創(chuàng)新大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3_U1_Sentence（課堂PPT）

1、1Unit OneSentence StudyuYet we continue to hold the cherished belief that competition (not cooperation), to paraphrase Sigmund Freud, “is the royal road to success”. (Para.2)If competition actually makes our “beast characteristics” clear, research shows that cooperation surely causes our “best” qual

2、ities to be seen.如果競(jìng)爭(zhēng)確實(shí)凸顯我們的如果競(jìng)爭(zhēng)確實(shí)凸顯我們的“獸性獸性”，那研究表明，合作，那研究表明，合作會(huì)凸顯我們的會(huì)凸顯我們的“人性人性”。uIf in fact competition brings out the “beast” in us, then research demonstrates that cooperation surely brings out the “best” in us. (Para.3)If competition actually makes our “beast characteristics” clear, research sh

3、ows that cooperation surely causes our “best” qualities to be seen.如果競(jìng)爭(zhēng)確實(shí)凸顯我們的如果競(jìng)爭(zhēng)確實(shí)凸顯我們的“獸性獸性”，那研究表明，合作，那研究表明，合作會(huì)凸顯我們的會(huì)凸顯我們的“人性人性”。uNot only does it create a more fluid leadership, but it allows everyone to participate actively without fear of censure. (Para. 4)With cooperation, leadership would be

4、come more flexible, and everyone would play a more active role without fear of criticism.它不僅令領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式更為靈活，而且讓每個(gè)人毫無(wú)顧慮地它不僅令領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式更為靈活，而且讓每個(gè)人毫無(wú)顧慮地積極參與其中。積極參與其中。 Notice the inverted word order in the structure of “not only but (also)”. e.g. Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend. Not only is she p

5、retty but also kindhearted. Not only did I hear about it, but I saw it.uA fascinating study conducted by the Cooperative Learning Center took a statistical look at competitive hockey players. (Para.5)The Cooperative Learning Center launched a very interesting statistical research on competitive hock

6、ey players.“conducted”為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾“study”。句子。句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“took a look at”?！昂献鲗W(xué)習(xí)中心合作學(xué)習(xí)中心”開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)有趣的調(diào)查，對(duì)愛(ài)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的冰開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)有趣的調(diào)查，對(duì)愛(ài)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的冰球運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。球運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 uThe Center evaluated 57 collegiate and semiprofessional ice-hockey players (aged 18-29 years) trying out for the 1980 Olympic team. (Para. 5)T

7、he Center made an assessment of 57 collegiate and semiprofessional ice-hockey players (aged 18-29) who were candidates to be chosen as players for the 1980 Olympics.中心評(píng)估了中心評(píng)估了57名參加名參加1980年奧運(yùn)選拔賽的高校和半職業(yè)年奧運(yùn)選拔賽的高校和半職業(yè)冰球運(yùn)動(dòng)員（年齡從冰球運(yùn)動(dòng)員（年齡從18至至29歲不等）。歲不等）?！皌rying out for”為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾句子的賓語(yǔ)為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾句子的賓語(yǔ)“play

8、ers”。uUsing sophisticated personality measures and a social-interaction scale, the researchers found that cooperation does much more than help people get along. (Para. 5)Through sophisticated measuring of personality and social-interaction, the researchers found that cooperation can bring many benef

9、its besides helping people get along.通過(guò)復(fù)雜的個(gè)性測(cè)量方法和社會(huì)交往量表，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)復(fù)雜的個(gè)性測(cè)量方法和社會(huì)交往量表，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，合作遠(yuǎn)不僅是有助人們?nèi)谇⑾嗵?。合作遠(yuǎn)不僅是有助人們?nèi)谇⑾嗵??！皍sing”為現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是為現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是“the researchers found ”。uIn this study, the more cooperative i n d i v i d u a l s w e r e b e t t e r a d j u s t e d psychologically

10、and physically healthier than their more competitive colleagues. (Para. 6)In this study, the more cooperative individuals could adapt better psychologically and were physically healthier compared with the more competitive ones.在這項(xiàng)研究中，更善于合作的成員在心理適應(yīng)和生理健在這項(xiàng)研究中，更善于合作的成員在心理適應(yīng)和生理健康方面都優(yōu)于他們更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的同事?？捣矫娑純?yōu)于他

11、們更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的同事?！?were better and healthier than” 是比較級(jí)是比較級(jí)句型，也是句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)。句型，也是句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)。uIt seems that competition, or the constant feeling that you have to work against something, has unhealthy physical side effects. (Para. 6)Competition, or the feeling that you have to keep fighting against something, can

12、bring unexpected bad effects on your health.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是你對(duì)某些事物持續(xù)對(duì)抗的情緒，它似乎會(huì)給健康競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是你對(duì)某些事物持續(xù)對(duì)抗的情緒，它似乎會(huì)給健康帶來(lái)副作用。帶來(lái)副作用。uIn the case of cooperation, as psychologists point out, too much can lead to “group-think,” “yes-man syndrome,” or inappropriate conformity. (Para. 7)In terms of cooperation, psychologists note t

13、hat too much of it can make people obey the rules of the group without careful consideration or people can always accept the ideas of the group and say “yes ” to anybody.就合作而言，心理學(xué)家指出，太多合作會(huì)導(dǎo)致就合作而言，心理學(xué)家指出，太多合作會(huì)導(dǎo)致“群體思群體思維維”、“人云亦云人云亦云”或盲目跟風(fēng)?；蛎つ扛L(fēng)。 “Group-think” refers to the phenomenon that people obey

14、the groups rules inappropriately.“Yes-man syndrome” refers to the behavior of always saying “yes” to others.uAlthough theres no doubt that a cooperative environment increases the number of ideas, improves the quality of the outcome, and facilitates a better working environment, cooperation must be d

15、one in such a way as to protect the integrity of the project at hand. (Para.7)It is certain that a cooperative environment is better for increasing the number of ideas, improving the quality of the outcome, and facilitating a better working environment, but the cooperation should be carried out so a

16、s to protect the completeness and purpose of the present project.盡管合作的氛圍無(wú)疑能集思廣益，優(yōu)化成果，改善工作環(huán)盡管合作的氛圍無(wú)疑能集思廣益，優(yōu)化成果，改善工作環(huán)境，但合作必須旨在完成當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目。境，但合作必須旨在完成當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目。uSimply put, cooperation is the rule, but objectivity must be maintained. (Para.7)To put it in a simple way, cooperation is the rule, but the standard of

17、 objectivity must be maintained.“put” in this sentence means “to express something using words”; for example, “to put it bluntly”, “to put it mildly” or “to put it another way”.簡(jiǎn)而言之，合作是規(guī)則，但得遵從客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。簡(jiǎn)而言之，合作是規(guī)則，但得遵從客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。 uRather than praising one person for a job well done, utilize a team approach to p

18、roblem solving. (Para.10)Instead of singling out one person for praise for a good job, adopt the view that the problem solving is done by a team.與其稱贊一個(gè)人的工作完成得漂亮，不如利用一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)與其稱贊一個(gè)人的工作完成得漂亮，不如利用一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。解決問(wèn)題。 uResearch supports the fact that individuals who have witnessed a cooperative act will “pass it on,” sharing some degree of cooperation with the next person they meet. (Par.11)Research shows that, if people have seen, or been part of, a cooperative act, they will contin