初中哦現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)講解及練習

1、初三語法專項訓練:現(xiàn)在完成時用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成:助動詞 have (has + 過去分詞,1.表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如:I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。(“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了” 現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語有:already (”已經(jīng)” 用于肯定句的中間和末尾處 never (“從不” 用于中間處 ever (”曾經(jīng)” 用于疑問句和肯定句的中間處just (“剛剛” 用于中間處 yet (“已經(jīng)” 用于疑問句的末尾處 / “還” 用于否定句的末尾處 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用

2、法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至會繼續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成 的影響;一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。試比較:The plane has arrived . 飛機已經(jīng)來了。 (說明現(xiàn)在的情況:飛機在這兒The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機是一刻中以前來的。 (強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去 I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。 (表示十五年前的動作一直延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還可能會繼續(xù)。 I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。 (表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)

3、不在這兒任教了練習:I .翻譯下列句子:1. 你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯條嗎?2. 我剛剛丟了我的化學書。3. 我以前從來沒去過那個農(nóng)場。4. 他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。5. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎?6. 我哥哥還沒回來。7. 我上星期看過這部電影。8. 在 1992年他住在這里。II . 用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時填空:1. “_ you _ (have lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have it?” “I _ (have it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write

4、one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish his work.6. Your father _ (finish his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn many English words.8. They _ (not read the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go

5、to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink coke?11. “_ you _ (buy a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where _ you _ (buy it?” “ I _ (buy it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy it?” “ Yesterday.”Since 和 for 的用法表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)常用的時間狀語有:for, since, how long, so far, these days等。Since+過去點的時間, for+一段時間(數(shù)詞

6、+量詞 ,此劃線部分用 how long提問。一、 since 短語或從句表示過去的動作延續(xù)至今, since 之后的時間為一點。 如:Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來,史密斯先生一直在這工作。He s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大學以來大約學了五千 個英語單詞。二、 for 短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間, for 的賓語為時間段。 如:We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認識有二十年了。I

7、 haven t seen her for a long time. 我好久沒有見到她了。練習:用 since 和 for 填空1 _ two years 2 _ two years ago 3 _ last month 4 _ 1999 5 _ yesterday 6 _ 4 oclock 7 _ 4 hours 8 _ an hour ago 9 _ we were children10 _ lunch time 11 _ she left here1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we

8、 were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.2. 短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性 arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1 He got to Beiji

9、ng five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2 I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3 I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4 They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _. come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1 He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2 We retu

10、rn to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be1 I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2 The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1 The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2 The door opened at six in the morning.

11、The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1 I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2 He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3 My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for

12、_ _.4 The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5 I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6 They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _. start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on1 I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2 The film began two minutes a

13、go.The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold get to know know1 They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2 I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3 I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4 I put on my glasses three ye

14、ars ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _. have/has gone to have been in1 He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1 He joined the league in 2002.He _ _

15、a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2 My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.3. 漢譯英1這本字典我已買了三年了。2他離開中國三年了。3我認識他們五年了。4他們已去了美國五年了。5自從他搬到福州,他就住這兒了。6他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚 10年。7我妹妹成為一個大學生已經(jīng)三年。8這會已開了多長時間了?

16、9這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。10我入團 2年了。I _ _ _ two years ago.I _ _ a _ _ for two years.I _ _ a _ of _ _ for two years.I _ _ _ the _ for two years.11自從 1999年以來他們就認識。12我來到農(nóng)場已 5年了。4. 劃線提問1 I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2 My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3 He left here yesterday._

17、 _ he _ _?4 They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?have been in, have been to 與 have gone to 的用法一、 have(has been in 表示 “在某地呆多長時間” , 常與表示一段時間的狀語連用, 如:since, for, how long 等。例如:Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配:have been here (there /at home (school /on

18、the farmhave been here (there / abroad二、 have(hasbeen to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地” ,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與 just, ever, never等 連用,例如:I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?have(has been to 后面可接次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次。例如:I have been to Beijing t

19、hree times. 我去過北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。三、 have(has gone to 意為“到某地去了” ,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?說 話時該人不在現(xiàn)場,一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。例如:-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 湯姆在哪里?他到書店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克 . 約翰遜到倫敦去了。練習:I. 用 have(has been 或 have(ha

20、s gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that

21、place?B: He _ there only once.II. 用 have/has been to/in, have gone to及 go 的各種形式填空。1 Where is Jack? He _ his country.2 David _ the park just now.3 John _ England since he came back.4 How long _ have _ this village?5 The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6 _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7

22、I _ this school since three years ago.8 Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9 When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10 Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11 Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo.12 He often _ swimming.13 _ you _ there last year? 14 _ they often _ skating in winter? III.翻譯下列句子

23、： 1. 他已經(jīng)來中國三年多了。 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 他們出國兩個月了。 我從來沒去過長城。 你曾經(jīng)出過國嗎？ 他已經(jīng)去圖書館了。 他來這兒五年了。 昨天他去了公園。 “你要去哪里？” “我要去學校。 ” 他常常去游泳。 綜合練習: I. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空 1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago. 3. Mr. Wang ha

24、s taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.” II. 翻譯下列句子： 1. 他們已經(jīng)打掃了教室嗎？ 2. 3. 我們已經(jīng)認識有二十年了。 打那以后，她一直住在這。 4. “你曾經(jīng)到過那里嗎？” “不，我從來沒到過那里。 ” III. 用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)填空： 1.Shes _ (live here ever since she was ten. 2.Both of them _ (be in Hongkong for t