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1、a 類圖表作文各個擊破(流程圖、柱圖、曲線圖、表格).5.2 表格4.5.2.1 解題關(guān)鍵f1 表格與餅圖一樣,都是靜態(tài)圖。切入點在描述分配;f2 表格題考查列舉數(shù)字的能力和方法。通過舉一些有代表性的數(shù)據(jù)來說明問題;f3 橫向比較。介紹橫向各個數(shù)據(jù)的區(qū)別、變化和趨勢;f4 縱向比較。介紹縱向各個數(shù)據(jù)的區(qū)別、變化和趨勢;f5 不需要將每一個數(shù)據(jù)分別說明,突出強調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)最大值和最小值;f6 對比時要總結(jié)出數(shù)據(jù)對比最懸殊的和最小的。4.5.2.2 表格舉例topic 4-4: the table below shows carbon dioxide emissions fromtransport in

2、 three european countries in 1994 and 2004 summarise theinformation by selecting and reporting the main features and makecomparisons where relevant(. 表格貼不上,大家看附件吧 _)范文the given table provides an overview ocfarbon dioxide emissions from four main transport sources (namely, road transport, railways, c

3、ivil aviation and shipping) in the united kingdom,france and germany in 1994 and 2004germany, although having higher emissions than either the united kingdom or france did,saw the amount decreaseslightly from 47.2 to46.7 million tonnesby comparison,france recorded an increase of four million tonnes

4、from 34.7 million in 1994 ,while the united kingdom had a smaller growth,2.5 million tonnes over the same period(縱向比較 三個國家 1994 到 2004 年間二氧化碳釋放量的整體趨勢變化。)in all the three countries, road transport was responsible for the majority of emissions(橫向?qū)λ膫€二氧化碳釋放源進行比較,點明最大釋放源) in the united kingdom,road trans

5、port produced emissionsup to 32.6 million tonnes in 2004,2 million more than ten years earlier, while other three transport sources did not show any remarkable growth(接著對三個國家的釋放源進行描述說明,說明從1994 年到 2004 年間的變化)a similar pattern was seen infrance,where roadtransport added 3.6 million tonnes to the total

6、 emissions within tenyearsgermany,by contrast,was the only country of the three to experience a drop in road transport emissions(比較德國和英國法國的 區(qū)別)other three transport sources had a lower emission volume as w,ellexcept civil aviation ,with the amount rising to 1.2 million (對其它二氧化碳釋放源進行描述,比較 10 年間的變化)as

7、 shown in the table, both uk and france failed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from transport sources during the period 1994 to 200,4in contrast to the decrease in germany road transport continued toaccount for the biggest source of emissions (237 words)topic 4-5: write a report for a university

8、lecturer, describing the information shown below you should write at least 150 words(表格貼不上,大家看附件吧 _)范文:the table provides information about the favored tourist destinations in the city of llorente of different age groups each figure for destinations shows the percentage of tourists who visited the d

9、estinations on their lastholidaythere are four age groups twenties,thirties, forties,and over50-year-old group(點明表格提供不同年齡段所喜歡的旅游地點的信息。)the most favored destination for all age groups was shopping centresthe percentage of tourists who visited there was more than 80 , and 95 of tourists of the forties

10、 group visited there. the percentages oftourists who vislted art galleries,zoos,and museums increased as the theage of tourists increased. for exampl,e only 21 of people in thetwenties visited art galleries, however, 81 of the oldest age group visited thereon the other hand, the percentages of touri

11、sts who visited nightclubs, discotheques,and cinemastheatres decreased as the age increasedfor example,87 of tourists in twenties visited discotheques, however,only 5 of the oldest age group did so.(按大家都喜歡的地點 老年人喜歡的地點 年輕人喜歡的地點這個邏輯順序進行描述; 用 on the other hand, for example 等連接詞來串聯(lián)句子。)to sum up,favored

12、destinations were different for each age grou,phowever,almost all tourists visited shopping centers (176 words)(總結(jié)得出結(jié)論。)4.5.2.3 表 格 常 用 詞 匯 noticeable trend 明顯趨勢pronounced adj. 明顯的significant changes一些較大變化rankn. vt. vi. 列為,排列,等級distributevt. 分布,區(qū)別unequallyadv. 不相等地average n. vt. vi. adj. 平 均correspo

