linux,Android基礎知識總結

1、linux， android基礎知識總結1. android編譯系統(tǒng)分析2. 文件系統(tǒng)分析3. 制作交叉工具鏈4. 軟件編譯常識5. 設置模塊流程分析6. linux系統(tǒng)啟動流程分析7. linux下 svn 使用指南8. lfs相關9. linux內核的初步理解android 系統(tǒng)開發(fā)指南（常用環(huán)境的搭建和使用） 說明 :有的步驟會用到腳本簡化操作，腳本通過svn 服務器獲?。簊vn co svn:/48/smartphone/td0901/release/images/scripts用戶名為各位的姓名拼音，密碼與用戶名相同一編譯 android 源碼，制作文件系統(tǒng)二u

2、buntu 下燒錄內核和文件系統(tǒng)一編譯 android 源碼，制作文件系統(tǒng)1. 開發(fā)主線源碼位置：svn:/48/smartphone/td0901/trunk/cupcake-jianping/cupcake 源代碼svn:/48/smartphone/td0901/trunk/linux-2.6.28-a1/內核源代碼2. 打標的源代碼位置svn list svn:/48/smartphone/td0901/tag我們可以通過svn listsvn:/48/smartphone查看 svn 版本庫內核更

3、多信息請參卡以下文檔：48/svn/smartphone/48/svn/smartphone/ 智能平臺開發(fā)部資料管理手冊v1.0.doc 48/svn/smartphone/linux下 svn 操作指南及規(guī)范 .doc用戶名為各位的姓名拼音，密碼與用戶名相同3. 編譯源碼進入 cupcake 工作拷貝的頂層目錄，執(zhí)行：. ./make_image15.sh部分執(zhí)行結果：out/target/product/littleton/root/內核需要使用的initramfs out/target

4、/product/littleton/system文件系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)分區(qū)out/target/product/littleton/data/文件系統(tǒng)數據分區(qū)4. 編譯內核此處內核編譯主要針對驅動組之外的同事1> 設置工具鏈內核的 linux-2.6.28-a1/makefile中設定了：cross_compile?= arm-linux-所以設置 path 環(huán)境變量，保證能找到正確的工具鏈假設工具鏈位于：/usr/local/marvell-arm-linux-4.1.1/設置為：export path:=/usr/local/marvell-arm-linux-4.1.1/bin/:$pa

5、th2> 更改編譯選項（網絡啟動或者本機啟動） 內核頂層目錄執(zhí)行：make menuconfig general setup->* initial ram filesystem and ram disk (initramfs/initrd)support ()initramfs source file(s) (new)如果需要支持網絡啟動反選 initial ram filesystem and ram disk (initramfs/initrd)support如果需要支持本地啟動選中* initial ram filesystem and ram disk (initramfs

6、/initrd)support設置 ()initramfs source file(s) (new)為 root拷貝cupcake 編譯結果out/target/product/littleton/root/到內核頂層目錄3> 編譯內核頂層目錄執(zhí)行make zimage 編 譯 好 的 內 核 ： arch/arm/boot/zimage5. 搭建網絡開發(fā)環(huán)境1>安裝 nfs 服務器sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common2> 修改 nfs 服務器配置文件 /etc/exports ，確保有以下配置項/nfsroot/

7、rootfs *(rw,no_root_squash,sync)我們在內核中已經固定，手機通過網絡方式啟動，默認從/nfsroot/rootfs讀取文件系統(tǒng)，修改配置項后需要重啟nfs 服務器：sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-serverrestart 3> 配置網絡根文件系統(tǒng)拷貝out/target/product/littleton/root/內容到/nfsroot/rootfs目錄拷貝out/target/product/littleton/system內容到/nfsroot/rootfs/system修改/nfsroot/rootfs/init.rc去掉幾

