標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等壓面和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓力

1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等壓面和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓力這里所說的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣指人為規(guī)定的、特性隨高度平均分布的大氣。我國在建立自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣之前，使用1976年美國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣，并以其30km以下部分作為國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。海平面溫度  15.0，氣壓 P=1013.25hPa，大氣密度：1.225kg/m3地面至11km對流層的氣溫垂直遞減率：0.65/100m,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)海平面加速度9.80665m/s211-20km平海面,溫度不變氣溫為56.5 氣壓價(jià)格P=226.32mb海拔1120公里的氣溫變化率：0.0/公里海拔2032公里的氣溫變化率：+1.0/公里下表列出不同高度處標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣的氣溫、氣壓值。表中“gpm”為海拔

2、米，其負(fù)號代表海拔以下。（gpm）氣溫（）氣壓（hPa）（gpm）氣溫（）氣壓（hPa）（gpm） 氣溫（）氣壓（hPa）-40017.6 1062.2 4800 -16.2 554.810000-50.0264.4-20016.31037.55000-17.5540.210200-51.3256.4015.01013.35200-18.8525.910400-52.6248.620013.7989.55400-20.1511.910600-53.9241.040012.4966.15600-21.4498.310800-55.2233.660011.1943.25800-22.7484.91

3、1000-56.5226.38009.8920.86000-24.0471.811500-56.5209.210008.5898.76200-25.3459.012000-56.5193.312007.2877.26400-26.6446.512500-56.5178.714005.9856.06600-27.9434.313000-56.5165.116004.6835.26800-29.2422.313500-56.5152.618003.3814.97000-30.5410.614000-56.5141.020002.0795.07200-31.8399.214500-56.5130.3

4、22000.7775.47400-33.1388.015000-56.5120.52400-0.6756.37600-34.4377.115500-56.5111.32600-1.9737.57800-35.7366.416000-56.5102.92800-3.2719.18000-37.0356.017000-56.587.93000-4.5701.18200-38.3345.818000-56.575.03200-5.8683.48400-39.6335.919000-56.564.13400-7.1666.28600-40.9326.220000-56.554.73600-8.4649

5、.28800-42.2316.722000-54.540.03800-9.7632.69000-43.5307.424000-52.529.34000-11.0616.49200-44.8298.426000-50.521.54200-12.3600.59400-46.1289.628000-48.515.94400-13.6584.99600-47.4281.030000-46.511.74600-14.9569.79800-48.7272.632000-44.58.7標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等面(hPa):      1000,850,700,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓力     相當(dāng)于溫度為0,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)重力加速度為9.80665ms-2 、水銀密度為1.35951×104kgm-3的條件下,高度為760mm的汞柱對其底面單位面積(1cm2)上垂直作用的力,即1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓=101325Pa           =1013.25hPa&