易揮發(fā)物質(zhì)排放廢氣量的計算

1、易揮發(fā)有機物排放廢氣量的計算易揮發(fā)有機物排放是指無集中式排放口的一種排放形式。這種形式的排放量計算與集中式排放計算是不同的，現(xiàn)加以介紹。1.有害物質(zhì)敞露存放的散發(fā)量計算有害物質(zhì)敞露存放時，由于蒸發(fā)作用，不斷地向周圍空間散發(fā)出有害氣體和 蒸氣，其散發(fā)量可用下列公式計算：Gs= (5.38+4.1V ) Ph F (M ) 0-5式中，Gs有害物質(zhì)的散發(fā)量，g/h ;V 車間或室內(nèi)風速，m/s ;Ph有害物質(zhì)在室溫時的飽和蒸氣壓力，mmHg ;F有害物質(zhì)的敞露面積，m2;M有害物質(zhì)的分子量；5.38、4.1 常數(shù)。由物理化學可知，各種物質(zhì)的飽和蒸氣壓力隨溫度而改變，它們之間的關系如下：lgPH=

2、(-0.05223A/T ) +B式中，T有害物質(zhì)的絕對溫度，K;A、B常數(shù)，可從一般的物理化學手冊中查取，表1列出了常見有害物質(zhì)的A、B值。表1常見有害物質(zhì)A、B值物質(zhì)名稱分子式AB苯C6H6341727962甲烷CH485166863* *甲醇CH3OH393248802醋酸甲酯CH3COOCH3461508715四氯化碳CCI4339148004甲苯C6H5CH3391938330醋酸乙酯CH3COOC2H5511039010乙醇C2H5OH230257720乙醚C2H5OC2H54677491352.液體（除水以外）蒸發(fā)量的計算本計算方法適用于硫酸、硝酸、鹽酸等酸洗工藝中的酸液蒸發(fā)量的

3、計算，其計算公式如下：Gz=M （0.000352+0.000786V）PF式中，Gz液體的蒸發(fā)量，kg/h ；M液體的分子量；V蒸發(fā)液體表面上的空氣流速，m/s，以實測數(shù)據(jù)為準，無條件實測時，可查表2，一般可取0.2-0.5 ；P相應于液體溫度下的空氣中的蒸氣分壓力，mmHg。當液體濃 度（重量）低于10%時，可用水溶液的飽和蒸氣壓代替，查表 3 ;當液體重量 濃度高于10%時，可查表4、5、6、7。F液體蒸發(fā)面的表面積，m 3。表2槽邊排風工藝槽產(chǎn)生有害氣體計算參數(shù)工藝槽名稱溶液名稱主要成分含量（g/L）溶液溫度C）液面風速（m/s ）硫酸浸蝕硫酸50-25040-800.35* *鹽酸浸

4、蝕鹽酸150-36010-350.30硝酸浸蝕硝酸40%-80%室溫0.40銅及銅合金在硝酸和硫酸中浸蝕硝酸10%-50%至溫0.40硫酸40%-60%0.40鑄件浸蝕硫酸75%至溫0.40氫氟酸25%混酸浸蝕硝酸20%至溫0.40氫氟酸30%混酸浸蝕硝酸50-100至溫0.35鹽酸150-200磷酸浸蝕80-12060-80裝飾鍍鉻鉻酐250-36040-500.40硫酸2.5-3.5鍍硬鉻鉻酐180-25055-600.50硫酸1.8-2.5鍍鋁錫合金硼氟酸60-100室溫硼氟酸鉛160-2000.40硼氟酸錫20-25氟硼酸鹽氟硼酸鉛250-3000.40鍍鉛氟硼酸60-120鋼鑄件退鎳

5、鉻酸250-30020-280.35硼酸25-30* *鋁合金硫酸陽極化硫酸100-20013-260.30鋁合金鉻酸陽極化鉻酸35-4040+ （ -）20.35鋼鐵件化學拋光硝酸1%-4%硫酸20%-40%70-800.40鹽酸7%-30%銅和銅合金化學拋光硝酸10%-15%磷酸50%-60%40-600.40醋酸30%-40%鎳的電拋光硫酸70%-80%室溫0.35鉻酐3%-5%表3 硫酸溶液蒸氣分壓力（mmHg ）濃度（%）溫度C）102030405060708090108.8016.730.452.888.4142.8223.4339.4502.6208.0572743277257.

