【深圳牛津版】-初中英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit7知識(shí)點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精講精練【全套7】

1、Unit 7 The adventures of Tom Sawyer (1)Date:_name:_【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】 必記單詞adventure n.【】noveln.【】congratulations n.pl. 【】writern.【】humorous adj. 【】taskn.【】boardn.【】surveyv.【】progress n.【】restn.【】pityn.【】silencen.【】whilen.【】carefuladj. 【】dealn.【】celebrated adj.【】lazyadj.【】pretendv.【】 ?？级陶Z(yǔ)1. have a rest2. think o

2、f3. come along4. go on doing5. what a pity6. in silence7. after a while8. turn over9. trick sb. into doing sth. 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解1. Who is the writer of the novel?writer 可數(shù)名詞，意為“作家，作者” ，由動(dòng)詞 write 在詞尾加 -r 構(gòu)成?！就卣埂坎糠謩?dòng)詞的后面可以加-(e)r 或 -or 構(gòu)成名詞，該名詞表示執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作的人。report( 報(bào)道 ) reporter(記者 )sing(唱歌 ) singer(歌手，歌唱家)swim( 游泳 )

3、swimmer( 游泳者 )drive( 駕駛 ) driver( 駕駛員，司機(jī) )invent( 發(fā)明 ) inventor( 發(fā)明家 )visit( 參觀，訪問(wèn) )visitor( 參觀者 )2. On Saturday morning, every boy in the town was happy, except Tom Sawyer. except 在此處用作介詞，意為：除 .之外，表示同類(lèi)事物之間的關(guān)系，不能放在句首。其后可接名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定式。We have classes every day except Sunday.辨析： except, besides

4、, but 與 except for強(qiáng)調(diào)從整體中除去部分，except 后面的部分不包except除去 .,除 .之外括在整體內(nèi)。強(qiáng)調(diào)除去一部分還有另外一部分，besides 后的部besides除 .之外還有分包括在整體內(nèi)。多與 no one, nobody, all, who 等連用，其余情況下but除了可與 except 互換。表示對(duì)一個(gè)人或者事物先進(jìn)行一個(gè)整體評(píng)價(jià)，再except for除去 .之外就局部或細(xì)節(jié)提出看法或修正。I know nothing about the young lady except that she is from Beijing.There are thr

5、ee more visitors besides me.All but him have gone to Japan.His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.3. He painted one board and surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest.(1) survey 及物動(dòng)詞，意為：查看，審視The engineers surveyed the coast.工程人員查看了海岸。She turned to survey her da

6、ughter s 她pale轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)face頭審.視女兒蒼白的臉?！就卣埂?survey 作動(dòng)詞，還可意為：調(diào)查；作名詞，意為：調(diào)查，測(cè)量Business Development Advisers surveyed 211 companies for the report.(v.)Please make a survey about your favorite festival and fill out the form.(n.)(2) progress 不可數(shù)名詞，意為：進(jìn)展，常用短語(yǔ)如下：make progress取得進(jìn)展make great progress取得很大進(jìn)步After some

7、period of practice, you will make great progress.(3) rest 名詞，意為：休息have/take a rest休息一下【拓展】 rest 作名詞，還意為：剩余部分，余下的人或物the rest of剩余的 .，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與of 后的名詞保持一致。The rest of the apples have gone bad.剩余的那些蘋(píng)果壞了。The rest of the apple has gone bad.那個(gè)蘋(píng)果的剩余部分壞了。 rest 也可作動(dòng)詞，意為：休息，歇息The workers stopped to have a re

8、st.We rested for an hour after lunch.4. Tom began to think of the games that he wanted to play.think of意為：想象到，想出，考慮。后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。Can you think of any other way to do it?We re thinking of moving house.【拓展】 think of還可意為：認(rèn)為What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film?由 think 構(gòu)成的其他短語(yǔ)：think

9、about考慮think over仔細(xì)考慮5. He knew the boys who were free would soon come along and make fun of him. come along 意為：出現(xiàn)，來(lái)到Do you want to come along?Take any job opportunity that comes along.6. He picked up his brush and went back to work.pick up意為：拾起，撿起He picked up his cap from the floor.There is a book

10、on the floor. Please pick it up.【拓展】 pick up 還有 “（用車(chē)）接（人或物） ；（車(chē)輛）中途搭（人）”之意。The car stopped and picked me up.車(chē)停了，我上了車(chē)。Ill come to pick you up.我會(huì)開(kāi)車(chē)來(lái)接你的。7. What a pity!這是一個(gè)感嘆句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為 : what+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)！ pity 名詞，意為：可惜，遺憾It is a great pity that all students in the city cannot have the same chances.【拓展】pity

