ml基礎(chǔ)及實(shí)踐開發(fā)教程唐琳主編習(xí)題答案

1、1. XML參考答案：<?xml version= ” 1.0 ” encoding= ” gb2312” ?><poem><title> 靜夜思 </title><author> 李白 </author><content><line>床前明月光</line><line>疑是地上霜</line><line>舉頭望明月</line><line>低頭思故鄉(xiāng)</line></c ontent></poem

2、>2. 判斷下列元素的內(nèi)容是否合法<data>&</data>錯(cuò)<data>/</data>對(duì)<data>/></data>對(duì)<data><</data>錯(cuò)<data>></data>錯(cuò)3. /錯(cuò)誤兀素中不允許使用>4. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><teams><team><teamid>1</t

3、eamid><teamname> 北京 xx</teamname></team><team><teamid>2</teamid><teamname> 大連 yy</teamname></team><team><teamid>3</teamid><teamname> 上海 zz</teamname></team></teams>5. XML文件的分類：無效的XML文檔、格式良好的 XML文檔、有效的

4、XML文檔6. XML文件的邏輯構(gòu)成，并簡(jiǎn)述各部分內(nèi)容邏輯構(gòu)成包括：（1） XML必要聲明（2） DTD聲明（3） Pl（處理指令）（4）元素（5）注釋1）XML必要聲明語法：<?>位置：必須位于第一行可以包含的屬性及含義version 必須的 XML 版本 1.0|1.1encoding 可選的編碼方式standalone 可選的XML文檔是否獨(dú)立yes|no 2)DTD聲明語法：VDOCTYPE .>內(nèi)置的DTD聲明1) PI語法：<?>位置：通常位于第一個(gè)元素之前 如果需要使用的時(shí)候給出，否則不寫PI vs xml必要聲明的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)？(1)位置(2 )

5、出現(xiàn)次數(shù)(3)作用4)注釋語法：<!->需要注意的問題：1) 不能位于必要聲明之前2) 不能嵌套在標(biāo)記中3) 本身不能嵌套4) 中間內(nèi)容不能出現(xiàn)-5) 不能以->5)元素分類：空元素、帶屬性的、帶內(nèi)容的、帶內(nèi)容且?guī)傩缘牧?xí)題2答案1. 分為3種方式：1）內(nèi)部DTD VDOCTYPE根元素名稱元素描述>2） 外部DTD:外部 DTD的引用須事先已有一個(gè) dtd文件，將DTD的約束寫到文件中，然后在XML文 檔中按以下語法格式添加：VDOCTYPE （根元素名稱）SYSTEM “外部 DTD的 URL地址” >SYSTEMS鍵字表示文檔使用的是私有 DTD文件，“外部

6、DTD文件的URI”可以是相對(duì) URI或者 絕對(duì)URI，相對(duì)URI是相對(duì)于文檔類型聲明所在文檔的位置。“外部DTD文件的URI”這部分也被稱為系統(tǒng)標(biāo)識(shí)符（system identifier ）。3）公用DTD:公用DTD與外部DTD類似，但是該 DTD引用公用的DTD的語法格式如下：VDOCTYPE （根元素名稱）PUBLIC “ DTD的標(biāo)識(shí)名”“公用DTD的 URL地址” >2. DTD劃分的元素類型及其含義兀素類型含義EMPTY空兀素，即該兀素不包括任何內(nèi)容(#PCDATA)字符串類型，即該兀素內(nèi)容中可以為任意字符 串ANY任意類型，即該兀素內(nèi)容任意無限制子元素子兀素類型，即該兀素

7、嵌套子兀素混合類型混合內(nèi)容類型，即該兀素內(nèi)部即包含字符串又 包含子元素3.屬性類型及其含義屬性類型說明CDATA單純的字符數(shù)據(jù)，大部分屬性都設(shè)置為該類型ID具有唯一性的屬性值，需要注意的是該屬性值必須以字母開頭IDREF引用其它ID屬性的值，該值必須在其它ID屬性中存在IDREFS引用多個(gè)其它ID屬性的值，中間使用空格間隔ENTITY未解析的外部實(shí)體類型，ENTITIES多個(gè)未解析的外部實(shí)體類型，中間使用空格間隔NMTOKEN是Name Token,就是關(guān)鍵字的名字?？梢园帜?、數(shù)字、.、-、:組合的名字NMTOKENS多個(gè)NMTOKEN中間使用空格間隔NOTATION標(biāo)記名稱Enu mer

