ing分詞用法歸納

1、-ing分詞用法歸納1. -ing 分詞概述-ing分詞的基本形式是由動詞加 -ing構成，與動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式一致。-ing分詞的主要變化形式有一般式和完成式；一般式和完成式中又分別有主動形式及被動 形式。詳見下表：主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done2.-ing分詞的意義(1)-ing分詞所表示的動作常與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生。如：He used to stand there thinking.他過去常站在那兒思考。They held activities celebrating their culture.他們舉

2、行活動來慶祝他們的文化。(2) -ing分詞若在suggest, insist等動詞后或作結果狀語時，表示的動作常發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之后；He suggested us practicing English every day.他建議我們每天練習英語。He insists on going with us together.他堅持要跟我們一起去。Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there.她母親一個人走了, 讓她一個人在那兒哭。(3)-ing分詞若在forget, regret, remember等動詞后或作時間狀語時，表示的動作

3、發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前。如：Can you still remember living there?你還能記得在那里的生活情況嗎？I don ' t regret helping him, though he is unkind to us. 盡管他對我們不友好，我對幫助他還是不后悔。(4)-ing分詞若在介詞 before, after 之后，動作的先后依介詞before, after 的意義而定。如：I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep.我在入睡前常要看看報紙。(5)-ing分詞表泛指意義的動作或狀態(tài)時，沒有時間意義

4、。如：Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit.堅持做早操是種好的習慣。(6) -ing分詞的完成式表示所發(fā)生的動作在謂語動詞的動作之前。如：Not having received her answer, he decided to write to her again.由于沒有收至 U她的回信，他決定再給她寫封信。(7) -ing分詞的主動形式，表明邏輯主語所動作的發(fā)出者；過去分詞表明邏輯主語是動作的承受者。如：你從從山頂上看去，這座由于不知道該怎么做，由于他沒有Seeing from the top of the mountain

5、, you will find the town very beautiful. 山頂上看，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)這座城市很美。Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful.城市看起來很美。(8) -ing分詞的否定式是在-ing分詞前面加否定詞not。如：Not knowing what to do, he went to ask the teacher for help.他去請求老師的幫助。Not having made it clear, he went to ask the teacher about it again.弄明白

6、，他又去向老師詢問這件事。3. -ing 分詞的句法功能-ing 分詞具有動詞的一些特征，可帶自己的賓語或狀語，從而一起構成動詞ing 形式的短語。 這個動詞ing 形式短語具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)，在句子中，可做句子的主語、賓語、賓語的補足語、表語、同位語、定語及狀語等成分。(1) 作主語-ing 分詞短語放在句子的前面做主語，但當-ing 分詞短語較長時，為了使句子保持平衡，常用 it 作形式主語，而將真正的主語放到句子的末尾。如：Reading makes a man perfect. 閱讀使人完美。Crying over spilt milk is no use. It is no

7、 use crying over spilt milk.牛奶倒了，哭也無益。-ing 分詞做真正的主語時常用于句型：It is no use doing /It is no good doing /It is useless doing /It is worthwhile doing 如：It is no good reading in the sun.在陽光下看書是不好的。It is useless remembering words only.只記單詞是沒有用的。(2) 作賓語-ing 分詞既可做某些動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。a. -ing 分詞并不是做所有及物動詞的賓語，而是只能做某

8、些及物動詞的賓語，如：admit,advise, allow, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, fancy, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, keep, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent,resist, risk, suggest, stop 及下列短語動詞的賓語：carry on, can t help, feel like,give up, keep on, put off, set about, object to

9、, insist on, prevent from, payattention to, stick to, refer to, get down to,look forwards to, devote to, be /get used to, lead to 。如：I dislike playing cards.我不喜歡打牌。He enjoys reading stories. 她喜歡讀故事。He got down to working as soon as he got to the office.他一進入辦公室就開始工作。b. 下列動詞或形容詞: want, require, need,