13、nding adj. 相應的,通訊的represent vt. 闡述,表現(xiàn)overalladj. 總體上講in the case ofadv. 在.的情況下in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在.方面4.5.2.4 表格常用表達開頭概述1) the table shows (reveals,illustrates,demonstrates,depicts,describes, indicates).2) according to the table,.3) as (is) shown in the table,.4) as can be seen f

14、rom the table,.5) figuresstatistics show (that).6) it can be seen from the figuresstatistics that .7) it is clear from the figuresstatistics that.8) it is apparent from the figures statistics that.描述比例1) accounts for (takes up) 20 of all. 占總數(shù)的 20。2) on the top of the list is , which accounts for 70比

15、例最高的是,占 70。3) at the bottom of the list is, which takes up 20 only 比例最低的是,僅占 20。4) a ranks first,followed by b at 20 and c at 15 a 占比例最大,其次是 b 占 20及 c 占 15。5) the figure reached the highest lowest point in .數(shù)據(jù)在時候達到最高點 (最低點)。描述對比1) a has almost (nearlyabout) over a quarter (half twice one third)as ma

16、ny students as(as much money as) b.a 的學生數(shù)錢 (差不多)是 b 的四分之一一半兩倍三分之一 一樣。2) a has about (approximately exactly precisely) the samenumber (proportion amount) of students (money) as ba 和 b 的學生錢數(shù)量比例差不多正好一樣。3) a has something in common with b.a 與 b 有一些共同點。4) the difference between a and b lies in.a 與 b 的不同之

17、處在于。描述趨勢1) the number increased (/rose) suddenly ( dramatically rapidly substantiallyconsiderablysharply) fromto.數(shù)量從激增到。2) during 1990 to 2000,there was asudden (rapiddramatic substantialsharpconsiderable) rise ( boom) in the number of private cars fromto.1990 年到 2000 年間,私人汽車的數(shù)量從急劇增長到。3) the ten yea

18、rs from 1990 to 2000witnessed( /saw) a steady growth of private cars fromto.1990 年到 2000 年 10 年間,私人汽車的數(shù)量從穩(wěn)步增長到 。4) the number of private carsincreased(rose / felldropped declined decreased) by 20私人汽車數(shù)量增長了 (或:降低了 )20。5) the number of private cars in 2000 was 5 times more than that in 19902000 年私人汽車數(shù)量

19、是 1990 年的 5 倍。6) the number of private cars roughly (/approximately) doubled (tripled) between 1990 and 20001990 年到 2000 年間,私人汽車數(shù)量大約是原來的2 倍(3 倍)。結(jié)尾1) we can conclude from the table that.2) in short (in brief),.3) in conclusion,.4) to conclude, it seems clear that.5) from the tablediagram, we can see

20、.6) as can be seen from the chart tablediagram, .7) it is clear (/apparent) from the chart (/graph table) that.4.5.2.5 表格模板the table shows.(簡要介紹表中呈現(xiàn)的信息。 )according to the figures, as people age in someland, their social lives reduce teenagers and people in their twenties . people in their 30s, 40s,

21、50s and 60s .(general statemen,t 點明從數(shù)據(jù)中概括得出的一種趨勢。 )group and individual exercise follow a similar patternpeople of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time on entertainment. teenagers andretired people. for everybody else,.(general statemen,t 點明從數(shù)據(jù)中概括得出的另一種趨勢。)consequently,it can be conclude

22、d that there is a significant trend towards .4.5.3 曲線圖4.5.3.1 解題關(guān)鍵f1 曲線圖和柱狀圖都是動態(tài)圖,解題的切入點在于描述趨勢。f2 在第二段的開頭部分對整個曲線進行一個階段式的總分類, 使寫作層次清晰, 同時也方便考官閱卷。 接下來再分類描述每個階段的 specific trend,同時導入數(shù)據(jù)作為分類的依據(jù)。f3 趨勢說明。即,對曲線的連續(xù)變化進行說明,如上升、下降、波動、持平。以時間為比較基礎(chǔ)的應抓住 “變化”:上升、下降、或是波動。題中對兩個或兩個以上的變量進行描述時應在此基礎(chǔ)上進行比 較,如變量多于兩個應進行分類或有側(cè)重的