11、 還可做不可數(shù)名詞，意為：憐憫，同情心take pity on sb.同情某人I'm hoping some kind people will take pity on me.I felt pity for the poor old man.8. Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day? chance 此處用作名詞：機(jī)會(huì)，可能性，常用短語(yǔ)：take a chance冒險(xiǎn)，碰運(yùn)氣have/get a chance to do sth.有機(jī)會(huì)做某事Don't take a chance to chea

12、t in the exam.I finally got a chance to stand at the front of fashion.9. Then he went on painting.go on doing sth.不停地做某事，繼續(xù)做某事（前后做的是同一件事）go on to do sth.接著做另一件事（做另一件事，前后做的不是同一件事）go on with sth.繼續(xù)做某事（前后做同一件事，但中間有暫停情況）The students went on talking and laughing all the way .Go on to do the other exercis

13、e after you finish this one.He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story.10. Ben watched Tom in silence.in silence 意為：沉默地，無(wú)聲地The students are waiting for their teacher in silence.11. After a while , he said,“ Tom, will you let me do some painting?”(1)while 在此處用作名詞，意為：一會(huì)兒，一段時(shí)間Let s have a rest fo

14、r a while.(2)do some painting粉刷，刷油漆該短語(yǔ)中v-ing 為動(dòng)名詞，這是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。表示做某事需要一段時(shí)間或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有：do some cleaning做清潔工作do some cooking做飯菜do some washing洗衣服do some shopping購(gòu)物12. Aunt Polly warned me to do it well.warn 動(dòng)詞，意為：警告，提醒warn sb. of /about sth. 警告某人某事warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（別）做某事They warned him

15、 of the dangers of sailing alone.He warned me not to tell others his secrets.13. I ll give youhalf my apple.half此處用作形容詞，意為：一半的。一般放在冠詞、物主代詞或指示代詞之前。Half the workers come from Shandong.【拓展】 half 還可做名詞，意為：一半，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為halves。The journey takes an hour and a half. half of.意為：半數(shù)的 ，此結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和介詞of 后的賓語(yǔ)在數(shù)上

16、保持一致。Half of the students are from China.Half of his life is spent making inventions.14. Without making a noise or sound.without 介詞 ,意為：無(wú)，沒(méi)有。后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞。Fish can t live without water. He left without saying a word.15. trick other boys into doing the work for him. trick 此處用作動(dòng)詞，意為：誘使，哄騙 trick sb. into

17、 doing sth. 誘使某人做某事They tricked me into making a great mistake.他們騙我犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)?！就卣埂?trick 作名詞，意為：詭計(jì)，花招play a trick on sb.捉弄某人He got into the castle by a trick.他耍了個(gè)花招混進(jìn)了城堡?！緦?shí)戰(zhàn)演練】 .英漢互譯。1.休息一下2.想象到3.出現(xiàn)4.過(guò)了一會(huì)兒5.取笑6. in silence7. what a pity8. pick up9. go on doing sth.10. trick sb. into doing sth. .選擇可以替換劃線

18、部分的最佳選項(xiàng)1.He always sleeps in class, so his classmates often make fun of him.A. punishB. cheatC. helpD. laugh at2.When Jason was painting the wall, some boys came along and wanted to join him.A. appearedB. cameC. arrivedD. noticed3.After supper, Bob continued working.A. stoppedB. kept onC. went onD.

19、finished4.During the lecture, the classs sat quietly and listened carefully.A. comfortablyB. calmlyC. tiredlyD. in silence5.Doed a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day?A. possibilityB. opportunityC. luckD. time6.Have you read the book called The Adventures of TomSawyer yet?A. saidB.

20、 namedC. talked7.All the boys had fun playing soccer except Jack.A. withB. includingC. not including8.If it goes on raining, the houses will be drowned.A. stopsB. startsC. continues9.After the hard working, Tom gained great success in his study.A. gotB. paidC. passed10. Who is the author of this nov

21、el?A. ownerB. writerC. reader .根據(jù)句意及首字母提示填詞。1.The playground is over 120 ylong.2.The wall gained two cof painting at last.3.We have worked for hours. What about having a r?4.You should read as many English books as p.5.The wof the story is Mark Twain. .用括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.He was getting more and more(

22、interest) in the subject.2.Children must(warn) to stay away from main roads.3.Let him(have) a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.4.Can you show me the right way(out) the problem?5.Without(say) a word, he left here angrily.6.All the kids enjoyed(they) at the party.7.The Children s Pal