10、deserve, worth帶 -ing 分詞作賓語時，主動形式表被動意義。如：The book is worth reading. 這本書值得讀。The house requires repairing at once.這座房子需要馬上維修。c. 介詞除 besides, but, except 接不定式外，一般都須接-ing 分詞作賓語。如：You must finish your work before going to the concert.你必須在去聽音樂演唱會之前必須把工作完成。On seeing her mother, the little girl began to cry

11、out.這個小女孩一看見她的母親就大哭了起來。(3) 作表語-ing 分詞作表語時，有兩種情況，一方面，當-ing 分詞具有名詞性質(zhì)時，-ing 分詞短語說明主語的內(nèi)容；另一方面，當-ing 分詞具有形容詞性質(zhì)時，-ing 分詞說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。如：His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英語。( 說明工作的內(nèi)容)His job is interesting.他的工作很有趣。(說明工作的特征)注意：當-ing 分詞的動作是主語所發(fā)出的時，句子不是系表結構，而是動詞現(xiàn)在進行時。如：He is teaching Japanese at that school.他在那

12、所學校教日語。( 現(xiàn)在進行時)(4) 作賓語的補足語下列動詞可接-ing 分詞作賓語的補足語。a. 感、知覺動詞：feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch可接 -ing 分詞作賓語的補足語。如：I heard her singing in the next door。我聽見她在隔壁唱歌。I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground.我觀看他們在操場上打排球。b. 動詞 find, get, have, keep, leave, send，

13、 suggest 可接 -ing 分詞作賓語的補足語。如：I found the missing boy playing by the river.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個失蹤的男孩在河邊玩。Don t have your guest standing there and ask him tosit down. 不要讓客人站在那里 , 請他入坐。(5) 作定語-ing 分詞作定語時，分兩種情況。a. 單個的動詞ing 形式作定語時，它總是位于被修飾的名詞之前，說明被修飾名詞的目的、用途或特征。如：China is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。Would you plea

14、se give me some writing paper?請給一些書寫紙好嗎？b. -ing 分詞接名詞、代詞或副詞構成的短語作定語時，總是位于所修飾的名詞之后，說明名詞所處的狀態(tài)或進行的動作。如：The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei.在教室里學習的那個男孩是李雷。Don t trouble the dog sleeping over there.不要惹事生非。(6) 作同位語-ing 分詞作同位語時，位于同位的名詞之后，且跟前面的名詞用逗號隔開，表示前面名詞的內(nèi)容。如：His idea, helping farmers get in the

15、ir crops, interested us very much.他那幫助農(nóng)民收割莊稼的想法使我們很感興趣。The goal, making two thousand cars this month, excites the workers.本月生產(chǎn)兩千輛小汽車的目標使工人們很興奮。(7) 作狀語-ing 分詞在句子中做狀語，表示謂語動詞所發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨、目的、程度和結果。如：a. 作時間狀語Having cleaned the house, she went on to help her mother pick apples.把房子打掃后，她又繼續(xù)幫助母親摘蘋果。

16、Having had his breakfast, he began to look for work again.吃過早餐后，他又開始去尋找工作。b. 作原因狀語Not knowing English, they found it very difficult to communicate with the peoplein America. 由于不懂英語，他發(fā)現(xiàn)在美國跟人們交流很困難。Getting up late, he missed his early train.由于起床晚了，他沒有趕上早班火車。c. 作條件狀語Living in a polluted environment, pe

17、ople may fall ill easily.如果生活在受污染的環(huán)境中，人們很容易生病。Loving others, you will be loved by others.d. 作讓步狀語如果你愛他人，你就會得到他人的愛。不管是在學校還是在家，她都是個好姑娘。Talking or acting, he is very honest.e. 作方式狀語He went there riding his bike.They make money selling fruits.f. 作伴隨狀語He used to sit there thinking.他騎單車去那里。他們靠賣水果掙錢。過去他常坐在

