人教版初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)90370

1、人教版初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)一、48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)及26個(gè)英文字母的正確書(shū)寫(xiě)要熟練掌握元音和輔音，5個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。二、be動(dòng)詞的用法be動(dòng)詞有三種變形，分別是：am, is, are。記憶口訣："我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它"單數(shù)全都用is，復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)1、三種人稱：第一人稱(I, we)，第二人稱(you, you)，第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。2、人稱代詞的主格，即人稱代詞位于句子主

2、語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài)：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。3、人稱代詞的賓格，即人稱代詞位于句子賓語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài)：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。4、形容詞性物主代詞：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。5、名詞性物主代詞：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。6、反身代詞：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。

3、四、基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量多少的詞，大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù))zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine

4、, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。五、一般疑問(wèn)句及特殊疑問(wèn)句1、一般疑問(wèn)句：能用Yes或No來(lái)回答的問(wèn)句。一般疑問(wèn)句句尾讀升調(diào)。2、特殊疑問(wèn)句：不能用Yes或No來(lái)回答的問(wèn)句。特殊疑問(wèn)句句尾讀降調(diào)。六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1、規(guī)則變化：(1)一般情況直接在詞尾加"-s "，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;(

5、2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞，要在詞尾加"-es "，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加"-es "，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;(4)部分以f (e)結(jié)尾的詞，變f (e)為"ves "，如：knife-knives, half-halves等;(5)以o結(jié)尾的詞，加"-s "或"-es "，如：zoo-zoos, photo

6、-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣：除了"英雄"hero外，凡是能吃的，加"-es "，不能吃的加"-s "。2、不規(guī)則變化：(1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;(2)單、復(fù)同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;(3)其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。七、簡(jiǎn)單句的成分及主謂一致原則最基本構(gòu)成：

7、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)，其中謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。主謂一致原則，就是句子的謂語(yǔ)要始終及主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)(簡(jiǎn)稱"三單")時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)非"三單"時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用原形。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變"三單"的規(guī)則如下：(1)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加"-s "，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加"-es "，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等

8、;(3)以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞一般加"-es "，如：do-does, go-goes等;(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再加"-而是"，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等;(5)have的三單形式是has。八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。1、定冠詞the表示"特指"，可譯為"這個(gè)"、"那個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"。2、不定冠詞a, an用來(lái)表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是"

9、;一個(gè)"。an用于以元音開(kāi)頭(注意不是以元音字母開(kāi)頭)的單詞前，a則英語(yǔ)非元音開(kāi)頭的單詞前。3、不定冠詞a, an及基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是：不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量"，而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量"。九、助動(dòng)詞(do, does )的用法只有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)才涉及使用助動(dòng)詞。以like為例：(1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時(shí)不涉及使用助動(dòng)詞，只涉及"主謂一致"原則。eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.(2)當(dāng)句子為否定句時(shí)，要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱來(lái)決定使用相應(yīng)的

10、助動(dòng)詞：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為"三單"時(shí)，要使用does;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為"非三單"時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句：Kangkang likes math.-Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.-They don't like sports.(3)當(dāng)句子變疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問(wèn)句：Michael likes Chinese Food.-Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he

11、 doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.-Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名詞所有格1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用of表示".的"，但要從of后往of前翻譯：a book of mine(我的一本書(shū))3、have及of的區(qū)別：have一般表示"主動(dòng)擁有"，往往用于有生命的人或動(dòng)物;無(wú)

12、生命的物體一般不能"主動(dòng)擁有"，表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)要用of。例如：I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.a door of the house十一、初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)之課本中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)1、Unit 1 -Unit 2(1)問(wèn)候語(yǔ)：Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you?-Just OK, thank you. How are you?-Not bad, thanks.Hi! Hello!How do you do?(2)道別用語(yǔ)：Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(m

13、eet用于初次見(jiàn)面，see用于熟人間)Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!(3)介紹人或者物的句型：This is.(4)Excuse me.及I'm sorry.的區(qū)別：Excuse me.是要引起對(duì)方的注意，而I'm sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?5)詞組be from = come from(6)當(dāng)問(wèn)句中問(wèn)到this/ that時(shí)，回答要用it;問(wèn)到these/ those時(shí)，要用they來(lái)回答。

14、 例如： What's this in English?-It's an eraser.What are those?-They are books.(7)對(duì)Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.(8)look the same = have the same looksgive sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree (樹(shù)上結(jié)的、長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的用on，否則用in)in red(穿著紅色的衣服)in th

15、e desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))in English(用英語(yǔ))help sb. do sth.(9)both及all的區(qū)別：both表示"兩者都."all表示"三者及以上都."。2、Unit 3-Unit 4(1)speak的用法speak及say不同：speak表示"說(shuō)"的動(dòng)作，不表示"說(shuō)"的內(nèi)容;say則表示"說(shuō)"的內(nèi)容。speak后面除了能接"語(yǔ)言"外，不能直接接?xùn)|西，后面加了to則表示"對(duì).說(shuō)"。help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補(bǔ)習(xí)

16、.)want to do sth.(想要做某事)would like to do sth.not.at all(一點(diǎn)都不);Not at all.(沒(méi)關(guān)系/別介意)like.a lot = like.very much(2)some和any的區(qū)別：口訣：some用于肯定句，否定、疑問(wèn)變any。例如：I have some money.I don't have any money.Do you have any money?(3)have a seat = take a seat(請(qǐng)隨便坐)(4)祈使句(表示命令或請(qǐng)求的句子)祈使句一般都省略了主語(yǔ)You，所以其否定句直接用Don'

17、;t開(kāi)頭。例如：Don't go there!(5)問(wèn)職業(yè)：What does sb. do?What is sb.?What's sb.'s job?(6)work及job的區(qū)別：work是未必有報(bào)酬的"工作"，例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報(bào)酬的"工作"。(7)on指在物體的表面，不論這個(gè)面是否水平的，例如：on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院里)look after(照料/照顧/照看)

18、help oneself(請(qǐng)自便/隨便吃)9)表示"建議"的句型："做某事如何?"What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語(yǔ))How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語(yǔ))Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supperhave.for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake one's orderbe kind to sb.(11)try o

19、n這個(gè)詞組可合可分：名詞可以放在這個(gè)詞組的中間或后面，但代詞只能放在詞組的中間。(12)在口語(yǔ)中往往用take表示"買(mǎi)"。(13)how many及how much的區(qū)別：how many + 可數(shù)名詞;how much + 不可數(shù)名詞(14)What do you think of.? 是詢問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)某事物的看法;How do you like.? 是問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)某事物喜歡的程度。think about(考慮)Thank you all the same. (即使對(duì)方?jīng)]能幫上忙，也要禮貌道謝)Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)使用。)(15)

20、one及it的區(qū)別：當(dāng)上下文說(shuō)的是同一種類事物時(shí)，任意一個(gè)可以用one來(lái)代替;如果上下文所說(shuō)的是同一個(gè)事物時(shí)則用it。例如：Ann ：I have a yellow bag.Jane ：I have a green one.Tom ： Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?Mike ： Look, it's over there.(16)倒裝句Here you are.Here it is.(17)be free (有空/免費(fèi))forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)forget doing sth.(忘了做過(guò)某事)What's up? = What's wrong with.? = What&#