23、ace opened many lessons of(paint) in the summerholiday.8.My teacher s(encourage) words gave me much help when I was in troubleat that time.9.Have you read any books(write) by Mark Twain?10. The man was(set) free at last. .單項(xiàng)選擇1.Because of Project Hope,children get better education.A. thousandB. thou

24、sandsC. thousand ofD. Thousands of2.I foundvery difficulta car.A. it;driveB. this; to driveC. this; drivingD. it; to drive3.We all went swimmingTom because he was ill at home.A. withB. besidesC. exceptD. beside4.A group of volunteers go to the Green Lake Park tolitter every month.A. stay upB. put up

25、C. show upD. pick up5.Yesterday morning Tom hurried to classhis schoolbag,so he had to share Mary .sA. withoutB. forC. withD. past6.Smoking is bad for your health.You d better.A. give up itB. give it upC. take out itD.take it out7.-Ben looks so bad!-Hein the schoolhis haircut.A. was made fun of; bec

26、auseB. was made fun of; because ofC. made fun of; becauseD. made fun of; because of8.Ihim to work hard and to try for the exam. He looked confident again.A. encouragedB. madeC. letD. forced9.The robber hit andMr Zhang and took away his wallet.A. knocked upB. knocked outC. knocked atD. knocked on10.

27、Tim gets A grade in every exam and heto be the cleverest in our class.A. is consideredB. is consideringC. condiersD. considered .語(yǔ)法填空We are al busy talking about and _1_ (use) the Internet, but how many of us _2_ (know) the history of the Internet? Many people are _3_ (surprise) when they find that

28、the Internet was not set up in the 1960s. At the time, computers were large _4_ expensive. Computer networks didn twork well. If one computer in the n etwork broke _5_, then the whole network stopped.So a new network system had to be set up. It should be go od enough to be used by any different comp

29、uters. If part of the network was working,information could be sent _6_ another part. In this way the computer networks systemwould keep on _7_ _ (work) all the time. The Internet was only used by the governmentin the 1960s, but in the early 1970s, universiti es, hospitals and banks were allowed to

30、useit too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use._8_ the start of 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists hadalso developed software that made “ surfing the”Internet more _9_ (adj. 方便的 )Today it is easy to get online and it is said t

31、hat millions of people use the Internet everyday. _10_e-mail is more and more popular among students. The Internet has nowbecome one of the most important parts of people slife.Unit 7The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (2)Date:_name:_【語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)】定語(yǔ)從句一、概念：1. 定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞a tall buildingthe book on the deskanythi

32、ng importantthe girl in red2. 如果定語(yǔ)是句子，便稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句。I know the girl.The girl is dancing.(兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句 ) I know the girl who is dancing. （定語(yǔ)從句）被修飾的詞是 _ 。這個(gè)詞就稱(chēng)為先行詞。其中連接兩個(gè)句子的是_， 稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞在從句中指代先行詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，觀察上句，關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)_。二、具體用法：1. 由 who, that 和 which 引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句，其前面一定有一個(gè)表示人或物的名詞或代詞。這個(gè)被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，由who或 t

33、hat 引導(dǎo)；當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，由which或that引導(dǎo)。I don tknow the boy who is playing football.The film which we saw last night was wonderful.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.2. that 引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句，其先行詞可以表示人，也可以表示物。The coat that I put on the desk is blue.（that 指物， =which ）The boy that visited our school yesterday is fr

34、om England.（ that 指人， =who ）3. who, that 和 which 在關(guān)系從句中既可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞不可以省略；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that 和 which 可以省略。The man who lives next to us is a policeman.（ who 作主語(yǔ)，不能?。〩e is the man that I visited last week.（that 作賓語(yǔ)，可以?。┤?、定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that 的情況：1. 先行詞為 all, much, nothing, none, something, everything 等不定代詞時(shí)。

35、Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop ？2. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)。He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。This is the most interesting story that he told.3. 先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few, any, no 等詞修飾時(shí)。 This is the same bike that I lost. 這就是我丟的那輛自

36、行車(chē)。4. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)。I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。四、定語(yǔ)從句中不宜用that 的情況：1. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。This is the room in which my father lived.這是我父親住過(guò)的房間。2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。He has a son,who works in a hospital.他有一個(gè)兒子，在一家醫(yī)院工作。3. 先行詞本身是 that 或 those 時(shí)。The clock

37、is that which tells us the time.鐘表是告訴我們時(shí)間的?！菊Z(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練】一、用關(guān)系代詞who/which/that 填空。1、 This is the professortaught me Chemistry in 1980 .2、 The hospitalwas built five years ago has been modernized.3、 The filmwe saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.4、 Do you know the studentwas praised at the meeti