23、比較。f4 極點說明。即對圖表中最高的、最低的點單獨進行說明。不以時間為比較基礎(chǔ)的應注意對極點的描述。f5 交點說明。即對圖表當中多根曲線的交點進行對比說明。f6 不要不做任何說明就機械地導入數(shù)據(jù),這不符合雅思的考試目的。4.5.3.2 曲線圖舉例topic 4-6: the graph shows the rate of smoking of man and women in scotland from 1960 to 2000.summarise the information by selecting andreporting the main features and make com

24、parisons where relevant. you should write at least 150 words(圖貼不上, 大家下載附件吧 )范文the line chart compares the rate ofsmoking of men and women in scotland from 1960 to 2000.it can be clearly seen thatthe rate of smoking for both men and women was declining and that fewer women smoked during the period.(點

25、明圖表主要趨勢,用 compare這個詞揭示下面的文章結(jié)構(gòu)。)in 1960, 600 men in every l,000 smoked. this number decreased gradually to 500 by 1974 and continued to decrease steeply to 250 by 2000 in contrast, the smoking rate for women was very low, only 80 in every 1,000 in 1960by 1968 this increased to 170 and rose again more

26、steeply to 320 in 1977the rate of female smokers then remained stable at 320 until in 1984, at which point the figures began to decline and dropped to 200 by 2000(按時間先后順序描述男性吸煙者的發(fā)展趨勢, 用 in contrast 連接女性吸煙者,承上啟下,并形成對比。 )in conclusion, we can see thatthe rate of smoking of men dropped throughout the w

27、hole period but was always higher than that ofwomenthe rate of female smokers increased until 197,7 but thendecreased for the rest of the period. (176 words)(結(jié)尾段中換一種方式描述結(jié)論,與開頭段相互呼應。)topic 4-7:the line chart bellow shows serious violent crime levels from 1978 to 2000 in the usserious violent crimes i

28、nclude rape,robbery, aggravated assault and homicide. summarise the information by selectingand reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.(圖貼不上, 大家下載附件吧 )范文the multiple-line graph demonstrates trends inviolent crime levels in the us during the period 1978 to 2000.in the first t

29、en years,there were fluctuations inthe total crime level,but the overall trend wasupbeat by about 1989, it rose to a recordhigh, around 4.5 offences per thousand american,s half the figure in1980 (slightly over 3 offences),the lowestever recorded during the given period victimisations rose and fell

30、at a lower level between 2 and 2.5offences over the same perio,d while crimes recorded by police showed asteady increase,reaching its highest in the yea1r 994,over 1.5 offencesin a thousand the arrest rate wasthe lowes,tlevelling off below 0.5offences per 1,000from 1988 onwards,the total violent cri

31、me level declined gradually,so did victimisations reported to police in 2000,3 out of a thousand americans committed violent crime, while half as many victims were reported to the police as to crimes recorded by police and arrests for violent crime, both dropped slightly in the last five years and t

32、he figures were 1.5 and 0.5 offences respectively in 2000overall, the violent crime rate,as well as victimisations reported to police, crimes recorded and arrests for violent crime, was not subject tostrong fluctuations in the final two decades of the last centur,y althoughby the end of the century,

33、there was a trend toward lower violent crime levels. (240 words)4.5.3.3 曲線圖常用詞匯動詞 九大運動趨勢一:表示向上:increase,rise,improve,grow,ascend,mount,aggrandize,go up,climb , take off, jump,shoot up暴漲,soar,rocket, skyrocket舉例:人口上升: the number of population increased/ascended/mounted等等。二:表示 上升后保持平穩(wěn) : flatten out(下降

34、或升高后變平 ), level off舉例:人口上升后保持平穩(wěn): the number of population mounted and leveled off.三:表示 復蘇(下降后再上升) : recover,bounce back舉例:人口下降后復蘇: the number of population decreased and recovered.四:表示 下降:decrease, decline, descend,drop, fall , go down, come down,collapse, crash, fall off , slump, plummet, plunge, s

35、lide, shrink, dwindle, diminish舉例:人口減少: the number of population decreased/ declined.五:表示下降后保持平穩(wěn) :bottom out,flatten out(下降或升高后變平 )舉例:人口下降后保持平穩(wěn): the number of population decreased and bottomed out.六:表示 穩(wěn)定或水平 : remain steady/constan,t stay stable, stabilize,stagnate, flatten out(下降或升高后變平 ), level off