8、個 mount 命令為了使大家的過程，結果統(tǒng)一，可以使用腳本mkfs.cupcake 完成在執(zhí)行 mkfs.cupcake.nfs腳本前先到cupcake-jianping目錄下執(zhí)行 :. ./make_env15.sh 設置環(huán)境變量 ,獲取通過手動輸入android 源碼的位置，讓腳本來設置環(huán)境變量。二ubuntu 下燒錄內核和文件系統(tǒng)1. 硬件： 手機一臺usb 轉串口線一根usb 轉網卡線一根2. 軟件環(huán)境1> tftp服務器執(zhí)行腳本： setup_tftpd.sh 安裝和配置 tftp 服務器，我們默認以/tftpboot為 tftp 服務器的根目錄，需要下載的文件都放在該目錄下

9、。2> 獲取待燒錄的鏡像文件svn list svn:/48/smartphone/td0901/release/images查看服務器上的版本情況，通常我們下載最新的,例如，下載 9 月 18 號發(fā)布的版本：svn co svn:/48/smartphone/td0901/release/images/images200909183> 燒錄鏡像文件用以下文件為例，示范通過tftp 燒寫內核和文件系統(tǒng)內核zimage0917系統(tǒng)分區(qū)： system0918.img數據分區(qū)data0918.img待燒寫的以上文件必須存在于tftp 服務器根

10、目錄 /tftpboot 下。具體步驟：首先連接好硬件設備進入blob 下載模式1> blob 起來后按任意鍵processing obm parameters.can't detect micco. set pmic as normal i2c mode.nandflash(manu=0x98 device=0xba) detected!slot 0 foundget relocation tablefound main bad block table at address 0x0f000000, version 0x01 found mirror bad block tabl

11、e at address 0x0efc0000, version 0x01consider yourself blobed!blob version 2.0.5-pre3 for marvell littletoncopyright (c) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 jan-derk bakker and erik mouwblob comes with absolutelyno warranty;read the gnu gpl for details.this is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute

12、 it under certain conditions; read the gnu gpl for details. length not align with page size, change to 0x0read flash from 0x60000, length 0x0doneautoboot (2 seconds) in progress, press any key to stop . autoboot abortedtype "help" to get a list of commands blob>2> 通過 tftp下載內核到 pc 內存

13、0x80800000地址處blob> tftp zimage0917 begin init ether usbnet!*plug-in usb cable & config usbdnet now * exit check_usb_connection:1tftping zimage0917*ok. received 6144 blocks (3145156 bytes)tftp_cmd: file 'zimage0917' loaded via tftp to address 0x80800000.3> 擦除原來的內核分區(qū)，0x100000 為分區(qū)起始地址

14、， 0x300000 為分區(qū)長度blob> nanderase-z 0x100000 0x400000the current nandchip does not support block unlocking. erase 0x300000 length data from flash: 0x100000eraseflash from 0x100000, length 0x300000.done4> 燒寫內存 0x80800000開始 實際長度為3145156 的內核數據到起始地址為0x100000 的內核分區(qū)blob> nandwrite -z 0x80800000 0x1

15、00000 3145156the current nandchip does not support block unlocking.write 0x2ffdc4 length data from ram:0x80800000 to flash: 0x100000 write flash from 0x100000, length 0x2ffdc4eraseflash from 0x100000, length 0x300000.done.done5> 下載系統(tǒng)分區(qū)鏡像文件到pc 內存 0x80800000地址處blob> tftp system0918.imgtftping sy

16、stem0918.img*ok. received 113138 blocks (57925824 bytes)tftp_cmd: file 'system0918.img' loaded via tftp to address 0x80800000.6> 擦除原來的 flash 系統(tǒng)分區(qū)blob> nanderase-z 0x500000 0x4000000the current nandchip does not support block unlocking. erase 0x3e0f800 length data from flash: 0x400000er

17、aseflash from 0x400000, length 0x3e0f800.done7> 燒寫數據到 flash 系統(tǒng)分區(qū)blob> nandwrite -y 0x80800000 0x500000 57925824the current nandchip does not support block unlocking.write 0x373e0c0 length data from ram:0x80800000 to flash: 0x400000 write flash from 0x400000, length 0x3591800eraseflash from 0x4

