主謂一致詳解與習(xí)題

1、主謂一致在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。一、語法一致原則語法上一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： To study English well is not easy.注意：由 what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： What I bo

2、ught were three English books. / What I say and do is（are ） helpfulto you.2.由連接詞 and 或 bothand連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。如： Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girlwere surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意：（ 1 ）若 and 所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)

3、人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如： The writer and artist has come.（2 ）由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有 no ， each ， every more than a（an ） ， many a（ an ）修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy andno girl likes it.3.主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with ， together with， except ， but ， like ，as well as ，

4、 rather than， more than， no less than， besides ， including等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)， 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：Mr. Green， togetherwith his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was onthe playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.4. either， neither， each ， every或 no + 單數(shù)名詞和由some ， a

5、ny ， no ， every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each ofus hasa newbook./Everythingaround us is matter.注意：（1 ）在口語中當(dāng)either或 neither后跟有 “ of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）”作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is（ are ） interesting.（ 2 ）若 noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：None of us has（ have ） been to America.

6、5. 在定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞 that ， who ， which 等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如： He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is theonly one of my friends who is working hard.6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family ， class ， crowd ， committee ， population ，audience等。如： Class Four is on the th

7、ird floor. / Class Four are unable to agreeupon a monitor.注意： people ， police ， cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如： The police are lookingfor the lost child.7.由 “ a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of +名詞 ”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ 名詞 ”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：Thereare alotof peoplein the classr

8、oom./Therestofthelecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of許“多 ”，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of“ 的數(shù)量 ”，主語是 number，謂語用單數(shù)。8.在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：There comes the bus. / Onthe wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.二、邏輯意義一致原則邏輯意義一致就是謂

9、語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。1. what， who ， which ， any ， more ， all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag？ / Which are your bags？ / All is going well./ All have gone to Beijing.2.表示 “時(shí)間、 重量、長度、價(jià)值 ”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for

10、the work.3. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.4. 表數(shù)量的短語 “ one and a half 后接復(fù)數(shù)”名詞作主語時(shí)， 其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式 （也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One and a half apples is（are ） left on the table.5. 算式中表示數(shù)目 （字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待， 其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。 如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six div

11、ided by eight is seven.6.一些學(xué)科名詞是以ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics以及 news ，works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn,t easyto study.7. trousers， glasses ， clothes， shoes ， 等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a （ the ） pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如

12、：My glasses are broken./ The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8. 定“冠詞 the + 形容詞或分詞 ”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。三、就近一致原則在英語句子中，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。1.當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either，orneither nor， whetheror， notonly but also連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。如： Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly r

13、ight. / Is neither he northey wholly right？2. there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上歷屆高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題精選（二）主謂一致1.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.knowB.knowsC.have knownD.is known2.All but one _ here just now.A.isB.wasC.has bee

14、nD.were3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examinationafter another.A.isB.areC.amD.be4.A library with five thousnd books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offeredB.have offeredC.are offeredD.has offered5.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decidedB.are not decid

15、edC.has not decidedD.have not decided6.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A.were , wasB.was , wasC.was , wereD.were , were7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth , isB.Two fifth , areC.Two fifths , isD.Two fift

16、hs , are8.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A.haveB.hasC.have beenD.has been9.Between then two rows of trees _ the teaching building.A.standB.standsC.standingD.are10.All that can be done_.A.has been doneB.has doneC.have doneD.were done11.They each _ a new dictionary.A.hasB.h

17、aveC.isD.are12.The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is13.I have finisheda large partof the book ; therest _more difficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were14.The wounded _ by the hospital.A.have been taken inC.has been taken inC.have taken inD.has taken inKEYS: 1-5 BDBAA6-10 CCCBA11-

18、14 BBAA1.Each of you _ responsible for the accident.a. amb. bec. isd. are2.Each man and woman _ the same rights.a. hasb. havec. hadd. is having3.Every means _ tried but without much result.a. has been b. have beenc. ared. is4.There _ in this room.a. are too much furnitureb. is too many furnituresc.

19、are too much furnituresd. is too much furniture5.The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.a. wereb. arec. wasd. be6.Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.a. amb. isc. ared. was7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a. isb. arec. hasd. was8.Either the dean or the princ

20、ipal _ the meeting.a. attends b. attendc. are attendingd. have attended9._ was wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the studentsd. Not the students but the teacher10. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so”.a. Will beb.

21、Isc. Ared. Were11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task. a. are b. has c. is d. were12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.a. has been keptb. is being keptc. have keptd. have been kept13. All that can be done _.a. has doneb. has been donec. have doned. have been done14. One or perha

22、ps more pages _.a. is missingb. has been missed c. are missingd. was missing15. More than one worker _ dismissed.a. have beenb. arec. has beend. has16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.a. have realizedb. has realizec. have been realizedd. has been realized17. The gas wo

23、rks _ near the city.a. isb. arec. wered. be18. The surroundings of his house _ clean now.a. isb. arec. wasd. were19. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.a. has arguedb. has been arguingc. have arguedd. have been arguing20. The public _ generous in their contributions to t

24、he earthquake victims.a. isb. wasc. ared. has been21. Cattle _ on the hillside.a. grazesb. is grazingc. was grazingd. were grazing22. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.a. isb. arec. wasd. has been23. Measles _ a kind of infectious illness.a. isb. arec. wered. have been24. The Philippin

25、es _ to the south-east of China.a. liesb. liec. layd. lays25. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.a. isb. amc. ared. was26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted.a. is goingb. are goingc. has been goingd. have been going27. What caused the accident _ on the road.a.

26、were stoneb. were stonesc. was stoned. was stones28. Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink.a. isb. arec. wered. have been29. _ is to attend our evening.a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancersc. The singer or dancersd. The singer and dancer30. The Smiths _ their breakfast when

27、 the morning post came.a. hadb. has been havingc. are havingd. were having31. No one except two students _ the meeting.a. has been late forb. have been late forc. was late ford. were later for32. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.a. am goingb. is goingc. are goingd. was going33. Interest, as we

28、ll as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job.a. areb. werec. isd. was34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, _.a. have arrivedb. are arrivingc. had arrivedd. has arrived35. A number of cars _ in front of the parka. is parkedb. was parkedc. are parkedd. has parked36. the number of

29、articles published on smoking _ amazing.a. isb. arec. wered. have been37. The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.a. are believedb. had believedc. has believedd. believe38. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.a. isb. arec. wered. be39. Four-fifths of the crop _.a. are ruinedb.

30、 was ruinedc. were ruinedd. have been ruined40. Three-fourths of the buildings _.a. was destroyedb. is destroyedc. were destroyedd. has been destroyed41. Early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise.a. makingb. to makec. maked. makes42. Mathematics _ the language of science.a. isb. has beenc. ared. have been43. The young _ the vital forces in our socie