8、ated枚舉類型的屬性，只能從已有的屬性中選取，不能填入新項(xiàng)目1.VENTITY medium "中等"> &big;5.<?xml versio n="1.0" en codi ng="UTF-8"?>VDOCTYPE TVSCHEDULE<!ELEMENT TVSCHEDULE (CHANNEL*)<!ELEMENT CHANNEL (BANNER,DAY+)>VELEMENT BANNER (#PCDATA)>VELEMENT DAY (DATE,HOLIDAY?,PROGRAM

9、SLOT?)><!ELEMENT DATE (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT HOLIDAY (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT PROGRAMSLOT (TIME,TITLE,DESCRIPTION?)><!ELEMENT TIME (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT TITLE (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT DESCRIPTION (#PCDATA)><!ATTLIST TVSCHEDULE NAME CDATA #IMPLIED><!ATTLIST CHANNEL CH

10、AN CDATA #REQUIRED><!ATTLIST PROGRAMSLOT VTR CDATA #IMPLIED><!ATTLIST TITLERATING CDATA #IMPLIEDLANGUAGE CDATA #IMPLIED><!ENTITY copyright "XXXXXXX">><TVSCHEDULE NAME=" name"<CHANNEL CHAN="01"><BANNER>BANNERC onten t</BANNER>

11、 <DAY><DATE>1990-10-10</DATE><HOLIDAY>11</HOLIDAY></DAY> </CHANNEL><CHANNEL CHAN="02"><BANNER>111</BANNER><DAY><DATE>1990-10-10</DATE><PROGRAMSLOT VTR=" net"><TIME>12:00</TIME><TITL

12、E RATING="rat" LANGUAGE="zh">title name</TITLE></PROGRAMSLOT></DAY><DAY><DATE>1990-10-10</DATE> <HOLIDAY>11</HOLIDAY><PROGRAMSLOT> <TIME>12:00</TIME> <TITLE>title name</TITLE> <DESCRIPTIO N>&am

13、p;copyright;</DESCRIPTION> </PROGRAMSLOT></DAY></CHANNEL></TVSCHEDULE>6.答案 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE CATALOG <!ENTITY AUTHOR "John Doe"><!ENTITY COMPANY "JD Power Tools, I nc."><!ELEME

14、NT CATALOG (PRODUCT+)><!ELEMENT PRODUCT(SPECIFICATIONS+,OPTIONS?,PRICE+,NOTES?)><!ATTLIST PRODUCTNAME CDATA #IMPLIEDCATEGORY (Ha ndTool|Table|Shop-Professio nal) "Ha ndTool"PARTNUM CDATA #IMPLIEDPLANT (Pittsburgh|Milwaukee|Chicago) "Chicago"INVENTORY (In Stock|Backord

15、ered|Disco ntin ued) "In Stock"><!ELEMENT SPECIFICATIONS (#PCDATA)><!ATTLIST SPECIFICATIONSWEIGHT CDATA #IMPLIEDPOWER CDATA #IMPLIED><!ELEMENT OPTIONS (#PCDATA)><!ATTLIST OPTIONSFINISH (Metal|Polished|Matte) "Matte"ADAPTER (In cluded|Optio nal|NotApplicabl

16、e) "In cluded"CASE (HardShell|Soft|NotApplicable) "HardShell"><!ELEMENT PRICE (#PCDATA)><!ATTLIST PRICEMSRP CDATA #IMPLIEDWHOLESALE CDATA #IMPLIEDSTREET CDATA #IMPLIEDSHIPPING CDATA #IMPLIED><!ELEMENT NOTES (#PCDATA)>><CATALOG><PRODUCT NAME="

17、sss" CATEGORY="Table" PARTNUM="xxx" PLANT="Milwaukee"INVENTORY="Backordered"><SPECIFICATIONS WEIGHT="100" POWER="eee"> &COMPANY;</SPECIFICATIONS><OPTIONS>ddd</OPTIONS><PRICE MSRP="ss" SHIPPIN

18、G="ss" STREET="ss" WHOLESALE="eee">ddd</PRICE><NOTES></NOTES></PRODUCT><PRODUCT><SPECIFICATIONS></SPECIFICATIONS><PRICE></PRICE></PRODUCT></CATALOG>習(xí)題3答案1. <?xml versio n="1.0" en codi ng=

19、"UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE class <!ELEMENT class (aa:major,stude nts) *><!ELEMENT aa:major (aa: name)*<!ELEMENT aa:n ame (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT stude nts (bb:stude nt)*>VELEMENT bb:stude nt (bb: name+,bb:age+)>VELEMENT bb: name (#PCDATA)>VELEMENT bb:age (#PCDATA)>V