18、00000, length 0x3591800.done.done8> 下載數據分區(qū)鏡像文件到pc 內存 0x80800000地址處blob> tftp data0918.imgtftping data0918.img*ok. received 33992 blocks (17402880 bytes)tftp_cmd: file 'data0918.img' loaded via tftp to address 0x80800000. blob>9> 擦除原來的 flash 數據分區(qū)blob> nanderase-z 0x4500000 0xbb

19、00000the current nandchip does not support block unlocking. erase 0xa81f000 length data from flash: 0x4400000 eraseflash from 0x4400000, length 0xa81f000.done10> 燒寫數據鏡像到 flash 數據分區(qū)blob> nandwrite -y 0x80800000 0x4500000 17402880 the current nandchip does not support block unlocking.write 0x109

20、8c00 length data from ram: 0x80800000 to flash: 0x4400000write flash from 0x4400000, length 0x1018000 eraseflash from 0x4400000, length 0x1018000.done.doneblob>flash 分區(qū)圖：*blob*kernel*system *data* nanderase-z 0x100000 0x400000 tftp zimagenandwrite -z 0x80800000 0x100000 <zimage-actual-length&g

21、t;燒寫 system.img：nanderase-z 0x500000 0x4000000 tftp system.imgnandwrite -y 0x80800000 0x500000 <system.img actual length>燒 寫 userdata.img ：nanderase-z 0x4500000 0xbb00000 tftp userdata.imgnandwrite -y 0x80800000 0x4500000 <userdata.img actual length>涉及的內容：svn 服務器的使用android 的編譯系統(tǒng)，原理，工具鏈，輔

22、助工具，參數等，環(huán)境變量，怎樣單獨添加編譯一個單獨的模塊等。android 的編譯結果：文件系統(tǒng)分析文件系統(tǒng)的使用，啟動流程設置模塊流程分析1. android 編譯系統(tǒng)分析編譯腳本及系統(tǒng)變量build/envsetup.sh 腳本分析在編譯源代碼之前通常需要在android 源代碼頂層目錄執(zhí)行./build/envsetup.sh目的是為了使用腳本 envsetup.sh 里面定義了一些函數：function help()function get_abs_build_var() function get_build_var() function check_product() functio

23、n check_variant() function setpaths()function printconfig()function set_stuff_for_environment() function set_sequence_number() function settitle()function choosetype() function chooseproduct() function choosevariant() function tapas()function choosecombo() function print_lunch_menu() function lunch(

24、)function gettop function m()function findmakefile() function mm() function mmm() function croot() function pid()function gdbclient() function jgrep() function cgrep() function resgrep()function getprebuilt function tracedmdump() function runhat() function getbugreports()function startviewserver() f

25、unction stopviewserver()function isviewserverstarted() function smoketest()function runtest()function runtest_py() function godir ()choosecombo 命令分析：function choosecombo()choosesim $1 echoechochoosetype $2echo echochooseproduct $3echo echochoosevariant $4echo set_stuff_for_environment printconfig會依次

26、進行如下選擇：build for the simulator or the device?1. device2. simulatorwhich would you like? 1build type choices are:1. release2. debugwhich would you like? 1product choices are:1. emulator2. generic3. sim4. littletonyou can also type the name of a product if you know it. which would you like? littletonv

27、ariant choices are:1. user2. userdebug3. engwhich would you like? eng user 默 認 選 擇 以 后 會 出 現 ： target_product=littleton target_build_variant=usertarget_simulator=falsetarget_build_type=release target_arch=arm host_arch=x86host_os=linux host_build_type=release build_id=function chooseproduct() 函數分析：c

28、hoices=(/bin/ls build/target/board/*/boardconfig.mkvendor/*/*/boardconfig.mk2> /dev/null)讀取 build/target/board/*目錄下的板配置文件：boardconfig.mk讀取 vendor/*/*/ 目錄下的板配置文件：boardconfig.mk choices 的 值 為 ： build/target/board/emulator/boardconfig.mk build/target/board/generic/boardconfig.mk build/target/board/s