36、 , stay at the same level, be similar to, there is little hardly any no change舉例:表示人口數(shù)量保持平穩(wěn)的時候可以寫: the number of population stayed stable. /the number of population remained steady.七:表示 波動:fluctuate舉例:人口波動: the number of population fluctuated.八:表示在 底部 :reach a low point,bottom out,reach the bottom,r

37、each the rock, hit a trough九:表示在 頂部:reach a peak,peak,top out,reach the highest point/the top/ the summit/ the mos,tpeak in/at, reach the zenith舉例:人口到達了頂峰: the number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith.形容詞和副詞 變化程度abrupt(ly)(突然 ),sudden(ly)(突然),dramatic(ally)( 急劇),drastic(al

38、ly)(急劇),sharp(ly)(急劇),quick(ly)( 迅速),rapid(ly)( 迅速),marked(ly)( 顯著 ), significant(ly)( 顯 著 ),considerable(considerably)( 相 當 ), substantial(ly)(相當) moderate(ly)(適當 ),gradual(ly)( 逐漸),slight(ly)( 輕微), slow(ly)( 緩慢), steady(steadily)(平緩 )名詞line chart 線圖,curve diagram 曲線圖,horizontal axis 橫軸,vertical ax

39、is 縱軸, plateau(上升后的穩(wěn)定期 ),record high 歷史高度, record low 歷史低點, trough (曲線上的 )最小值, zenith(最高值 ), general trend, upward/downward tend增加:an increase,a rise,a growth, an improvement, an upturn, a surge, an upsurge, an upward trend下降:a fall, a decrease, a decline, a drop, a downturn, a downturn trend, low p

40、oint ,reduction波動: fluctuation介詞一. remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ peak/reach its peak/ reach its zenith后面需要使用的是 at.舉例: 1.人口在 500 萬上保持平穩(wěn) : the number of population remained steady at 5 million.2. 人口在 800 萬時到達了頂峰 : the number of population peaked at 8 million.3. 下降后,人口在 400 萬保持平穩(wěn) :

41、after decreasing, the number of population bottomed out at 4 million.4. 上升后,人口在 700 萬保持平穩(wěn) : after mounting, the number of population leveled off at 7 million.二. 上升/下降后面使用 to(到)和 by(了)舉例:1. 人口下降到 200 萬: number of population decreased to 2 million.2. 人口下降了 200 萬: number of population decreased by 2 mi

42、llion.3. 人口上升到 1000 萬: number of population increased to 10 million.4. 人口上升了 500 萬: number of population increased by 5 million.三. recover 的后面大家需要使用的是 from舉例: 人口在 200 萬時開始復蘇 : the number of population recovered from 2 million.四. fluctuate 的后面大家需要連接 between and舉例: 人口在 20 和 100 億之間波動 : the number of p

43、opulation fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion.4.5.3.4 曲線圖常用表達開頭概述常用表達1) the line chart depicts the changes in the number ofover the period from 2000 to 2004該曲線圖描述了從 2000 年到 2004 年數(shù)量的變化。2) the chart provides some data regarding the fluctuations of from 2000 to 2004該曲線圖描述了從 2000 年到 2004 年的變動。3) the gr

44、aph,presented in the curve diagram,shows the general trend in .該圖以曲線圖的形式描述了總的趨勢。4) this is a line chart showing.這是一個曲線圖,描述了。5) as can be seen from the grap,h the two curves show the fluctuations of .如圖所示,兩條曲線描述了波動的情況。描述曲線常用表達1) the in the graph is measured in unit,s each of which isequivalent to.圖表中

45、的以為單位,每單位等于。2) the horizontal axis stands for.橫軸代表了。3) the vertical axis stands for.縱軸代表了。4) there was arapid (/dramaticdrastic sharp greatremarkable slightlittle slow) increase(/rise decrease drop fall decline) of a over the period fromto.從到期間 a 有快速 / 劇烈急速很大明顯很小幾乎沒有緩慢地增長下降。5) the curve appeared to

46、level off in 1988曲線似乎在 1988 年穩(wěn)定下來。6) the situation reached apeak (/high point) atin 2000.這種情況在 2000 年到達一個頂點,為。7) the situation fell down to (/reached) the bottom in 2000 這種情況在 2000 年降到低谷。8) the figures hit a trough in 2000 這些數(shù)字 2000 年降到最低點。4.5.3.5 曲線圖模板the line chart compares the rate of aandb. it c

