從心理學(xué)角度看文學(xué)翻譯中的誤解

1、從心理學(xué)角度看文學(xué)翻譯中的誤解從心理學(xué)角度看文學(xué)翻譯中的誤解從心理學(xué)角度看文學(xué)翻譯中的誤解OnOn MiscomprehensionMiscomprehension inin LiteraryLiteraryTranslation:Translation: A A PsychologicalPsychologicalPerspectivePerspective【作者】 王蘭；【導(dǎo)師】 蔣堅(jiān)松；【作者基本信息】 湖南師范大學(xué)， 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)， 2004， 碩士【摘要】 誤解在翻譯中是比較常見(jiàn)的，而文學(xué)文本由于其固有的特點(diǎn)，更使得譯者發(fā)生誤解的可能性大大增加。誤解主要源于作者和讀者的距離。因?yàn)槲谋?/p>

2、一旦完成，作者和讀者之間就會(huì)有間距。譯者在閱讀時(shí)“得不到作者的回應(yīng)。相反，書(shū)本會(huì)將寫(xiě)作和閱讀兩種行為分離開(kāi)來(lái)，使其缺乏交流。讀者不會(huì)參與寫(xiě)作，作者也不在閱讀行為中?！?劉宓慶 2001：398)在這種情況下，一切全靠譯者運(yùn)用已有的知識(shí)技能，透過(guò)解讀獲得理解。這個(gè)過(guò)程中所碰到的障礙，不管明顯與否都有可能導(dǎo)致誤解。 傳統(tǒng)的翻譯理論往往將焦點(diǎn)集中在翻譯結(jié)果，要么把譯者假設(shè)為理想中的譯者。這些理論都忽略了譯者作為有意識(shí)的人，活動(dòng)往往受到大腦思維活動(dòng)的控制，譯者在翻譯中也必然有自己的心理活動(dòng)并受多種心理機(jī)制的作用。本文就是將注意力轉(zhuǎn)而集中在譯者上，通過(guò)接納心理學(xué)這門(mén)研究主體活動(dòng)的學(xué)科的某些范疇來(lái)審視翻譯

3、過(guò)程的理解，從“誤解”這一角度入手，闡釋心理因素是如何介入原作的理解，并最終導(dǎo)致誤解。引言部分從總體上介紹了誤解現(xiàn)象，在文學(xué)翻譯中研究這一現(xiàn)象的意義，以及本文的寫(xiě)作目的。這一部分還討論了誤解和誤譯的區(qū)別，以及闡釋學(xué)所討論的誤解和從心理學(xué)角度來(lái)討論的誤解的差異。 第一章列舉了幾種有影響力的翻譯過(guò)程模式，并分析了各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足。這一方面為理解是翻譯的基礎(chǔ)這一命題提供了有力的證據(jù)，另一方面，從幾種模式的變化自然而然過(guò)渡到本文的論證角度。本文是從認(rèn)知心理學(xué)來(lái)討論翻譯的理解過(guò)程，提出文學(xué)翻譯中的理解應(yīng)包括對(duì)原文語(yǔ)義的認(rèn)知以及對(duì)原文的審美認(rèn)知。 第二章為全文提供了理論依據(jù)。在現(xiàn)代認(rèn)知心理學(xué)的觀照下，借用

4、其核心概念“感知覺(jué)”、“格式塔”、“圖式”、“思維”、“想象”和“推理”，探討了翻譯理解的一些心理機(jī)制。 第三章專(zhuān)門(mén)論述了誤解這一文學(xué)翻譯中經(jīng)常遇到的現(xiàn)象是如何發(fā)生的。這種分析是按照第二章所論述的心理運(yùn)行過(guò)程和一些心理機(jī)制并引用實(shí)例來(lái)完成的。本文逐個(gè)分析了譯者在感知覺(jué)、思維和合成各個(gè)心理階段出錯(cuò)的原因。其中最主要的原因是由于定勢(shì)，定勢(shì)在最小最大原則的指導(dǎo)下延續(xù)，就會(huì)影響到思維階段各個(gè)心理機(jī)制的運(yùn)行，最終發(fā)生誤解。 結(jié)論部分指出誤解不僅有以上分析的心理原因，還有一些造成其心理原因的深層客觀因素。這些因素是和譯者的外語(yǔ)習(xí)得方式有關(guān)，所以對(duì)于譯者進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)的培訓(xùn)是相當(dāng)必要的。文章最后提出了一些可以減少