29、im/boardconfig.mk vendor/marvell/littleton/boardconfig.mk經過：for choice in $choices do# the product name is the name of the directory containing # the makefile we found, dlist=($prodlistdirname $choice| xargs basename)done的處理， prodlist 的值為： emulator generic sim littleton 所以選擇菜單為：product choi

30、ces are:1. emulator2. generic3. sim4. littleton如果選擇4，那么 target_product被賦值為： littleton 。board_config_mk :=$(strip $(wildcard$(src_target_dir)/board/$(target_device)/boardconfig.mk vendor/*/$(target_device)/boardconfig.mk)怎樣添加一個模塊local_path:=$(call my-dir) #編譯靜態(tài)庫include $(clear_vars)local_module= libh

31、ellos local_cflags= $(l_cflags)local_src_files= hellos.clocal_c_includes= $(includes)local_shared_libraries:= libcutilslocal_copy_headers_to:= libhellos local_copy_headers:= hellos.h include $(build_static_library)#編譯動態(tài)庫include $(clear_vars) local_module= libhellod local_cflags= $(l_cflags)local_src

32、_files= hellod.c local_c_includes= $(includes)local_shared_libraries:= libcutils local_copy_headers_to:= libhellod local_copy_headers:= hellod.h include $(build_shared_library)build_test=trueifeq ($(build_test),true) #使用靜態(tài)庫include $(clear_vars) local_module:= hellos local_static_libraries:= libhello

33、slocal_shared_libraries:= local_ldlibs+= -ldl local_cflags:= $(l_cflags)local_src_files:= mains.c local_c_includes:= $(includes)include $(build_executable)#使用動態(tài)庫include $(clear_vars) local_module:= hellod local_module_tags:= debuglocal_shared_libraries:= libc libcutils libhellod local_ldlibs+= -ldll

34、ocal_cflags:= $(l_cflags)local_src_files:= maind.c local_c_includes:= $(includes)include $(build_executable)endif # ifeq ($(wpa_build_supplicant),true)#local_target_dir := $(target_out)/etc/wifi #include $(clear_vars) #local_module:= wpa_supplicant.conf #local_module_tags:= user #local_module_class:

35、= etc#local_module_path:= $(local_target_dir) #local_src_files:= $(local_module)#include $(build_prebuilt) #系統(tǒng)變量解析local_module 編譯的目標對象local_src_files 編譯的源文件local_c_includes 需要包含的頭文件目錄local_shared_libraries 鏈接時需要的外部庫local_prelink_module 是否需要 prelink 處理build_shared_library 指明要編譯成動態(tài)庫local_path- 編譯時的目錄$

36、(call 目錄，目錄 .) 目錄引入操作符如該目錄下有個文件夾名稱src，則可以這樣寫$(call src)，那么就會得到src 目錄的完整路徑include $(clear_vars)-清除之前的一些系統(tǒng)變量clear_vars:=$(build_system)/clear_vars.mk在 build/core/config.mk定義 clear_vars:=$(build_system)/clear_vars.mk通過 include包含自定義的 .mk 文件（即是自定義編譯規(guī)則）或是引用系統(tǒng)其他的.mk 文件（系統(tǒng)定義的編譯規(guī)則）。local_src_files 編譯的源文件可以是

37、.c, .cpp, .java, .s（匯編文件）或是.aidl 等格式不同的文件用空格隔開。如果編譯目錄子目錄，采用相對路徑，如子目錄/文件名。也可以通過$(call目錄)，指明編譯某目錄下所有 .c/.cpp/.java/.s/ .aidl 文件 .追加文件local_src_files+= 文件local_c_includes 需要包含的頭文件目錄可以是系統(tǒng)定義路徑，也可以是相對路徑. 如該編譯目錄下有個include 目錄，寫法是include/*.hlocal_shared_libraries 鏈接時需要的外部共享庫local_static_libraries 鏈接時需要的外部外部靜