38、ng?5、 He talked about the teachers and schoolshe had visited.6、 He is the person _ helped me.7、 That s the computer _ broke down.8、 We re not the students _ won the bad-Minton match.9、 They re the socks _ earon sale this week.10、 This is the train _ goes to Shenzhen.11、This is the second article _ I

39、 have written in English.12、 It is the best film _he has ever seen.13、 This is the very book _ I want to read.14、 All _ they told me surprised me.15、 The weather turned out to be very good, _is more than we could expected.二、單項(xiàng)選擇() 1. The man_you saw in the street is Tommy.A. whichB. whoseC. thatD. a

40、s() 2. Is this the museum _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. whoB. whichC. the oneD. whom() 3. The boy _ has an interesting story book.A. who sit next to youB. which sits next to youC. whom sits next to youD. that lives next to you() 4. Don t go in, this is the shop _ we have just been to.A. w

41、hoB. thatC. whereD. when() 5. The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _are known to us.A. whichB. thatC. asD. who() 6. I hate the people _ don t help others when they are in trouble.A. whoB. whichC. theyD. where() 7. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. whichB. wh

42、enC. whoD. whom() 8. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. whoB. whomC. heD. which() 9. I am the only one _ can do it right.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. whom() 10. This is the best film _I have ever seen.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. whom() 11. All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A. w

43、hichB. whoC. thatD. whom() 12.Take care of the boy and the dog _ are crossing the street.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. whom() 13.Finally, the thief handed everything_ he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. whatC. whateverD. that() 14. That s the only thing _can t be forgotten in my life.A. thatB. whichC.

44、whoD./() 15.New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice city.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. it() 20.He is an estate businessman _ loves climbing.A. whoB. whomC. heD. whichUnit 7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer定語(yǔ)從句一定語(yǔ)從句的理解：用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)：a tall buildingthe book on the deskanything importantthe girl in red如果定

45、語(yǔ)是句子，便稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句。I know the girl.The girl is dancing.(兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句 ) I know the girl who is dancing. （定語(yǔ)從句）被修飾的詞是 _ 。這個(gè)詞就稱(chēng)為 先行詞 。其中連接兩個(gè)句子的是 _， 稱(chēng)為 關(guān)系詞 。關(guān)系詞在從句中指代先行詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，觀察上句，關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)_ 。附：關(guān)系詞與先行詞的關(guān)系：關(guān)系詞和先行詞密切相關(guān)，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞用來(lái)指代先行詞，并且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。定語(yǔ)從句中常用的關(guān)系詞有：關(guān)系代詞who / whom ( 先行詞表示人)which ( 先行詞表示物)that / whose

46、(先行詞表示人或物)關(guān)系代詞在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；可以和介詞連用的關(guān)系代詞：whom, which （on which, with whom, for which）關(guān)系副詞when ( 表示時(shí)間 ) where (表示地點(diǎn) ) why ( 表示原因 )關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。二、定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞.關(guān)系代詞： that, which, who( 賓格 whom, 所有格whose)關(guān)系副詞： when, where, why關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞連接主句和從句，同時(shí)又代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)某一成分。e.g: The man（ wholives ne

47、xt to us ） is a policeman.先行詞關(guān)系代詞（）定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞who 連接主句和從句，同時(shí)在從句中代替the man,充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)。（初中階段我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。）三、關(guān)系代詞的用法1、 who/whomwho 和 whom 都可以指人， who 在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom 做賓語(yǔ)；做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)都可省略。e.g: I don t know the boy(who is playing football)作主語(yǔ)The girl (whom/who we met yesterday)is Tom s sister作.賓語(yǔ)（作賓語(yǔ)可以省略）2、 whos

48、ewhose 是 who 和 which 的所有格形式，表示“ 的 ”，指可指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。e.g: This is my sister (whose hair is yellow).I have a bedroom (whose window is large).3、 whichwhich 指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。e.g: The building (which stands near the train station) is a supermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）The film (which we saw las

49、t night) was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）4、 thatthat 既可指人也可指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。e.g: Mary likes music (that is quiet and gentle).瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。 （ that 指物， =which,作主語(yǔ)）The coat (that I put on the desk) is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。 （ that 指物， =which, The boy (that visited our school yesterday) is from England.作賓語(yǔ)）昨天來(lái)我們學(xué)習(xí)參觀那個(gè)男孩來(lái)自英格蘭。（that 指人， =who,作主語(yǔ)）He is the man (that I visited last week).他就是我上周拜訪的那個(gè)人。（that 指人， =who/whom,作賓語(yǔ)）關(guān)系詞只能用that 的情況：1) 先行詞為all， any， much， many，little, something, everything ， anything ， nothing, none， the on