5、文學(xué)翻譯中誤解的策略。 更多還原【Abstract】 Miscomprehension is a common phenomenon in translation.It is more liable to happen in literary translation for thecharacteristics of literary texts. It mainly stems from the distancebetween the writer and the reader because when a text is finished,there is a distance betwe

6、en the author and the reader. The writerdoes not respond to the reader. Rather, the book divides the act ofwriting and the act of reading into two sides, between which there isno communication. The reader is absent for the act of writing; thewriter is absent for the act of reading. ( 2001:398) In su

7、ch asituation, it is entirely up to the translator to activate all hisability and knowledge to interpret and finally attain comprehensionof the text. During this process, obstacles, explicit or implicit,will often lead to miscomprehension.However, traditional translationtheories usually focus their

8、attention on the translation products orpresume translators as ideal. These theories ignore the fact that thetranslator, as a man with consciousness, has to be controlled by hismind; that therefore he is to be controlled by some psychologicalfaculties in the translating process. The target of this r

9、esearch isturned from the translation product to the translator himself byemploying psychology, a subject studying the activities of subjects.By adopting the perspective of miscomprehension, this paper intendsto explore how psychological factors interfere with the translatorscomprehension of the sou

10、rce text, finally leading to miscomprehensionin literary translation. Therefore, study on this topic is of unusualsignificance.The thesis consists of three chapters in addition to anintroduction and a conclusion. The introduction begins with a generalidea of miscomprehension, then goes on to differe

11、ntiatemistranslation andmiscomprehension, and miscomprehension discussed ina hermeneutic perspective and that in a psychological perspective.The significance of this research is also presented.Chapter Oneintroduces some influential models of the translation process, andanalyzes their merits and deme

12、rits respectively. This acts not onlyas an argument that comprehension is the basis for translation, butalso points ahead to the perspective of our discussion. We willdiscuss not only the linguistic cognition but also the aestheticcognition of the text with theoretical support from cognitivepsycholo

13、gy.Chapter Two provides the theoretical foundation of thisthesis. In the light of cognitive psychology, this chapter employsthe core working concepts such as sensation, perception, gestaltperception, schema, thinking, imagination and inference todiscuss the faculties and operations underlying the co

14、mprehensionprocess.Chapter Three explores how miscomprehension in literarytranslation takes place. Based on the discussion of Chapter Two andwith illustrative examples, the chapter expounds miscomprehension indifferent operation stage such as sensation, perception, thinking andsynthesis, in which se

15、t and the influence of minimax principle arethe main reasons for miscomprehension.In Conclusion the writer pointsout that miscomprehension occurs not only for psychological reasons,but is also caused by objective factors. Some of these factorsconcern the method of foreign language acquisition, which

16、 show thatspecial training for would-be translators are necessary. Moreover,Some strategies are put forward to help reduce the possibility ofmiscomprehension in literary translation. 更多還原【關(guān)鍵詞】 誤解； 感知覺(jué)； 圖式； 思維； 合成；【Key words】 miscomprehension； sensation and perception； schemathinking； synthesis；參考文獻(xiàn)：

17、自擬四字格與英漢文學(xué)翻譯文學(xué)作品是作者根據(jù)美學(xué)規(guī)律創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的具有不同審美價(jià)值的藝術(shù)品。文學(xué)作品的翻譯是“用另一種語(yǔ)言，把原作的藝術(shù)意境傳達(dá)出來(lái)，使讀者在讀譯文的時(shí)候能夠像讀原作時(shí)一樣得到啟發(fā)、感動(dòng)和美的感受.收錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 來(lái)源：編輯之友 2011 年 第 10 期作者：荊素蓉 機(jī)構(gòu)：山西大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院試談中國(guó)文學(xué)對(duì)外翻譯的創(chuàng)新中國(guó)文學(xué)走向世界要靠翻譯。中國(guó)文學(xué)翻譯在一百多年的發(fā)展中厚積薄發(fā)，冷靜成熟，民族立場(chǎng)堅(jiān)定。中國(guó)文學(xué)翻譯的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)必將在新平臺(tái)、新理論、新方法、新境界的翻譯實(shí)踐中綻放異彩。收錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 來(lái)源：文學(xué)教育 2011 年 第 17 期作者：王建