20、ATTLIST class xml ns:aa CDATA #REQUIREDxml ns:bb CDATA #REQUIREDxml ns CDATA #REQUIRED><!ATTLIST bb:stude ntsn CDATA #REQUIRED>><aa:major><aa:name>軟件工程 </aa:name></aa:major><stude nts><bb:stude nt sn="01"><bb:name>張三 </bb:name><

21、;bb:age>18</bb:age></bb:stude nt><bb:stude nt sn="02"><bb:name>李四 </bb:name><bb:age>120</bb:age></bb:stude nt></stude nts></class>2. <?xml versio n="1.0" en codi ng="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE library <!

22、ELEMENT library (books,records)*><!ELEMENT books (book*)><!ELEMENT book (#PCDATA)><!ATTLIST book aa:bookid CDATA #REQUIRED><!ELEMENT records (item*)><!ELEMENT item (date+,perso n+)><!ELEMENT date (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT person (#PCDATA)><!ATTLIST person bb

23、: name CDATA #REQUIRED><!ATTLIST person borrowed CDATA #REQUIRED><!ATTLIST library xml ns:aa CDATA #REQUIREDxml ns:bb CDATA #REQUIRED>><books><book aa:bookid="b-1-1">XML 詳解 </book></book><book aa:bookid="b-1-2">Servlet從入門到精通<book

24、 aa:bookid="b-1-3">JSP實(shí)例編程 </book></books><records><item><date>2012-08-01</date>vperson bb:name="張三"borrowed="b-1-1 b-1-2"/> </item><item><date>2012-08-02</date><person bb:name="李四"borrowed=&

25、quot;b-1-1 b-1-3"/> </item></records></library>習(xí)題4答案1.<?xml versio n="1.0" encodin g="UTF-8"?><xs:element name="學(xué)生名冊(cè)"><xs:complexType><xs:seque nee minO ccurs="1" maxOccurs="unboun ded"> <xs:elemen

26、t name=" 學(xué)生"type="studenttype"/> </xs:seque nce></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt><xs:complexType n ame="stude nttype"><xs:seque nce><xs:element name=" 姓名"type="xs:string"/><xs:element name=" 性另U ">

27、<xs:simpleType><xs:restrictio n base="xs:stri ng"><xs:enumeration value="男"/><xs:e nu meratio n value="女"/></xs:restrictio n></xs:simpleType></xs:eleme nt><xs:element name=" 年齡"><xs:simpleType><xs:restri

28、ctio n base="xs:i nteger"> <xs: min Exclusive value="0"/> <xs:maxExclusive value="100"/></xs:restrictio n></xs:simpleType></xs:eleme nt></xs:seque nce><xs:attribute n ame="學(xué)號(hào)"type="xs:i nteger"/></xs:co

29、mplexType></xs:schema>2. <?xml versio n="1.0" en codi ng="UTF-8"?><xs:simpleType n ame="booklDType"><xs:restrictio n base="xs:stri ng"><xs:pattern value="b-d1-d1"/> </xs:restrict ion></xs:simpleType><xs

30、:eleme nt n ame="book"><xs:complexType><xs:simpleC ontent><xs:exte nsion base="xs:stri ng"><xs:attribute n ame="bookid" type="booklDType"></xs:attribute></xs:exte nsion></xs:simpleC ontent></xs:complexType><

31、;/xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt n ame="books"><xs:complexType><xs:seque nee maxOccurs="unboun ded"><xs:eleme nt ref="book"></xs:eleme nt></xs:seque nce></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt n ame="pers on"

32、 n illable="true"><xs:complexType ><xs:simpleC ontent><xs:exte nsion base="xs:stri ng"><xs:attribute n ame="n ame" type="xs:stri ng"></xs:attribute><xs:attribute n ame="borrowed"><xs:simpleType><xs:list

33、 itemType="bookIDType"> </xs:list></xs:simpleType></xs:attribute></xs:exte nsion></xs:simpleC ontent></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt n ame="item"><xs:complexType><xs:seque nce><xs:eleme nt n ame="d

34、ate" type="xs:date"></xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt ref="pers on "></xs:eleme nt></xs:seque nce></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt n ame="records"><xs:complexType><xs:seque nee maxOccurs="unboun ded&quo

35、t;><xs:eleme nt ref="item"></xs:eleme nt></xs:seque nce></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt> <xs:eleme nt n ame="library"> <xs:complexType> <xs:seque nce> <xs:eleme nt ref="books"> </xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt r