18、那里思考。無論是說話還是做事，他都很誠實。Being at school or at home, she is a good girl.他一邊沿著河邊走一邊低聲唱著歌He walked along the river singing in a low voice. 兒。g. 作目的狀語。作目的狀語的-ing 分詞一般是表示所從事的活動方面的動詞，如： boating,climbing, fishing, hunting, riding, sailing, shopping,shooting, skating, skiing,swimming, walking, washing 等。I ofte

19、n go shopping with mother on Sundays.星期天我常跟媽媽買東西。Will you please go skating with me this afternoon?今天下午跟我去滑冰好嗎？h. 作程度狀語。作程度狀語時，常用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如：He was caught in the heavy rain and got his clothes soaking wet.他淋了一場大雨，把衣服全部弄濕了。He wore his thin coat in freezing cold days and fell ill soon.他在冰冷的天還穿著單薄的大衣，不

20、久就病倒了。i. 作結果狀語He cut down the trees in front of his house, having its roof blown off by strongwind. 他把房前的樹給砍了，結果大風把房頂刮走了。He died, leaving his wife and children nothing but great debt.他死了，留給妻子和孩子的只有巨大的債負。4. -ing 分詞的一些慣用法在英語實際交際中，還有一些特殊用法或句型。如：(1) There be no doing = It is impossible to do 。如：There is

21、 no telling whether he will keep his words.他會不會遵守諾言很難說。(2) How / What about doing =How do you like/ What do you think of 如：How about hiking this Sunday? 本周星期天去遠足怎么樣？(3) on doing = as soon as + clause , 如：On hearing the bad news, the little girl burst out crying.一聽到這一噩耗，小女孩就大哭了起來。(4) There be no end

22、to doing 無止境。如：If everyone wants others to dance to his music, there will be no end to fightingin the world. 要是大家都要其它的人來按照他的意志做事，那么世界上就永遠沒有安寧的日子。(5) without so much as doing = even- -. not. 甚至，連一都沒有。如：He started his company without so much as having his own office.他創(chuàng)辦公司時連自己的辦公室都沒有。(6) lose no time i

23、n doing = begin to do at once. 立亥U做, 一。如：There are very few days left for College Entrance Examination, so we can lose notime in revising our lessons.離高考沒幾天了，我們得抓緊復習我們的功課了。(7) be up on the point of doing =be going to do 即將做。如：We believe our China is on the point of creating a new era.我們相信我們中國即將開創(chuàng)一個新

24、時代。(8) in (the) hope of doing 懷著希望。如：After graduating from university, he went to Shenzhen in the hope of finding a good job. 大學畢業(yè)以后，他去深圳希望找到一個好的工作。(9) for the purpose of doing = for the sake of 為了。如：He went on studying abroad for the purpose of serving the people better.他繼續(xù)去國外深造以便能更好地為人民服務。(10) com

25、e near doing =almost do 幾乎，差一點兒。如：He came near dying in the traffic accident.他在那場車禍中差一點喪了命。5. -ing 分詞的復合結構根據(jù)句子意思的需要，有時須在-ing 分詞前加上適當?shù)倪壿嬛髡Z，這種邏輯主語與-ing 分詞一起就構成了-ing 分詞的復合結構。(1) -ing 分詞的復合結構形式a. 一般說來，-ing 分詞的復合結構是由形容詞性的物主代詞或名詞的所有格與-ing 分詞構成。如：His ( Li Lei s ) singing / writin g / painting attracts many people. 他的唱歌/ 寫字 / 繪畫吸引了很多人。b. 當 -ing 分詞的復合結構作賓語時，-ing 分詞的復合結構也可用人稱代詞的賓格或名詞的普通格與-ing 分詞構成。如：The teacher suggested us / our / Li Lei / Li Lei s waiting for WuDong at the station.老師建議我們/ 李蕾在車站等吳東。Do you mind me / my / Li Lei / L i Lei