47、an be clearly seen that.a.in contrast,b.in conclusion, we can see from the chart that.4.5.4 柱圖4.5.4.1 解題關(guān)鍵1 柱狀圖是動態(tài)圖表,切入點是描述趨勢。2 柱狀圖寫作注重 “比較”找(出 similarity) 和“對比”找(出difference) ,也就是說需要橫向總結(jié)所有柱狀圖表的共性特征, 也要分別描寫各個柱子的個性特征。3 有兩種寫作方式:其一是對不同時間段內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)進行比較, 適合于數(shù)據(jù)代表的物體較少且時間界限明確的情況。另外是對單獨數(shù)據(jù)的全程描述,適合于描述數(shù)據(jù)對象很多且時間劃定不清

48、晰的情況。4.5.4.2 柱圖舉例topic 4-8 :the graph shows the increasing use of consumer goods (tvs ,washing machines, etc.) in the uk summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.(圖貼不上,大家下載附件吧 )范文:the bar chart indicates the percentage ofhousehold con

49、sumer durables sold in the uk from 1972 to 1983. the goods can be divided into three groups. (首先介紹了圖表的內(nèi)容,然后點明從圖表中總結(jié)出的大致傾向,為下文展開做好鋪墊。)firstly ,a number of appliances were in a high percentage ofhomes for the entire periodthese included tvs ,vacuum cleaners and washing machines tv ownership wasthe hig

50、hest,growing from 93 to 98 over the eleven-year period, while washing machine ownership ,the lowestof this group ,increased from 66 to 80 (開頭句為中心句。第二句用 these 來作承接,下面用最突出的數(shù)據(jù)來做例子,即highest 和 lowest 。)the second group includedthe central heating and telephones which showed the most dramatic rise with in

51、creases of 27 for central heating and 35 for telephones at the beginning of the period, these appliances had been bought by 37 and 42 ofhomes respectively the final groupwas appliances that wereonly introduced into the market during the period shown video recorder was quickly accepted into household

52、s, achieving 18ownership by 1983 the dishwasher had less impact, with its ownership slowly rising from 3 to 5 between 1978 and 1983 (第二類、第三類電器現(xiàn)在的情況與以前相比較。比較是寫文章時常用的修辭手段。 video recorder 和 the dishwasher之間進行比較,用 less 連接兩個句子。 )in all ,it can be seen from the graph thatbritish households enjoyed all eve

53、r-increasing ownership of consumer durables from 1972 to 1983 (4.5.5 流程圖4.5.5.1 解題關(guān)鍵流程圖 flow charts 是一個難點。 流程圖的題目基本不會重復; 流程圖的詞匯隨著圖表不同而變化,很少出現(xiàn)重復的詞匯。幸運的是,流程 圖考題次數(shù)并不多, 一年大概三到五次, 主要集中在年初年末三個月。流程圖特點:21 流程圖基本不會出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù),文字信息占主要地位;22 流程圖以描述為主,比較的機會比圖表題少;23 流程圖中出現(xiàn)的信息都需要描述,而普通圖表則不需要描述每一個數(shù)據(jù);24 流程圖的時態(tài)多比較單一,主要用一般現(xiàn)在時

54、;25 流程圖的分段比較靈活,只要不同階段之間的差距很明顯, 就可以另起一段。描述流程五大步f1 首先說明該過程是做什么工作的,目的是什么。f2 準備工作。f3 按時間過程先后描述。f4 結(jié)果。f5 簡單總結(jié) (可有可無 )。描述一個實物器具的工作過程f1 實物是什么,做什么用的。f2 基本結(jié)構(gòu)。f3 工作過程。f4 簡單總結(jié)。擴充內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵:階段間進行比較很多烤鴨們在流程圖寫作中經(jīng)常遇到字數(shù)不夠的問題,這是由于描述過程太平鋪直敘。此時要注意各個階段的比較。例 4-33: in two weeks,the fry will grow up to two inches long 解析:原句過于簡單,可以增加魚苗和前一階段的比較。改正: in two weeks, the fry will grow up to two inches long, more than twice longer than it was when hatched大意:在兩周的時間內(nèi),魚

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