15、tall as his sister. 他沒(méi)有姐姐長(zhǎng)得高。注意：1.“one of the + 最高級(jí)+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）”整個(gè)短語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。如：One of the cleverest students in China will visit our school. 2.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”“表示越來(lái)越”如：He works harder and harder. 3. more + 形容詞、副詞表示前者比后者更 less + 形容詞、副詞 表示前者不如后者4.the + 比較級(jí)+；the + 比較級(jí) + 表示越就越 如：The earlier you come, the

16、more you get. 來(lái)得越早，收獲越多。 5.“which / who+動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)+”句型中，如果后面有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，則用比較級(jí)；若有三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，則用最高級(jí)。 如：Who studies harder, Tom or Pat? Who studies the best, Ann, Tom or Peter?Practice:一 寫(xiě)出下列形容詞的反義詞二按要求寫(xiě)出下列單詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)_ _2.thin_ _3.heavy_ _ 4.happy_ _5.bad_ _6.little_ _ 7.far_ _8.careful_ _9.slow_ _ 10.well_ _11.low_

17、12. hot_ _三根據(jù)句意，用所給形容詞或副詞的正確形式填空1.Winter is _(cold) season of the year.2.Jim works_(hard), but his brother works_(hard) than him.3.This radio is not so_(cheap) as that one.4.Its much_(hot) today than yesterday.5.Please listen to me_(careful).6.I like getting up_(early).7.Mr Smith is the_(rich) man i

18、n this office.8.Things are getting_(bad) and_(bad).9.It smells_(terrible).10.The higher you climb, the _(cold) it will be.11.This match is _(exciting) of the three.12.My mother is the _(busy) in my family.13.Beijingis one of the_(beautiful) city in China.14.This book is _(interesting) than that book

19、.15.Li Pings home is _(far) from the school in our class.16.Which goes_(quick), the bus or the car?17.I can swim as_( fast ) as the fish, I think.18.Look! His hands are_( big ) than mine.19.I think you do these things_( well ) than your classmates.20.Whose bag is_( heavy ), yours or mine?21.Does Jim

20、 run as_( slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs _ ( slow ) than them.22.You have seven books, but I have_( many ) than you. I have ten.23.I jump_( far ) than some of the boys in my class.24.Im very_( thin ), but shes_( thin ) than me.25.It gets_and_( warm ) when spring comes here.26.The child doesnt_(

21、write) as _(fast) as the students.27. My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).28.My brother is two years _(old) than me.四單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Which subject do you like_, maths or English?2.This red rose is _of all flowers.A.beautifuler B.much more beautiful C.the most beautiful 3.My book is newer than_.4.He is_student in

22、 his class.5.Look! The bee_than the bird. A.fly higher B.is flying higher C.as high as D.flies higher6.His hens are _and fat. A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest7.She knows_about history than most people.8.It was really an_story.9.Which city is _from here, Beijing or Shanghai? A.far B.farther C.f

23、arthest D.the farthest10.This building is _that tree. A.so tall as B.as tall as C.so tall as D.as taller as五翻譯句子：1.誰(shuí)比Jim年紀(jì)大？是你。_ is _than Jim？ _ are.2.誰(shuí)比David更強(qiáng)壯？是Gao Shan._ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3.誰(shuí)的鉛筆更長(zhǎng)，他的還是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think.4.誰(shuí)的蘋(píng)果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _

24、 or your _?My _ _.5.你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎？是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.6.他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7.她和她的雙胞胎哥哥一樣胖嗎？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _?No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.9.我跳得和Mike一樣遠(yuǎn)。I _ as _ as Mike.10.Tom比你跑得快嗎？不是的,他和我跑得一樣快。_ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.11.多做運(yùn)動(dòng)，你會(huì)更強(qiáng)壯。_ more exercise,youll _ _ soon.12.我的科學(xué)很好，但是語(yǔ)文不好。I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese.13. 你放風(fēng)箏比王兵放得高嗎？不，我比他放得低。_you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_it _than_.14.我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like_.All m