36、ef="records"></xs:eleme nt></xs:seque nce></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt></xs:schema>習(xí)題5答案1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xs:eleme nt n ame="welcome-file-list"><xs:complexType><xs:seque nce><

37、;xs:eleme nt n ame="welcome-file" minO ccurs="1" maxOccurs="u nboun ded"/></xs:seque nce></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt n ame="servlet"><xs:complexType><xs:seque nce><xs:element name="description"

38、; type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"></xs:eleme nt><xs:element name="display-name" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"></xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt n ame="servlet -n ame" type=&qu

39、ot;xs:stri ng" minO ccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"></xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt n ame="servlet-class" type="xs:stri ng" mi nO ccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"></xs:eleme nt></xs:seque nce></xs:complexType></xs:eleme n

40、t><xs:eleme nt n ame="servlet-mappi ng"><xs:complexType><xs:seque nce><xs:eleme nt n ame="servlet -n ame" type="xs:stri ng" minO ccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"></xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt n ame="url-pattern" min

41、Occurs="1" maxOccurs="1"> <xs:simpleType><xs:restrictio n base="xs:stri ng"><xs:pattern value="/a-zA-Z/.+"/></xs:restrictio n></xs:simpleType></xs:eleme nt></xs:seque nce></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt>&

42、lt;xs:eleme nt n ame="liste ner"><xs:complexType><xs:seque nce><xs:eleme nt n ame="liste ner-class" type="xs:stri ng"/></xs:seque nce></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt><xs:eleme nt n ame="web-app"><xs:complexType>

43、;<xs:seque nce><xs:eleme nt n ame="display-n ame" type="xs:stri ng" minO ccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"></xs:eleme nt><xs:element ref="welcome-file-list"/><xs:choice minO ccurs="1" maxOccurs="u nboun ded">&l

44、t;xs:eleme nt ref="servlet"/><xs:eleme nt ref="servlet-mappi ng"/><xs:element ref="listener"/></xs:choice></xs:seque nce><xs:attribute n ame="id" type="xs:stri ng"/><xs:attribute n ame="vers ion"><x

45、s:simpleType><xs:restrictio n base="xs:float"><xs:e nu merati on value="2.5"></xs:e nu meratio n> <xs:e nu merati on value="2.4"></xs:e nu meratio n> <xs:e nu merati on value="2.3"></xs:e nu meratio n> </xs:restr

46、ictio n></xs:simpleType></xs:attribute></xs:complexType></xs:eleme nt></xs:schema>習(xí)題11答案1. css:級(jí)聯(lián)式樣式表、XSL:可擴(kuò)展樣式單語言。2. 引入外部 CSS樣式表：<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="文件名.css"?>1. 如何區(qū)分XPath的根路徑與相對(duì)路徑? 是否以“/”開頭2. Xpath的軸有哪些selfchildpare ntde

47、scendantdesce ndan t-or-selfan cestoran cestor-or-self followi ng followi ng-sibli ng preced ing preced in g-sibli ng attributen amespace3. 請(qǐng)寫出如下路徑所對(duì)應(yīng)的簡(jiǎn)化路徑:1) child:rootroot2) self: node()/root./root3) desce ndan t-or-self:id/id4) /idpositio n()=1id14. 現(xiàn)有XML文檔<stude nts><student id= "”

48、 ><n ame>小王 </n ame></stude nt><student id= "” ><n ame>小張 </n ame></stude nt></stude nts>/studen ts/stude nt2/n ame/text()<student>的個(gè)數(shù)coun t(/stude nts/stude nt)1) /students/student1/id2) 讀取：小張這個(gè)元素的內(nèi)容3) 獲得sutdents 元素下子元素1. D 2. C 3.B4.<

49、;?xml versio n="1.0" en codi ng="UTF-8"?><xsl:output method="html" en codi ng="GB2312" i nden t="yes" doctype-system="-/W3C/DTDHTML 4.0.1 Tran siti on al/EN"<xsl:template match="/"><html><head><title>

50、 成績(jī)統(tǒng)計(jì)表</title></head><body><table border="1"><tbody><tr><th> 姓名 </th><th>Java 成績(jī) </th><th>Oracle 成績(jī) </th><th>UML 成績(jī) </th></tr><xsl:apply-templates/></tbody></table></body></

51、html></xsl:template><xsl:template match="stude nts"><xsl:for-each select="stude nt"><xsl:sort select="sum(./*positi on() >1)" order="desce ndi ng"/><tr><td><xsl:value-of select="n ame"></xsl:value-of