6、4615.428.048.781.5131.9206.5314.2465.8306.9140792966356.2314.426.245.876.8124.4195.1297.5441.6405.2258685477* *454.1913.123.941.970.4114.4179.9277.8409.0503.1969394557552.2611.521.137.262.8103.3161.4247.8370.1601.4689314966650.809.8418.131.954.188.95140.4216.2324.4700.348.0012273.80562756.136.1714.8

7、26.244.858.86117.7184.1274.2800.044.4438744.229772.8211.520.625.429.8894.65147.3223.91.6123318.9771.52790.598.3715.126.39.2648.84112.5171.90.285.44673.9831.55740.083.219.9617.51.4815.8977.77119.81.316.0987.0251.1380.582.6610.92.6826.3679.920.181.14212.0043.120.385.004.7720.002.208.300.77表4 硝酸水溶液上面的H

8、NO 3及H20的蒸氣壓（mmHg ）濃溫度C）* *度2030405060708090%P硝P水P硝P水P硝P水P硝P水P硝P水P硝P水P硝PP硝P水水8.215.0.07.15.83.01120.013.10.5.62027.0.0284.210.2.203660.123.19.7.94.1041.2100.047.180.050.124.40.4131.587.4082.4620.0200.050.2410.033.0.2725.0.8413.3.0012.8144100.0300.080.5690.1750.5601.6615.50024.731.3400.000.5110.36561

9、.1342.3.1031.9.6521.852152.4500.012130.75902.1855.68016.50412074.0600.1381.0171.48144.0570.9.95127.135.36731236.5700.2720042.8037.25016.88143.3010648210.0800.5301.8265.102112.511027.51267.556153733316.0901.0130779.0820.917043.7610386230108241001.8773.33915.53234.225869.519152130330848352045835383281

10、926786.0584855675005注：濃度為重量濃度表5 HCI水溶液液面上水蒸氣和 HCI氣體分壓（mmHg ）濃度%溫度C）015202530405060708090PhciPH2OPhciPH2OPhciPH2OPhciPH2OPhciPH2OPhciPH2OPhciPH2OPhciPH2OPhciPH2OPhciPH2OPhciPH2O100.03.840.0010.70.0014.60.00200.0126.80.02470.0780.00.161300.352040.733101.48463140.03.3929.65413.171810842.10.2872.00.6011

11、61.251852.502734.8425180.02.870.018.260.0111.30.0315.40.0524.10.1236.41.1162.52.301024.551628.6024815.7374220.072.3326.7599.3212.6020.60.5230.24.4252.08.6085.616.313829.321152317260.411.760.065.210.097.210.149.950.2217.12.1024.017541.53.256958.5112100173169261281.01.500.294.5456.3288.57813.59.221.03

12、5.736.56460.711299.0188154309261302.41.2643.880.455.410.687.521.0211.819.118.47132.012453.522887.5340136542207325.71.041.473.252.174.553.206.374.5611.239.415.714127.723846.539076.5623120970284* *3413.10.853.362.704.903.817.055.359.908.78113.527324.045040.572066.5/104/2613629.00.687.62.1910.63.1015.1

13、4.4121.07.2316111.453520.486034.8/57.0/90/1403863.00.5616.81.7523.52.5132.53.6044.56.083229.595517.4/29.6/49.1/77.5/12040130.0.4136.81.3750.52.0068.52.8805.035987.9/14.5/25.0/42.1/67.3/1054200.31781.061051.561422.30924.09/6.5/12.1/21.1/35.8/57.2/89.22531582102771883.28/307399515360560709900627/注：濃度為