38、態(tài)local_java_libraries加入 jar 包local_module 編譯的目標對象module 是指系統(tǒng)的 native code，通常針對 c,c+代碼./system/core/sh/android.mk:32:local_module:=sh./system/core/libcutils/android.mk:71:local_module:= libcutils./system/core/cpio/android.mk:9:local_module:= mkbootfs./system/core/mkbootimg/android.mk:8:local_module:=

39、 mkbootimg./system/core/toolbox/android.mk:61:local_module:=toolbox./system/core/logcat/android.mk:10:local_module:=logcat./system/core/adb/android.mk:65:local_module:= adb./system/core/adb/android.mk:125:local_module:= adbd./system/core/init/android.mk:20:local_module:=init./system/core/vold/androi

40、d.mk:24:local_module:=vold./system/core/mountd/android.mk:13:local_module:=mountdlocal_package_namejava 應用程序的名字用該變量定義./packages/apps/music/android.mk:9:local_package_name:= music./packages/apps/browser/android.mk:14:local_package_name:= browser./packages/apps/settings/android.mk:8:local_package_name

41、:= settings./packages/apps/stk/android.mk:10:local_package_name:= stk./packages/apps/contacts/android.mk:10:local_package_name:= contacts./packages/apps/mms/android.mk:8:local_package_name:= mms./packages/apps/camera/android.mk:8:local_package_name:= camera./packages/apps/phone/android.mk:11:local_p

42、ackage_name:= phone./packages/apps/voicedialer/android.mk:8:local_package_name:= voicedialerbuild_shared_library 指明要編譯成動態(tài)庫。編譯的目標，用 include操作符uild_static_library來指明要編譯成靜態(tài)庫。如果是 java 文件的話，會用到系統(tǒng)的編譯腳本host_java_library.mk ，用 build_package來指明。三個編譯include $(build_static_library)build_static_library:=$(build

43、_system)/static_library.mkinclude $(build_shared_library)./build/core/config.mk:50:build_shared_library:=$(build_system)/shared_library.mkinclude $(build_host_shared_library)build_host_shared_library:=$(build_system)/host_shared_library.mkinclude $(build_executable)build/core/config.mk:51:build_exec

44、utable:=$(build_system)/executable.mkinclude $(build_host_executable)./build/core/config.mk:53:build_host_executable:=$(build_system)/host_executable.mkbuild_host_java_library:=$(build_system)/host_java_library.mkbuild_java_library./build/core/config.mk:58:build_java_library:=$(build_system)/java_li

45、brary.mkbuild_static_java_library編譯靜態(tài) java 庫./build/core/config.mk:59:build_static_java_library:=$(build_system)/static_java_library.mkbuild_host_java_library編譯本機用的 java庫./build/core/config.mk:60:build_host_java_library:=$(build_system)/host_java_library.mkbuild_host_static_library:=$(build_system)/

46、host_static_library.mk build_host_shared_library:=$(build_system)/host_shared_library.mk build_static_library:=$(build_system)/static_library.mk build_raw_static_library:= $(build_system)/raw_static_library.mk build_shared_library:=$(build_system)/shared_library.mk build_executable:=$(build_system)/

47、executable.mkbuild_raw_executable:=$(build_system)/raw_executable.mk build_host_executable:=$(build_system)/host_executable.mk build_package:=$(build_system)/package.mk build_host_prebuilt:=$(build_system)/host_prebuilt.mk build_prebuilt:=$(build_system)/prebuilt.mk build_multi_prebuilt:=$(build_system)/multi_prebuilt.mk build_java_library:=$(build_system)/java_library.mk build_static_java_library:=$(build_system)/static_java_library.mk build_host_java_library:=$(build_system)/host_java_library.mk build_droiddoc:=$(build_system)/droiddoc.mk build_copy_headers:= $(build_s