52、></td><td><xsl:apply-templates select="java"/></td><td><xsl:apply-templates select="oracle"/></td><td><xsl:value-of select="uml"></xsl:value-of></td></tr></xsl:for-each></xsl:template>

53、;</xsl:stylesheet>1. Documant、Node、Nodelist 、NameNodeMap2. package dom;import java.io.*;public class TypeDoc public static void main( Stri ng args)Docume ntBuilderFactory bdf = Docume ntBuilderFactory .newln sta nce(); try Docume ntBuilder db =bdf. newDocume ntBuilder();Docume nt doc = db.n ew

54、Docume nt();Eleme nt eltStu = doc.createEleme nt("stude nt");Eleme nt eltName =doc.createEleme nt(” name");Eleme nt eltAge = doc.createEleme nt("age");Text txtName = doc.createTextNode("T in a");Text txtAge = doc.createTextNode("12");eltName.appe ndChild(

55、txtName);eltAge.appe ndChild(txtAge);eltStu.appe ndChild(eltName);eltStu.appe ndChild(eltAge);eltStu.setAttribute("s n", "2");doc.appe ndChild(eltStu);Tran sformerFactory tff = Tran sformerFactory .newln sta nce();Tran sformer tf = tff.n ewTra nsformer();tf.setOutputProperty(&quo

56、t;e ncodi ng","utf-8");DOMSource source =new DOMSource(doc);StreamResult result = new StreamResult( new File("test.xml"); tf.tra nsform(source, result); catch (ParserC on figuratio nExcepti on e) / TODO Auto-ge nerated catch blocke.pri ntStackTrace(); catch (Tra nsformerC on

57、 figurati on Exceptio n e) / TODO Auto-ge nerated catch blocke.pri ntStackTrace(); catch (Tra nsformerExceptio n e) / TODO Auto-ge nerated catch blocke.pri ntStackTrace();1. C2. ABDefaultReader.java 代碼 package exe;public class DefaultReader exte nds DefaultHa ndlerprivate ArrayList<Double> jav

58、a=new ArrayList<Double>();private ArrayList<Double> xml=new ArrayList<Double>();private Stack<Stri ng> stack = new Stack<Stri ng>();Overridepublic void en dDocume nt() throws SAXExcepti on double alljava = 0;double allxml = 0;for(Double temp :java) alljava+=temp;for(Dou

59、ble temp :xml) allxml+=temp;double avgjava = alljava/java.size(); double avgxml = allxml/xml.size();Overridepublic void startEleme nt(Stri ng uri, Stri ng localName, Stri ng qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException stack.push(qName);Overridepublic void en dEleme nt(Stri ng uri, Stri ng loca

60、lName, Stri ng qName) throws SAXException stack.pop();Overridepublic void characters(char ch, int start, int len gth)throws SAXException String tag = stack.peek();if("java".equals(tag) java.add(Double.parseDouble( new Strin g(ch,start,le ngth);else if("xml".equals(tag) xml.add(Do

61、uble.parseDouble( new Strin g(ch,start,le ngth);習(xí)題11答案public class Test public static void main( Stri ng args) try XMLReader reader = XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader(); reader.setC onten tHa ndler( new DefaultReader(); reader.parse( new In putSource("stude nts.xml"); catch (SAXException e

62、) catch (IOExceptio n e) 1. 使用JDOM實(shí)現(xiàn)文件的修改public class JDOMExe public static void main( Stri ng args) /讀取XML文檔SAXBuilder saxBuilder = new SAXBuilder();try Docume nt doc = saxBuilder.build( new File("exebefore.xml");Eleme nt root = doc.getRootEleme nt();/修改XML文檔/增加元素Eleme nt eltdescripti on

63、= new Eleme nt("descripti on"); eltdescriptio n. setText(”一款復(fù)古又時(shí)尚的新概念皮鞋");root.addC onten t(eltdescripti on);/修改學(xué)生信息Eleme nt eltprice = root.getChild("price");eltprice.setText("300");/輸出XML文檔XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter();/格式化輸出Format fmt = Format.getPrettyF

64、ormat();fmt.setE ncodi ng("gb2312");fmt.setI nde nt(” ");out.setFormat(fmt);try out.output(doc, new FileOutputStream("exeafter.xml"); catch (IOExcepti on e) / TODO Auto-ge nerated catch blocke.pri ntStackTrace(); catch (JDOMException | IOException e) / TODO Auto-ge nerated catch blocke.pri ntStackTrace();2. 使用DOM4實(shí)現(xiàn)文件的修改public class Dom4j