14、重量單位表6 HF水溶液液面上HF和H20蒸氣分壓力（mmHg ）濃溫度C）度25406075%PH20PhfPH2OPhfPH2OPhfPH2OPhf10220.27500.611371.82654.020180.67411.91155.520011.630132.0304.58514.216027.0注：濃度為重量濃度表7 水溶液的蒸氣壓（mmHg ）溫度壓力溫度壓力溫度壓力溫度壓力溫度壓力(C)(C)(C)(C)(C)12.7830.43129.8731.82213.63464.80136.0.928433.6968.2685.29414.535142.671.8815.68515029

15、35.66375.65026.1011615.47303447149.379.6036.5431773137.724583.7158847.0131816.473294659156.488.0257.5131973339.984792.5160368.0452017.533494861163.797.2178.6092153542.1749102.09107.20112.51118.04123.8062789.9202218.653655063171.3992303744.5651648109.8442419.823835265179.31110.512573947.0653661128262

16、1.064075467187.51311.232784149.69556841412822.3742256196.011.98752.449723.752204.9655.32625.204214.1958.377* *26.73928.34961.503生產(chǎn)設備和管道不嚴密處的散發(fā)量各種生產(chǎn)設備和管道都有不嚴密之處，不嚴密處泄漏出有害氣體量往往隨使 用期增大而增大。有害氣體的泄漏量一般可采用下式計算：Gc=KCV （ M/T）°，5式中，Gc設備或管道不嚴密處的散發(fā)量，kg/h ；K安全系數(shù)，視設備的磨損程度而定，一般取K=1-2 ；C隨設備內(nèi)部壓力而定的系數(shù)，其值列于表5-151

17、 ；V設備和管道的內(nèi)部容積，m3 ；M設備和管道內(nèi)的有害氣體和蒸氣的分子量；T設備和管道內(nèi)部的有害氣體和蒸氣的絕對溫度，K。表8不同壓力時的系數(shù)C值壓力（絕對大氣壓）V 22717411614011001系數(shù)C0.210.1660.1820.1890.250.290.310.374.油漆物件表面的散發(fā)量一般在油漆時都要用各種有機溶劑（如汽油、苯、甲苯等）作為稀料，因此在油漆完后，物件在自然干燥過程中， 全部有機溶劑將從物體表面揮發(fā)散出， 其散發(fā)量常用下列公式計算:G= IME式中，G油漆作業(yè)點的油漆揮發(fā)量，kg/a ；M全年油漆用量，kg/a ;E油漆揮發(fā)量，kg/1000kg，查表9表9各類

18、油漆有機溶劑揮發(fā)量（計量單位：公斤或標m3/t油漆）油漆代號油漆類別有機溶劑揮發(fā)量其中：苯類溶劑丄F /ZX曰 揮發(fā)量備注（附有機溶劑名稱）重量（公斤）體積（標 m3）重量（公斤）體積（標 m3）Y油脂漆類711100200號汽油、松節(jié)油T天然樹脂漆類3115611428200號汽油、二甲苯F酚醛樹脂漆類34156236200號汽油、二甲苯、甲苯L瀝青樹脂漆類4207623557200號汽油、二甲苯、煤油C醇酸樹脂漆類4328119447200號汽油、二甲苯、松節(jié)油A氨基樹脂漆類50913136789丁醇、二甲苯、煤焦溶劑Q硝基樹脂漆類53713122755純苯、甲苯、丙酮、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、丁醇、乙醇G過氯乙烯漆類668166414101甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮、醋酸丁酯X乙烯樹脂漆類56924500乙醇、丁醇B丙烯酸漆類64116329772純苯、甲苯、二甲苯、醋酸丁酯、乙醇、丁醇、丙酮* *Z聚脂漆類40811321853二甲苯、乙二醇、丙二醇H環(huán)氧樹脂漆類2466413633二甲苯、丁醇S聚氨脂漆類3407713733二甲苯、醋酸丁酯、環(huán)已酮W有機硅類漆3708828269甲苯、二甲苯、丁醇、醋酸丁酯T各種橡膠漆類502114443108甲苯、二甲苯、純苯、苯焦溶劑各大類油漆平均數(shù)3803514435X輔助材料：硝基漆稀料（香蕉水）1000243510