18、寧 機(jī)構(gòu)：寶雞文理學(xué)院論文學(xué)翻譯中的創(chuàng)造性叛逆?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)翻譯理論強(qiáng)調(diào)忠實(shí)于原文,忽視了譯者主體性,造成翻譯理論和實(shí)踐的相互脫節(jié)。與傳統(tǒng)譯論相比,創(chuàng)造性叛逆在強(qiáng)調(diào)譯者的主體性的同時(shí),賦予了譯者二度創(chuàng)作的空間。在文學(xué)翻譯中,譯者承擔(dān)著原文讀者.收錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 來(lái)源：雞西大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)：綜合版2011 年 第 10 期 作者：吳菽蓉 機(jī)構(gòu)：福建省莆田學(xué)院外語(yǔ)系 福建莆田351100銀錠橋空，金絲巷冷由中國(guó)文學(xué)翻譯現(xiàn)狀所引發(fā)的憂思改革開(kāi)放之后，中國(guó)的翻譯事業(yè)日漸繁榮。但是繁華背后也有一些問(wèn)題逐漸浮現(xiàn)，尤其是中國(guó)的文學(xué)翻譯，作為文化交流、走向世界的窗口，卻有著并不樂(lè)觀甚至堪憂的現(xiàn)狀。如何正視這些問(wèn)題

19、并加以解決，.收錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 來(lái)源：讀寫(xiě)算：教育教學(xué)研究2011 年 第 46 期 作者：馬潔 機(jī)構(gòu)：西南大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院，重慶 400715從心理學(xué)角度看文學(xué)翻譯中的誤解從心理學(xué)角度看文學(xué)翻譯中的誤解OnOn MiscomprehensionMiscomprehension inin LiteraryLiteraryTranslation:Translation: A A PsychologicalPsychologicalPerspectivePerspective【作者】 王蘭；【導(dǎo)師】 蔣堅(jiān)松；【作者基本信息】 湖南師范大學(xué)， 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)， 2004， 碩士【摘要】 誤解

20、在翻譯中是比較常見(jiàn)的，而文學(xué)文本由于其固有的特點(diǎn)，更使得譯者發(fā)生誤解的可能性大大增加。誤解主要源于作者和讀者的距離。因?yàn)槲谋疽坏┩瓿?，作者和讀者之間就會(huì)有間距。譯者在閱讀時(shí)“得不到作者的回應(yīng)。相反，書(shū)本會(huì)將寫(xiě)作和閱讀兩種行為分離開(kāi)來(lái)，使其缺乏交流。讀者不會(huì)參與寫(xiě)作，作者也不在閱讀行為中。”(劉宓慶 2001：398)在這種情況下，一切全靠譯者運(yùn)用已有的知識(shí)技能，透過(guò)解讀獲得理解。這個(gè)過(guò)程中所碰到的障礙，不管明顯與否都有可能導(dǎo)致誤解。 傳統(tǒng)的翻譯理論往往將焦點(diǎn)集中在翻譯結(jié)果，要么把譯者假設(shè)為理想中的譯者。這些理論都忽略了譯者作為有意識(shí)的人，活動(dòng)往往受到大腦思維活動(dòng)的控制，譯者在翻譯中也必然有自己

21、的心理活動(dòng)并受多種心理機(jī)制的作用。本文就是將注意力轉(zhuǎn)而集中在譯者上，通過(guò)接納心理學(xué)這門(mén)研究主體活動(dòng)的學(xué)科的某些范疇來(lái)審視翻譯過(guò)程的理解，從“誤解”這一角度入手，闡釋心理因素是如何介入原作的理解，并最終導(dǎo)致誤解。引言部分從總體上介紹了誤解現(xiàn)象，在文學(xué)翻譯中研究這一現(xiàn)象的意義，以及本文的寫(xiě)作目的。這一部分還討論了誤解和誤譯的區(qū)別，以及闡釋學(xué)所討論的誤解和從心理學(xué)角度來(lái)討論的誤解的差異。 第一章列舉了幾種有影響力的翻譯過(guò)程模式，并分析了各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足。這一方面為理解是翻譯的基礎(chǔ)這一命題提供了有力的證據(jù)，另一方面，從幾種模式的變化自然而然過(guò)渡到本文的論證角度。本文是從認(rèn)知心理學(xué)來(lái)討論翻譯的理解過(guò)程，

22、提出文學(xué)翻譯中的理解應(yīng)包括對(duì)原文語(yǔ)義的認(rèn)知以及對(duì)原文的審美認(rèn)知。 第二章為全文提供了理論依據(jù)。在現(xiàn)代認(rèn)知心理學(xué)的觀照下，借用其核心概念“感知覺(jué)”、“格式塔”、“圖式”、“思維”、“想象”和“推理”，探討了翻譯理解的一些心理機(jī)制。 第三章專(zhuān)門(mén)論述了誤解這一文學(xué)翻譯中經(jīng)常遇到的現(xiàn)象是如何發(fā)生的。這種分析是按照第二章所論述的心理運(yùn)行過(guò)程和一些心理機(jī)制并引用實(shí)例來(lái)完成的。本文逐個(gè)分析了譯者在感知覺(jué)、思維和合成各個(gè)心理階段出錯(cuò)的原因。其中最主要的原因是由于定勢(shì)，定勢(shì)在最小最大原則的指導(dǎo)下延續(xù)，就會(huì)影響到思維階段各個(gè)心理機(jī)制的運(yùn)行，最終發(fā)生誤解。 結(jié)論部分指出誤解不僅有以上分析的心理原因，還有一些造成其心

23、理原因的深層客觀因素。這些因素是和譯者的外語(yǔ)習(xí)得方式有關(guān)，所以對(duì)于譯者進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)的培訓(xùn)是相當(dāng)必要的。文章最后提出了一些可以減少文學(xué)翻譯中誤解的策略。 更多還原【Abstract】 Miscomprehension is a common phenomenon in translation.It is more liable to happen in literary translation for thecharacteristics of literary texts. It mainly stems from the distancebetween the writer and the re

24、ader because when a text is finished,there is a distance between the author and the reader. The writerdoes not respond to the reader. Rather, the book divides the act ofwriting and the act of reading into two sides, between which there isno communication. The reader is absent for the act of writing;

25、 thewriter is absent for the act of reading. ( 2001:398) In such asituation, it is entirely up to the translator to activate all hisability and knowledge to interpret and finally attain comprehensionof the text. During this process, obstacles, explicit or implicit,will often lead to miscomprehension

26、.However, traditional translationtheories usually focus their attention on the translation products orpresume translators as ideal. These theories ignore the fact that thetranslator, as a man with consciousness, has to be controlled by hismind; that therefore he is to be controlled by some psycholog

27、icalfaculties in the translating process. The target of this research isturned from the translation product to the translator himself byemploying psychology, a subject studying the activities of subjects.By adopting the perspective of miscomprehension, this paper intendsto explore how psychological

28、factors interfere with the translatorscomprehension of the source text, finally leading to miscomprehensionin literary translation. Therefore, study on this topic is of unusualsignificance.The thesis consists of three chapters in addition to anintroduction and a conclusion. The introduction begins w

29、ith a generalidea of miscomprehension, then goes on to differentiatemistranslation andmiscomprehension, and miscomprehension discussed ina hermeneutic perspective and that in a psychological perspective.The significance of this research is also presented.Chapter Oneintroduces some influential models

30、 of the translation process, andanalyzes their merits and demerits respectively. This acts not onlyas an argument that comprehension is the basis for translation, butalso points ahead to the perspective of our discussion. We willdiscuss not only the linguistic cognition but also the aestheticcogniti

31、on of the text with theoretical support from cognitivepsychology.Chapter Two provides the theoretical foundation of thisthesis. In the light of cognitive psychology, this chapter employsthe core working concepts such as sensation, perception, gestaltperception, schema, thinking, imagination and infe

32、rence todiscuss the faculties and operations underlying the comprehensionprocess.Chapter Three explores how miscomprehension in literarytranslation takes place. Based on the discussion of Chapter Two andwith illustrative examples, the chapter expounds miscomprehension indifferent operation stage such as sensation, perception, thinking andsynthesis, in which set and the influence of minimax principle arethe main reasons for miscomprehension.In Conclusion the writer pointsout that miscomprehension occurs not only for psychological reasons,but